Abstract Purpose/Aim: The aim is to investigate if there are any differences in the reporting from the Olympic games and the Paralympic games, according to different periodicals or magazines, with focus on Paralymics and sports for handicapped. If so, what are those differences? Material/Method: The material consists of two periodicals, or magazines; Svensk idrott which is the official paper for the swedish Riksidrottsförbundet, and Handikappidrott, which is the official paper for the swedish Handikappidrottsförbundet. Articles considering the summer games in 1972 and 1976, 1984, 1996 and 2000 was studied with regard to models developed by Algirdas J. Greimas. The methods are both quantitative and qualitative. Main results: The main results are that the biggest difference between the periodicals really lie in the selection of articles and also in the amount of articles published, considering the games. In Handikappidrott, the articles are aimed towards an initiated audience who are supposed to know much about handicapped people and their sports. Svensk idrott focuses a lot more on different aspects of the Olympic games, such as politics and economy. Also has the aspect of normalisation been of current interest – the problem is that the more of handicapped people and issues that are presented to the audience in order to pinpoint the normality of the issue, the more focus come to lie on what is different from the non-handicapped, and in that way enlarge the gap between handicapped an non-handicapped. Keywords: Olympic games, Paralympics, actants, narrator, implied author, normalisation

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Communication

The following graduate report is the review of my artistic developments after three years of rigorous training in photography at The University of Texas at Austin. After a long period of not producing artwork, my entrance into graduate school at UT was the first step for beginning to take pictures and rethinking my objectives as an artist. I have to confess that when I was applying to graduate school I did not consider art as the profession I wanted develop in my life; instead, I applied to schools that had an strong focus in commercial photography. As a Colombian, most of my concerns were more about how to make a living. In my hometown, the only way to be independent is through a professional job, rather than what in the United States is called blue-collar work, including waiting tables or services in general. When I realized again that I was immersed in an endless dialogue about art, I had to reconsider my objectives to assume the idea of how I was going to combine my creative skills with a strong research in contemporary thinking about the visual image. My three biggest challenges when entering graduate school were finding a subject to begin to photograph again, exploring the idea of being part of a new community considering my arrival from a different country, and developing strong technical photographic skills. My relation to the United States in my artwork was the first thematic. Since I was a child and until my undergraduate research project, I always came to the United States as a spectator that experienced the country from the outside. My longest encounter as an observer was in 2004 when I came to do research on illegal immigrants for my undergraduate theses research. At that time, my approach to photography and art was mostly documentary where the visual result was based on video interviews and formal portraits of a minority I was interested in. I tried to find an explanation for the immense flow of people across the border between the United States and México. Once I was already here, after three years, living in a different city, I realized that I still was interested in photographing people and decided to focus on American stereotypes. Probably one of the issues I began to face was that I discovered that I was not enjoying carrying my camera all the time and thinking as a photographer that documented daily life. My interest was more in using the camera for specific projects rather than documenting my surroundings. At that point, I realized that staging was going to be the main modus operandi for creating artwork. From there I began to think in different projects that were developed throughout the three years of the program. / text

Title: Influence of Rugby World Cup and Summer Olympic Games on the awarness of FTVS students about rugby Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is detection, if big sport rugby events had any influence on awareness of rugby for students of Faculty of physical education and sport. Concretely, if the knowledge about Rugby World Cup and rugby tournament at Summer Olympic Games increased. And then, if their knowledge about rugby rules, world rugby, Czech rugby and women's rugby increased. Methods: I used the methods of quantitative research in ma thesis. I created two electronic questionnaire through the web site Vyplnto.cz. One of the questionaire I distributed in 2015 (before the Rugby World Cup) and the second questionnaire I posted in 2016 after the Summer Olympic Games. Results: The results of research demonstrated the impact of the big rugby events. The awareness of students about rugby increased. Their basic knowledge about world rugby and rugby rules increased. The research also showed that researched events didn't have the impact for the knowledge about Czech rugby or women's rugby. Keywords: Rugby World Cup, Summer Olympic Games, rugby, awarness

This thesis deals with the peak performance age of male and female tennis players in the Olympics and the Grand Slam tournaments in the years 1970 - 2011. Based on collected data which includes dates of birth of the first eight players the results are processed and evaluated using Microsoft Office. Output data is compiled in tables and graphs, where we can see the development of the average age of players and female players. This may serve for planning better sports training

A cidade do Rio de Janeiro foi eleita sede dos Jogos Olímpicos e Paraolímpicos de 2016 e são previstos impactos significativos em investimento e na geração de emprego, atrelados a isto existe a preocupação com as questões ambientais e a sustentabilidade do evento. No dossiê de candidatura do Rio de Janeiro a sede dos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016, existia o compromisso com a gestão dos resíduos sólidos. As grandes linhas de ações foram definidas quando do lançamento da candidatura do Rio de Janeiro a sede do evento, fato este que se concretizou em 02 de outubro de 2009. A gestão dos resíduos para 2016 é ainda carente de informações quantitativas de sua geração, das necessidades de adaptações das instalações para o período de realização do evento, bem como da definição de metas para que a gestão dos resíduos devidamente alinhadas com os preceitos do desenvolvimento sustentável. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar sub o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável a gestão de resíduos sólidos durante a realização dos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016 na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A metodologia consiste no levantamento histórico dos Jogos Olímpicos com especial detalhamento nas questões ligadas ao conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável e gestão de resíduos, análise dos Jogos Pan-americanos do Rio de Janeiro, levantamento em campo da preparação dos Jogos Olímpicos de Londres, observações em campo na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e a análise de dados para o cálculo da estimativa de geração de resíduos durante a realização dos Jogos de 2016. As comparações com outros eventos demonstraram semelhanças e diferenças com os Jogos Olímpicos de 2016 e possibilitou a apresentação de proposições para a gestão de resíduos sólidos. A projeção de geração de resíduos durante o evento é significativa e aponta a necessita de atenção para potencializar as ações como coleta seletiva, reciclagem e compostagem. São indicados estudos futuros sobre a gestão dos resíduos, em especial da construção civil durante as obras das futuras instalações, algumas delas já em curso. / The city of Rio de Janeiro was elected host of the Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2016 and significant impacts on investment and employment generation, linked to this is the concern with environmental issues and the sustainability of the event. In the application file of Rio de Janeiro to host the 2016 Olympic Games, there was a commitment to solid waste management. The broad lines of actions were set when launching the application for Rio de Janeiro to host the event, a fact which took place in October 2, 2009. The waste management for 2016 is still lacking quantitative information of its generation, premises needs adapting for the period of the event, as well as setting targets for the management of waste properly aligned with the principles of sustainable development . The objective of this study is to evaluate the concept of sustainable development within the waste management during the 2016 Olympic Games in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The methodology is a historic survey of the Olympic Games with special detail on issues related to the concept of sustainable development and waste management, analysis of the Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, field survey of the preparation of the London Olympics, field observations in the city of Rio de Janeiro and data analysis to calculate the estimate of waste generation during the Games in 2016. Comparisons with other events showed similarities and differences with the 2016 Olympic Games and made possible the presentation of proposals for solid waste management. The projection of waste generation during the event is significant and highlights the need for attention to potentiate the actions as selective collection, recycling and composting. Future studies are indicated on the management of waste, particularly during the construction works of future plants, some already in progress.

Orientador : João Pedro Albino / Banca: Lucilene dos Santos Gonzales / Banca: Jacques Marie Joseph Vigneron / Resumo: Apesar do pouco tempo de sua criação, a Internet se destaca como um meio de comunicação recente que trouxe implicações ao modo de se comunicar atual. Certamente, um meio que transmite informações em velocidade que beira a instantaneidade e que atinge ao mesmo tempo todo o planeta traz conseqüências particulares no que se refere ao jornalismo esportivo. Este trabalho buscou demonstrar como os sites brasileiros se estruturaram para realizar a cobertura jornalística durante as Olimpíadas 2004. Partindo de conceituações em torno do jornalismo esportivo e também do webjornalismo, foram selecionados dez produtos editoriais on-line com o propósito de compará-los. Verificamos que modificações os sites sofreram em suas páginas iniciais durante a realização dos Jogos e também identificamos quais e como destinaram páginas específicas ao evento. Neles, foram ainda estudadas as ocorrências das seis características propostas por Marcos Palácios (in MACHADO e PALÁCIOS, 2003, p. 17) conduzindo a uma comparação da estrutura adotada por cada página eletrônica que se destinou a cobrir especificamente as Olimpíadas 2004. Para este estudo, foram selecionados os websites: UOL, Terra, Gazeta Esportiva, Lancenet, O Estado de S. Paulo, Folha de S. Paulo, SPORTV, Globo.com, Bandeirantes, e ESPN Brasil. / Abstract: In spite of its recent raising, Internet is an outstanding mean of communication which brought implications to the way we communicate today. Certainly, a mean which send information at a speed of propagation border to instantaneity and which reaches all the planet at the same time brigs particular consequences concerning to sporting journalism. This work investigated how the brazilian sites were structured to do on-line journalistic covering during the Olympic Games in 2004. From the beginning with conceptualizations all around sporting journalism and also webjournalism, we collected ten on-line publishing products with the purpose of comparing them. We verified which modifications occurred in their homepages during the Games and also we identified which sites dedicated specifics webpages to the event and how they did it. In them, we studied the occurrences of six characteristics proposed by Marcos Palacios (in MACHADO e PALACIOS, 2003, p. 17), which leaded to a comparison of structure followed as a bases by each webpage which dedicated to cover specifically the Olympic Games in 2004. To this work, we selected the websites: UOL, Terra, Globo.com, Bandeirantes, SPORTV, ESPN Brasil, Gazeta Esportiva, Lancenet, O Estado de S. Paulo e Folha de S. Paulo. / Mestre

O presente documento apresenta sucintamente os conceitos e definições das geotecnologias, com ênfase em duas ferramentas tecnológicas de suporte a utilização desta metodologia: o geoprocessamento e o sistema de informação geográfica (SIG). A proposta metodológica da utilização da geotecnologias teve como objetivo a observação dos fenômenos dos megaeventos esportivos, que serão sediados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a Copa do Mundo de Futebol 2014 e os Jogos Olímpicos e Paralímpicos de 2016, bem como atender as exigências de conclusão da tese de doutorado. Para tal, foram realizados dois artigos que observaram o fenômeno megaeventos esportivos no espaço geográfico da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O primeiro verificou as mudanças urbanas com as características socioeconômicas ocorridas nas proximidades do parque olímpico, a partir de uma visão temporal da década de 2000. O segundo artigo observou o espaço geográfico da cidade junto aos sítios olímpicos e as mudanças climáticas que vêm ocorrendo nesses locais, através da observação da evolução da temperatura de superfície com a construção de mapas termais, e de dados meteorológicos. / This paper presents the concepts and definitions of geotechnology , with emphasis on two different tools to support the use of this methodology: geoprocessing and geographic information system (GIS ) .The use of this methodological proposal, the geotechnologies, had as objective at observing the phenomena of mega sporting events that will be hosted in the city of Rio de Janeiro, World Cup Football 2014 and the Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2016, as well as meet the requirements of completion of the doctoral thesis. To this end, two articles which observed the phenomenon sports mega-events in the geographic space of the city of Rio de Janeiro were performed. The first verified the urban changes with socioeconomic characteristics, which occurred near the Olympic Park, from a temporal view of the 2000s. The second article noted the geographic area of the city surrounding to the Olympic site and the climate changes that are occurring in these locations by checking the evolution of the surface temperature with the construction of thermal maps and weather data.

A cidade do Rio de Janeiro foi eleita sede dos Jogos Olímpicos e Paraolímpicos de 2016 e são previstos impactos significativos em investimento e na geração de emprego, atrelados a isto existe a preocupação com as questões ambientais e a sustentabilidade do evento. No dossiê de candidatura do Rio de Janeiro a sede dos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016, existia o compromisso com a gestão dos resíduos sólidos. As grandes linhas de ações foram definidas quando do lançamento da candidatura do Rio de Janeiro a sede do evento, fato este que se concretizou em 02 de outubro de 2009. A gestão dos resíduos para 2016 é ainda carente de informações quantitativas de sua geração, das necessidades de adaptações das instalações para o período de realização do evento, bem como da definição de metas para que a gestão dos resíduos devidamente alinhadas com os preceitos do desenvolvimento sustentável. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar sub o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável a gestão de resíduos sólidos durante a realização dos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016 na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A metodologia consiste no levantamento histórico dos Jogos Olímpicos com especial detalhamento nas questões ligadas ao conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável e gestão de resíduos, análise dos Jogos Pan-americanos do Rio de Janeiro, levantamento em campo da preparação dos Jogos Olímpicos de Londres, observações em campo na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e a análise de dados para o cálculo da estimativa de geração de resíduos durante a realização dos Jogos de 2016. As comparações com outros eventos demonstraram semelhanças e diferenças com os Jogos Olímpicos de 2016 e possibilitou a apresentação de proposições para a gestão de resíduos sólidos. A projeção de geração de resíduos durante o evento é significativa e aponta a necessita de atenção para potencializar as ações como coleta seletiva, reciclagem e compostagem. São indicados estudos futuros sobre a gestão dos resíduos, em especial da construção civil durante as obras das futuras instalações, algumas delas já em curso. / The city of Rio de Janeiro was elected host of the Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2016 and significant impacts on investment and employment generation, linked to this is the concern with environmental issues and the sustainability of the event. In the application file of Rio de Janeiro to host the 2016 Olympic Games, there was a commitment to solid waste management. The broad lines of actions were set when launching the application for Rio de Janeiro to host the event, a fact which took place in October 2, 2009. The waste management for 2016 is still lacking quantitative information of its generation, premises needs adapting for the period of the event, as well as setting targets for the management of waste properly aligned with the principles of sustainable development . The objective of this study is to evaluate the concept of sustainable development within the waste management during the 2016 Olympic Games in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The methodology is a historic survey of the Olympic Games with special detail on issues related to the concept of sustainable development and waste management, analysis of the Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, field survey of the preparation of the London Olympics, field observations in the city of Rio de Janeiro and data analysis to calculate the estimate of waste generation during the Games in 2016. Comparisons with other events showed similarities and differences with the 2016 Olympic Games and made possible the presentation of proposals for solid waste management. The projection of waste generation during the event is significant and highlights the need for attention to potentiate the actions as selective collection, recycling and composting. Future studies are indicated on the management of waste, particularly during the construction works of future plants, some already in progress.

This thesis is focused on evaluating age structure of cross-country skiing racers who participate in World Championship and Olympic Games. The work shall show if the age of sportsmen can be determined as one of the factors of success, what is the optimal age limit and how is this age limit changed in the course of time or if it stays the same. After studying available literature and after looking up certain data on the internet, the results were evaluated in Excel, the graphs were created and the final report was written. The results showed: the average age often oscillates among 24 and 36 years in the majority of disciplines, it has been rather decreasing mostly in the discipline od women - cross-countra skiing for 5 km both at the World Championship and at the Olympic Games. The age decreases at shorter distance and a little higher age increases or predominates at disciplines for longer distance. The total arithmetic mean of the age of the maximum performance is 27.99 years in cross-country skiing at World Championship and at winter Olympic Games from 1970 to 2007. The arithmetic mean of the age of winners in World Championship is 27.75 years. The arithmetic mean of the age of racers participated in winter Olympic Games is 28.33 years in that time. Average age of women is 27.78 years, average age of men is 28.19 years.