No description available.

Charles Darwin has achieved both notoriety and fame for his evolutionary ideas encapsulated principally in The Origin of Species and The Descent of Man. Although credited for much originality in his writings, Darwin's legacy borrowed extensively from many who had propounded similar speculations centuries before him. His naturalistic argument for origin and species reveals both logical and theological problems with his thesis, and further unavoidable ramifications. The contention is that even Darwin himself could not, and did not, live by the ideas he boldly espoused. His ideas, if true, would destroy the very basis upon which his thesis depended. His evolutionary paradigm had to take for granted a world he could give no account for. Yet his antipathy of Biblical Christianity, and its God, inspired him to pursue his personal naturalistic agenda with little regard to the logical consequences. Modern evolutionary science may look back today with pride on its founder, Charles Darwin, yet the problems which were intrinsic to his thesis remain unanswered yet. / Thesis (M.Th. (Dogmatics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Charles Darwin has achieved both notoriety and fame for his evolutionary ideas encapsulated principally in The Origin of Species and The Descent of Man. Although credited for much originality in his writings, Darwin's legacy borrowed extensively from many who had propounded similar speculations centuries before him. His naturalistic argument for origin and species reveals both logical and theological problems with his thesis, and further unavoidable ramifications. The contention is that even Darwin himself could not, and did not, live by the ideas he boldly espoused. His ideas, if true, would destroy the very basis upon which his thesis depended. His evolutionary paradigm had to take for granted a world he could give no account for. Yet his antipathy of Biblical Christianity, and its God, inspired him to pursue his personal naturalistic agenda with little regard to the logical consequences. Modern evolutionary science may look back today with pride on its founder, Charles Darwin, yet the problems which were intrinsic to his thesis remain unanswered yet. / Thesis (M.Th. (Dogmatics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Éminent naturaliste du XIXe siècle, Charles Darwin publie en 1859 ce qui s'avérera être l’un des textes fondateurs des sciences de la vie : On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life (ou OS). Ce volumineux ouvrage pose les assises conceptuelles de la théorie darwinienne de l'évolution. Cette dernière suscite encore de nos jours la controverse : certains la nient (créationnisme, dessein intelligent, etc.) alors que d'autres la poussent à l'extrême (eugénisme, darwinisme social, etc.). Vu la grande portée de l'OS, le problème de sa traduction en français se présente de lui-même. Ce champ d'étude reste pourtant largement inexploré. Nous avons donc choisi, dans le présent travail, d’étudier les traductions françaises de l’OS. Notre étude s’inscrivant dans un axe de recherche qui s’intéresse aux modes de conceptualisation métaphorique en usage dans les domaines biomédicaux, ainsi qu’aux problèmes de traduction qu’ils soulèvent, nous avons choisi de nous concentrer plus particulièrement sur les modes de conceptualisation métaphorique présents dans le texte de l'OS, et sur la manière dont ils ont été traduits en français. Pour mener à bien ce projet, nous avons élaboré une méthodologie à partir de celle déjà utilisée avec succès dans des études antérieures menées au sein du même axe de recherche que le nôtre. En plus de l’annotation et l’interrogation informatisée de notre corpus, cette méthodologie consiste en la mise en relation, au plan informatique, de plusieurs traductions d’un même texte. De par sa complexité technique, son élaboration constitue l’un des objectifs majeurs de notre étude. Les résultats obtenus nous ont permis de confirmer deux de nos trois hypothèses : 1) la totalité des modes de conceptualisation identifiés dans notre corpus anglais se retrouvent également dans chacune des traductions, et 2) aucun mode de conceptualisation métaphorique ne peut être dégagé des traductions françaises qui n’est pas déjà présent dans l’original anglais. En plus de nous permettre de comparer chaque traduction à l’original anglais, ces résultats nous ont également permis de comparer entre elles les différentes traductions françaises de l’OS. Ce mémoire de maîtrise comporte six chapitres, qui correspondent tour à tour à : notre cadre théorique, l'état de la question, nos hypothèses et nos objectifs, notre méthodologie, nos résultats et la discussion de ces résultats. / In 1859, prominent British naturalist Charles Darwin published On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life (OS). In this book, Darwin introduces his theory of evolution. Since its inception, however, the Darwinian theory of evolution has been shrouded in controversy, rejected outright by some (proponents of creationism, intelligent design, etc.) or highjacked by others (proponents of eugenics, social Darwinism, etc.). Yet the profound impact of the theory extends well beyond the English-speaking world. Despite this, the French translations of this important book have rarely been studied. Therefore, in the current study, we have chosen to fill this gap and study the French translations of the OS. Our study is conducted within a framework that is mainly concerned with conceptual metaphors in biomedical discourse, as well as the problems they cause in the process of translation. We have thus chosen to focus on the identification of conceptual metaphors in the OS, and the ways in which they were translated into French. For this project, we developed a methodology involving the electronic annotation and interrogation of our corpus, namely the OS and its French translation. It also involves the creation of electronic links between a translation and its source text. This methodology is based on a previous one, already used successfully in other studies. Due to its complexity, its development constitutes one of the major objectives of our study. The results thus obtained have made it possible to confirm two of our three hypotheses: 1) all conceptual metaphors identified in the original English text of the OS can be found in each of the French translations, and 2) no conceptual metaphor can be found in any of the French translations that is not already present in the original English text. The results obtained allowed us to compare each translation to the original text, but also to compare the translation amongst themselves. This Master’s thesis includes six chapters, which correspond in turn to our: theoretical framework, literature review, hypotheses and objectives, methodology, results, and discussion.

Éminent naturaliste du XIXe siècle, Charles Darwin publie en 1859 ce qui s'avérera être l’un des textes fondateurs des sciences de la vie : On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life (ou OS). Ce volumineux ouvrage pose les assises conceptuelles de la théorie darwinienne de l'évolution. Cette dernière suscite encore de nos jours la controverse : certains la nient (créationnisme, dessein intelligent, etc.) alors que d'autres la poussent à l'extrême (eugénisme, darwinisme social, etc.). Vu la grande portée de l'OS, le problème de sa traduction en français se présente de lui-même. Ce champ d'étude reste pourtant largement inexploré. Nous avons donc choisi, dans le présent travail, d’étudier les traductions françaises de l’OS. Notre étude s’inscrivant dans un axe de recherche qui s’intéresse aux modes de conceptualisation métaphorique en usage dans les domaines biomédicaux, ainsi qu’aux problèmes de traduction qu’ils soulèvent, nous avons choisi de nous concentrer plus particulièrement sur les modes de conceptualisation métaphorique présents dans le texte de l'OS, et sur la manière dont ils ont été traduits en français. Pour mener à bien ce projet, nous avons élaboré une méthodologie à partir de celle déjà utilisée avec succès dans des études antérieures menées au sein du même axe de recherche que le nôtre. En plus de l’annotation et l’interrogation informatisée de notre corpus, cette méthodologie consiste en la mise en relation, au plan informatique, de plusieurs traductions d’un même texte. De par sa complexité technique, son élaboration constitue l’un des objectifs majeurs de notre étude. Les résultats obtenus nous ont permis de confirmer deux de nos trois hypothèses : 1) la totalité des modes de conceptualisation identifiés dans notre corpus anglais se retrouvent également dans chacune des traductions, et 2) aucun mode de conceptualisation métaphorique ne peut être dégagé des traductions françaises qui n’est pas déjà présent dans l’original anglais. En plus de nous permettre de comparer chaque traduction à l’original anglais, ces résultats nous ont également permis de comparer entre elles les différentes traductions françaises de l’OS. Ce mémoire de maîtrise comporte six chapitres, qui correspondent tour à tour à : notre cadre théorique, l'état de la question, nos hypothèses et nos objectifs, notre méthodologie, nos résultats et la discussion de ces résultats. / In 1859, prominent British naturalist Charles Darwin published On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life (OS). In this book, Darwin introduces his theory of evolution. Since its inception, however, the Darwinian theory of evolution has been shrouded in controversy, rejected outright by some (proponents of creationism, intelligent design, etc.) or highjacked by others (proponents of eugenics, social Darwinism, etc.). Yet the profound impact of the theory extends well beyond the English-speaking world. Despite this, the French translations of this important book have rarely been studied. Therefore, in the current study, we have chosen to fill this gap and study the French translations of the OS. Our study is conducted within a framework that is mainly concerned with conceptual metaphors in biomedical discourse, as well as the problems they cause in the process of translation. We have thus chosen to focus on the identification of conceptual metaphors in the OS, and the ways in which they were translated into French. For this project, we developed a methodology involving the electronic annotation and interrogation of our corpus, namely the OS and its French translation. It also involves the creation of electronic links between a translation and its source text. This methodology is based on a previous one, already used successfully in other studies. Due to its complexity, its development constitutes one of the major objectives of our study. The results thus obtained have made it possible to confirm two of our three hypotheses: 1) all conceptual metaphors identified in the original English text of the OS can be found in each of the French translations, and 2) no conceptual metaphor can be found in any of the French translations that is not already present in the original English text. The results obtained allowed us to compare each translation to the original text, but also to compare the translation amongst themselves. This Master’s thesis includes six chapters, which correspond in turn to our: theoretical framework, literature review, hypotheses and objectives, methodology, results, and discussion.

Dans le domaine de la biologie contemporaine, une attention grandissante est portée aux associations biologiques positives, telles que la symbiose, ce qui vient nuancer la perception traditionnellement « compétitive » de l’évolution. Parallèlement à l’engouement actuel que manifestent les chercheurs pour la coopération biologique, ce mémoire vise à pousser plus avant les recherches historiques concernant l’intégration de tels phénomènes dans l’œuvre de Charles Darwin. Plus spécifiquement, nous souhaitons examiner comment Darwin est parvenu à articuler l’aspect compétitif de l’évolution par sélection naturelle avec l’existence de phénomènes coopératifs. En ce sens, la première partie de ce mémoire aura pour objet le concept darwinien de compétition, et son lien théorique avec la sélection naturelle. La seconde partie concernera l’intégration de la coopération biologique à la théorie de l’évolution par sélection naturelle. Par ces deux moments, nous espérons montrer que Darwin parvient à concilier l’existence d’interactions compétitives et coopératives sans contredire les principes théoriques à la base de l’évolution. / In the field of contemporary biology, growing attention is being paid to positive biological associations, such as symbiosis, which seem to qualify the traditional view of evolution as a “competitive” process. In tandem with researchers’ current enthusiasm for biological cooperation, this thesis aims to extend historical research concerning the integration of such phenomena in the works of Charles Darwin. More precisely, we wish to examine how Darwin was able to articulate the competitive component of evolution by natural selection with the existence of cooperative phenomena. Thus, the first part of this thesis will deal with the concept of Darwinian competition and its theoretical link with natural selection. The second part will concern the integration of biological cooperation into the theory. By these two steps, we wish to show that Darwin manages to reconcile competitive interactions with the existence of cooperative associations, yet without contradicting the theoretical principles underlying the theory of evolution by natural selection.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vivian Catarina Dias.pdf: 16086007 bytes, checksum: 6a5f546b854fa268d7eb63cefb940bd8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Since childhood Charles Darwin showed an interest for the natural world. In his youth he developed that passion into an object of study travelling around the world onboard of The Beagle. The contact with unique species like the ones found in Galapagos Islands, the fossils discovered in South America, the experiences he lived and a extensive reseach during more than twenty years after his return to England made him think about a common link between the species, that lead him to publish The origin of species in 1859 and The expression of emotions in man and animals in 1872, along with other works and articles on the most diverse subjects, such as Diary of a naturalist around the world. In The origin of species he stated that the species are mutable and linked by the proccess of communion of ascendancy , fruits from the same tree of life. Forging the recreation of human history and its relocation in the natural world, the essays in The expression of emotions in man and animals widened the statement about the evolution of species pointing that humans share emotions and feelings with other species of animals. The implosion of the concept of human initiated with the darwinian facts opened new horizons for sciences such as anthropology to rethink the trajectory of the living beings and the borderlines between culture and animality. Notwithstanding, go beyond frontiers and enrich the critic, scientific, ethic and poetic repertoire is a really dificult task. Despite the relevance of the Darwinian Works, the contact with them is through indirect ways: cartoons, films and fiction, whose contents rarely approach the issue in all its depth / Desde a infância, Charles Darwin demonstrou interesse pelo mundo natural. Na juventude, transformou essa paixão em objeto de estudo viajando ao redor do mundo no navio Beagle. O contato com espécies únicas como as encontradas nas Ilhas Galápagos; os fósseis achados na América do Sul; as experiências adquiridas, e uma extensa pesquisa realizada por mais de vinte anos após o retorno à Inglaterra, levaram-no a pensar na filiação comum das espécies, desdobrando no lançamento de A origem das espécies (1859) e A expressão das emoções no homem e nos animais (1872), além de outras obras e artigos sobre os mais variados assuntos, como o Diário de um naturalista à volta do mundo. Em A origem das espécies, enunciou que as espécies são mutáveis e vinculadas pelo processo da comunhão de descendência , frutos da mesma árvore da vida. Forjando a recriação da história humana e sua realocação no mundo natural, os estudos de A expressão das emoções no homem e nos animais ampliaram o enunciado sobre a evolução das espécies, indicando que humanos compartilham emoções e sentimentos com outras espécies animais. A implosão do conceito de humano iniciada com os fatos darwinianos abriu outros horizontes para as ciências, incluindo a antropologia, repensarem a trajetória dos seres vivos e as fronteiras entre cultura e animalidade. Contudo, transpor limiares e enriquecer o repertório crítico, científico, ético, poético, mostra-se tarefa deveras espinhosa. Apesar da relevância das obras darwinianas, o contato com elas dá-se por vias indiretas: charges, filmes, ficção, cujos conteúdos, raramente, as abordam em todo seu alcance

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Enezio Eugenio de Almeida Filho.pdf: 4288341 bytes, checksum: 6d7c3e5e0f23728ac321058b96f617c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-17 / Discovery Institute - Center for Science and Culture / This research follows the line of History and Theory of Science that has as a goal to explain the construction of scientific thought by discussing the foundation of hypotheses and theories within their historical contexts. The goal of this thesis is to analyze Mivart´s critiques and Darwin´s answers, and to verify if they were scientifically well formulated and based considering the scientific context of that time. The reason for writing this work is an attempt to fill a gap in the History of Science about the scientific controversy between Mivart and Darwin on the role of natural selection in the origin of species. This work´s hypotheses are two: that Mivart´s critiques, despite being religiously motivated, were plausible scientifically, and that Darwin answered them fully. This research analyzes the primary sources of Mivart (Genesis of species) and Darwin's Origin of Species, and other secondary sources. The result reached was that Mivart´s critiques were indeed scientific, and that Darwin answered them according to the evidences and scientific knowledge then available / Esta pesquisa segue a linha de História e Teoria da Ciência que objetiva trazer esclarecimentos sobre a construção do pensamento científico através da discussão da fundamentação de hipóteses e teorias dentro do seu contexto histórico. O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar as críticas de Mivart e as respostas dadas por Darwin, e verificar se elas estavam bem formuladas e fundamentadas cientificamente considerando-se o contexto científico daquela época. A justificativa para a realização desta trabalho é tentar preencher uma lacuna em História da Ciência sobre a controvérsia científica entre Mivart e Darwin sobre o papel da seleção natural na origem das espécies. As hipóteses deste trabalho são duas: as críticas de Mivart, apesar de terem sido religiosamente fundamentadas, eram cientificamente plausíveis, e Darwin as respondeu satisfatoriamente. O aspecto teórico-metodológico foi a análise das fontes primárias de Mivart (Genesis of species) e de Darwin (Origin of species), e outras fontes secundárias. O resultado obtido foi que as críticas de Mivart eram científicas, e que Darwin respondeu-as conforme as evidências e o conhecimento científico da época

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Moreno Castilho.pdf: 1212881 bytes, checksum: 82b2800cd48eb04a8d3b3f4663ac6d69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-21 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / Among the books written by Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) the Origin of species (1859) is the best known. However, in such book he did not deal with man. He had dealt with this subject in two books which were published later: The expression of emotions in man and animals (1872) and The descent of man (1871). This dissertation aims to elucidate if Darwin had presented the same ways of modification of the species in The origin of species and The expression of emotions in man and animals. It will be also taken into account some conceptions presented by him in The descent of man. This study contains an introduction and three chapters. Chapter 1 deals with some of Darwin s contributions offering an overview of the main ways of modification found in the Origin of species. Chapter 2 analyses the ways of modification of species found in The expression of emotions in man and animals. Chapter 3 offers a comparison between the conceptions found in both books as well as providing some final remarks on the subject. This study led to the conclusion that the ways of modification of species proposed in both books are the same: natural selection, sexual selection, inheritance of acquired characteristics. Besides that, it may be found an analogy between natural and artificial selection in both of them. However, in The expression of emotions in man and animals Darwin stressed the role of the inheritance of acquired characteristics in order to explain some patterns of behaviour in man and other animals. It can also be pointed out that several conceptions found in The Expression had inspired some more recent works contributing for the building of the discipline Ethology, in the 1960 s / Dentre os livros escritos por Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882), o Origem das espécies (1859) é o mais conhecido. Entretanto, nesta obra ele não lidou com o homem. Ele tratou deste assunto em duas obras que publicou posteriormente: na Expressão das emoções no homem e nos animais (1872) e na Origem do homem (1871). O objetivo desta dissertação é elucidar se Darwin apresentou os mesmos meios de modificação das espécies nessas duas obras. Serão também consideradas as concepções apresentadas na Origem do homem. Esta dissertação contém uma introdução e três capítulos. O capítulo 1 trata de algumas contribuições de Darwin oferecendo uma visão geral dos principais meios de modificação das espécies encontrados no Origem das espécies. O capítulo 2 analisa os meios de modificação das espécies encontrados no livro Expressão das emoções no homem e nos animais. O capítulo 3 apresenta uma comparação das concepções encontradas nos dois livros bem como algumas considerações finais sobre o assunto. Este estudo levou à conclusão de que os meios de modificação das espécies apresentados nas duas obras consideradas são os mesmos: seleção natural, seleção sexual, herança de caracteres adquiridos pelo uso e desuso. Entretanto, na Expressão das emoções no homem e nos animais, Darwin enfatizou o papel da herança de caracteres adquiridos para explicar alguns padrões de comportamento no homem e em outros animais. Pode ser também apontado que diversas concepções encontradas no livro Expressão das emoções no homem e nos animais serviram de inspiração para trabalhos mais recentes contribuindo para a construção da disciplina Etologia, na década de 1960

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:55:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vivian Catarina Dias.pdf: 16086007 bytes, checksum: 6a5f546b854fa268d7eb63cefb940bd8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Since childhood Charles Darwin showed an interest for the natural world. In his youth he developed that passion into an object of study travelling around the world onboard of The Beagle. The contact with unique species like the ones found in Galapagos Islands, the fossils discovered in South America, the experiences he lived and a extensive reseach during more than twenty years after his return to England made him think about a common link between the species, that lead him to publish The origin of species in 1859 and The expression of emotions in man and animals in 1872, along with other works and articles on the most diverse subjects, such as Diary of a naturalist around the world. In The origin of species he stated that the species are mutable and linked by the proccess of communion of ascendancy , fruits from the same tree of life. Forging the recreation of human history and its relocation in the natural world, the essays in The expression of emotions in man and animals widened the statement about the evolution of species pointing that humans share emotions and feelings with other species of animals. The implosion of the concept of human initiated with the darwinian facts opened new horizons for sciences such as anthropology to rethink the trajectory of the living beings and the borderlines between culture and animality. Notwithstanding, go beyond frontiers and enrich the critic, scientific, ethic and poetic repertoire is a really dificult task. Despite the relevance of the Darwinian Works, the contact with them is through indirect ways: cartoons, films and fiction, whose contents rarely approach the issue in all its depth / Desde a infância, Charles Darwin demonstrou interesse pelo mundo natural. Na juventude, transformou essa paixão em objeto de estudo viajando ao redor do mundo no navio Beagle. O contato com espécies únicas como as encontradas nas Ilhas Galápagos; os fósseis achados na América do Sul; as experiências adquiridas, e uma extensa pesquisa realizada por mais de vinte anos após o retorno à Inglaterra, levaram-no a pensar na filiação comum das espécies, desdobrando no lançamento de A origem das espécies (1859) e A expressão das emoções no homem e nos animais (1872), além de outras obras e artigos sobre os mais variados assuntos, como o Diário de um naturalista à volta do mundo. Em A origem das espécies, enunciou que as espécies são mutáveis e vinculadas pelo processo da comunhão de descendência , frutos da mesma árvore da vida. Forjando a recriação da história humana e sua realocação no mundo natural, os estudos de A expressão das emoções no homem e nos animais ampliaram o enunciado sobre a evolução das espécies, indicando que humanos compartilham emoções e sentimentos com outras espécies animais. A implosão do conceito de humano iniciada com os fatos darwinianos abriu outros horizontes para as ciências, incluindo a antropologia, repensarem a trajetória dos seres vivos e as fronteiras entre cultura e animalidade. Contudo, transpor limiares e enriquecer o repertório crítico, científico, ético, poético, mostra-se tarefa deveras espinhosa. Apesar da relevância das obras darwinianas, o contato com elas dá-se por vias indiretas: charges, filmes, ficção, cujos conteúdos, raramente, as abordam em todo seu alcance