John Milton (1608 1674) é conhecido não só como o poeta do épico Paraíso perdido, mas também como um dos grandes teóricos e polemistas do período das Guerras Civis Inglesas. Seu principal tema é o problema da liberdade em um reino que se transformou segundo ele em uma tirania de reis e potentados religiosos, onde o súdito não era mais adequadamente representado por seu soberano; de acordo com Milton, como o rei não era mais o representante justo do reino, ele não deveria mais exercer as suas funções, sendo necessária a sua deposição e, em alguns casos extremos, o regicídio (como foi defendido pelo próprio poeta); assim, a solução proposta junto com outros panfletários anti-realistas, que nunca atingiram a riqueza retórica e a ousadia teórica de Milton é o surgimento de uma república inglesa, inspirada nos moldes ciceronianos e de clara influência secular-humanista. A partir de agora, o verdadeiro representante do governo deve ser o povo, mais precisamente a commonwealth, formada por indivíduos capazes de dominar as paixões que os podem transformá-los em escravos e viver de acordo com a vontade da razão e da prudência. A liberdade interior dos membros desta república se dá dentro desta commonwealth, onde eles podem exercer a liberdade civil (em que o indivíduo pode viver com tranqüilidade desde que respeite as leis da república), a liberdade doméstica (em que se pode escolher qual é o tipo de educação que pretende ter, quais são as pessoas com quem pretende se relacionar, etc.) e a liberdade religiosa (a possibilidade de escolher uma religião sem a interferência do governo ou de qualquer outra seita religiosa que se classifique como oficial). / John Milton (1608 - 1674) is known not only for his epic Paradise Lost, but also as one of the great theorists and polemicists of the period of the English Civil Wars. Its main theme is the problem of freedom in a kingdom that has become a tyranny of kings and religious potentates, where the subject was not properly represented by his sovereign; according to Milton, as the king was no longer the right representative of the kingdom, he should no longer perform his duties, requiring the deposition and in some extreme cases, the regicide (as argued by him); thus, the proposed solution along with other anti-royalist pamphleteers, who never reached Milton´s rhetoric and the theoretical boldness is the emergence of an English republic. From now on, the true representative of the government should be the people, specifically the commonwealth, made up of individuals able to master the passions that can turn them into slaves and live according to the will of reason and prudence. The Freedom of the Republic takes place within this commonwealth, where its members can exercise civil liberty (in which the individual can live with peace of mind provided if it complies with the laws of the Republic), domestic freedom (where you can choose what kind education you want to have, who are the people you want to relate, etc.) and religious freedom (the ability to choose a religion without interference from the government or any other religious sect that classify them as \"official\").

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John Milton (1608 1674) é conhecido não só como o poeta do épico Paraíso perdido, mas também como um dos grandes teóricos e polemistas do período das Guerras Civis Inglesas. Seu principal tema é o problema da liberdade em um reino que se transformou segundo ele em uma tirania de reis e potentados religiosos, onde o súdito não era mais adequadamente representado por seu soberano; de acordo com Milton, como o rei não era mais o representante justo do reino, ele não deveria mais exercer as suas funções, sendo necessária a sua deposição e, em alguns casos extremos, o regicídio (como foi defendido pelo próprio poeta); assim, a solução proposta junto com outros panfletários anti-realistas, que nunca atingiram a riqueza retórica e a ousadia teórica de Milton é o surgimento de uma república inglesa, inspirada nos moldes ciceronianos e de clara influência secular-humanista. A partir de agora, o verdadeiro representante do governo deve ser o povo, mais precisamente a commonwealth, formada por indivíduos capazes de dominar as paixões que os podem transformá-los em escravos e viver de acordo com a vontade da razão e da prudência. A liberdade interior dos membros desta república se dá dentro desta commonwealth, onde eles podem exercer a liberdade civil (em que o indivíduo pode viver com tranqüilidade desde que respeite as leis da república), a liberdade doméstica (em que se pode escolher qual é o tipo de educação que pretende ter, quais são as pessoas com quem pretende se relacionar, etc.) e a liberdade religiosa (a possibilidade de escolher uma religião sem a interferência do governo ou de qualquer outra seita religiosa que se classifique como oficial). / John Milton (1608 - 1674) is known not only for his epic Paradise Lost, but also as one of the great theorists and polemicists of the period of the English Civil Wars. Its main theme is the problem of freedom in a kingdom that has become a tyranny of kings and religious potentates, where the subject was not properly represented by his sovereign; according to Milton, as the king was no longer the right representative of the kingdom, he should no longer perform his duties, requiring the deposition and in some extreme cases, the regicide (as argued by him); thus, the proposed solution along with other anti-royalist pamphleteers, who never reached Milton´s rhetoric and the theoretical boldness is the emergence of an English republic. From now on, the true representative of the government should be the people, specifically the commonwealth, made up of individuals able to master the passions that can turn them into slaves and live according to the will of reason and prudence. The Freedom of the Republic takes place within this commonwealth, where its members can exercise civil liberty (in which the individual can live with peace of mind provided if it complies with the laws of the Republic), domestic freedom (where you can choose what kind education you want to have, who are the people you want to relate, etc.) and religious freedom (the ability to choose a religion without interference from the government or any other religious sect that classify them as \"official\").

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1958 S76

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No description available.

Barbora Fialová The Foreign Policy of John Major᾽s Cabinet (1990-1997). Contribution to the History of the Island State in the 1990s Master's Thesis - the Abstract The master's thesis deals with a period of John Major's conservative government in the Great Britain (1990-1997). Main interest of this thesis is a foreign policies' analysis of the Major's government. Primarily, it puts an emphasis on a development of relationships with the European Communities and later the European Union. Nevertheless, it also deals with the relationship with the United States or with the Commonwealth of Nations. Moreover, the personality of John Major and his impact on British foreign policies is studied. Major's government's domestic policies were influenced by foreign policies and vice versa, the key factors are described in the thesis. The author uses mainly British sources and literature.

Objectives. Although there have been some studies of the characteristics of orthodontic students and orthodontic programmes in the US, there has been little investigation of those in the Commonwealth. This study will attempt to identify the demographic characteristics of postgraduate orthodontic students, and the curriculum and organisation of orthodontic programmes in the English-speaking world, with the hope that this information may be used to aid in the planning of orthodontic training and future treatment provision. Materials and Methods. An on-line survey was used to question postgraduate orthodontic students studying in the 93 programmes worldwide in countries where the first language is English. The questionnaire itself was built using the online survey tool www.surveymonkey.com and was accessible to respondents for two months (January 2007 through March 2007). Statistical analysis was then carried out using the SPSS statistical program. Results. Of the 301 respondents, 55% were male and 45% female; 57.8% were from US programmes and 42.2% from the Commonwealth. The mean age of respondents was 29.8 years. The mean programme duration was 31.0 months in the US and 37.1 months in the Commonwealth, with the mean total patient loads being 84 and 106 respectively. A wide variety of treatment modalities were used in both groups. The mean annual tuition fee was considerably higher in the US (US$23,200) than in the Commonwealth (US$16,500); however, a higher proportion (47.2%) of US respondents received scholarships or stipends than Commonwealth respondents (29.1%). The overall mean debt upon graduation was US$118,200 and the mean expected income five years after graduation was US$283,200. Private practice was the most popular career path (90.3%), with fewer than one-third of respondents indicating that they would consider an academic career. Conclusions. The current study indicates that the demographic characteristics of orthodontic students are very similar to those most recently reported. Certain trends have continued, such as the increasing proportion of female students, and the increase in programme duration in the US. Data presented in the clinical and financial sections of this represent the greatest areas of change. Total patient case-load is increasing, and the types of treatment being carried out by students show marked differences from previous studies. The continuing increase in tuition fees is reported, along with increased levels of debt upon graduation, and this is seen to be having an effect on the expected career paths of orthodontic students, with fewer students looking to enter an academic career. This situation may need to be addressed to ensure the continued development and strength of orthodontic faculty members, and, hence, that of orthodontic training programmes.

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