<p>Idag satsas allt mer på stödboenden i olika former och man föredrar placeringar i närmiljö. Föreliggande studie syftar till att undersöka ungdomars livssituation minst ett år efter avslutad placering på Kollbo, ett stödboende tillhörande Ungdoms- och familjeenheten i Örebro kommun. Syftet är vidare att undersöka vilka komponenter i verksamheten ungdomarna har uppfattat som positiva respektive negativa, samt att se hur deras uppfattningar överensstämmer med personalgruppens. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och bygger på intervjuer med ungdomar samt ordinarie anställda på Kollbo. Intervjuguiderna har utformats utifrån studiens syfte, verksamhetsbeskrivning samt tidigare forskning. Av resultatet framkommer att de komponenter ungdomarna menar har haft en positiv inverkan är personalens generella stöd och tillgänglighet och särskilt kontaktpersonen har haft stor betydelse. De är positiva till de regler som fanns och menade att personalgruppen var sammansvetsad och konsekvent. Flera respondenter upplever att Kollbos personal genom sitt stöd har haft del i att deras relationer med familjen förbättrats. Den komponent som framför allt uppfattades ha en negativ påverkan var tillämpningen av avvisning som konsekvens för regelbrott. Detta var även den komponent om vilken uppfattningarna i ungdoms- respektive personalgrupp skilde sig åt i störst utsträckning. Resultatet visar att ungdomarna, med ett undantag, idag är nöjda med sin livssituation. Majoriteten menar att placeringen har gjort en avgörande skillnad för deras nuvarande situation.</p> / <p>Today there is an increased use of supportive residential homes of different types and placements close to home are preferred. The purpose of this study is to examine the present situation of youths at least one year after completing their placement at Kollbo, a supportive residential home within the social welfare service of Örebro municipality. The purpose is also to examine which components have been regarded as positive respectively negative by the youths and how their views agree with the staff’s. The study has a qualitative approach and is based on interviews with youths and the regular staff at Kollbo. The interview guides have been formulated on the basis of the study’s aim, the statement of activity and previous research. The results of the study show that the components that have been positively regarded by the youths are the general support and availability provided by the staff and especially their contact person have had a special meaning to them. They are also in favour of the rules and have experienced the staff as united and consistent. Several respondents’ experience is that the staff at Kollbo has had an active part in helping to improve the youths’ family relations by their support. The component regarded as having the most negative influence was the use of refuse of entry as a consequence of breaking the rules. This was also the component were the staff’s and youths’ opinions differed the most. The result further shows that the youths, with the exception of one person, are pleased with their present life situation. The majority believes that the placement has made a significant difference for their present situation.</p>

Idag satsas allt mer på stödboenden i olika former och man föredrar placeringar i närmiljö. Föreliggande studie syftar till att undersöka ungdomars livssituation minst ett år efter avslutad placering på Kollbo, ett stödboende tillhörande Ungdoms- och familjeenheten i Örebro kommun. Syftet är vidare att undersöka vilka komponenter i verksamheten ungdomarna har uppfattat som positiva respektive negativa, samt att se hur deras uppfattningar överensstämmer med personalgruppens. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och bygger på intervjuer med ungdomar samt ordinarie anställda på Kollbo. Intervjuguiderna har utformats utifrån studiens syfte, verksamhetsbeskrivning samt tidigare forskning. Av resultatet framkommer att de komponenter ungdomarna menar har haft en positiv inverkan är personalens generella stöd och tillgänglighet och särskilt kontaktpersonen har haft stor betydelse. De är positiva till de regler som fanns och menade att personalgruppen var sammansvetsad och konsekvent. Flera respondenter upplever att Kollbos personal genom sitt stöd har haft del i att deras relationer med familjen förbättrats. Den komponent som framför allt uppfattades ha en negativ påverkan var tillämpningen av avvisning som konsekvens för regelbrott. Detta var även den komponent om vilken uppfattningarna i ungdoms- respektive personalgrupp skilde sig åt i störst utsträckning. Resultatet visar att ungdomarna, med ett undantag, idag är nöjda med sin livssituation. Majoriteten menar att placeringen har gjort en avgörande skillnad för deras nuvarande situation. / Today there is an increased use of supportive residential homes of different types and placements close to home are preferred. The purpose of this study is to examine the present situation of youths at least one year after completing their placement at Kollbo, a supportive residential home within the social welfare service of Örebro municipality. The purpose is also to examine which components have been regarded as positive respectively negative by the youths and how their views agree with the staff’s. The study has a qualitative approach and is based on interviews with youths and the regular staff at Kollbo. The interview guides have been formulated on the basis of the study’s aim, the statement of activity and previous research. The results of the study show that the components that have been positively regarded by the youths are the general support and availability provided by the staff and especially their contact person have had a special meaning to them. They are also in favour of the rules and have experienced the staff as united and consistent. Several respondents’ experience is that the staff at Kollbo has had an active part in helping to improve the youths’ family relations by their support. The component regarded as having the most negative influence was the use of refuse of entry as a consequence of breaking the rules. This was also the component were the staff’s and youths’ opinions differed the most. The result further shows that the youths, with the exception of one person, are pleased with their present life situation. The majority believes that the placement has made a significant difference for their present situation.

Mäns våld mot kvinnor är ett omfattande samhällsproblem, där internationell forskning visar att mäns våld mot kvinnor tenderar att öka under samhällskriser. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om öppenvårdens praktiska arbete med våldsutsatta kvinnor såväl påverkades som förändrades av covid-19-pandemin. Studien syftar också till att undersöka om socialarbetare inom öppenvården upplever att mäns våld mot kvinnor förändrades under pandemin och i så fall hur. Studien baseras på semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem socialarbetare inom öppenvården. För att analysera resultatet har tematisk analys tillämpats, med grund i de teoretiska begreppen handlingsutrymme, organisatorisk resiliens, makt och kontroll samt social isolering. Studien visar att våld gentemot kvinnor ökade och blev grövre under pandemin till följd av de restriktioner som infördes, samtidigt som färre kvinnor sökte hjälp för sin utsatthet under pandemin. Vidare förändrades öppenvårdens praktiska arbete på grund av pandemins restriktioner, gällande ett digitaliserat klientarbete och anpassade arbetssätt. Slutligen konstateras det att öppenvårdens praktiska arbete med våldsutsatta kvinnor återgått till hur det var innan pandemin, samtidigt som nya digitala möjligheter har uppkommit. Våldet har även ökat efter pandemin, vilket medfört att öppenvården idag har ett större fokus på våld samt bristfälliga resurser. / Men's violence against women is an extensive social problem, where international studies implies that men’s violence against women tend to increase during crises in the society.The aim of this study is to examine if the practical work in the open care with female victims of domestic violence was affected and changed due to the covid-19-pandemic. The study also aims to examine whether social workers in the open care experience that men's violence against women changed during the pandemic and if so how. The study is based on semi-structured interviews with five social workers in the open care. Thematic analysis has been applied to analyze the results, based on the theoretical concepts: capacity for action, organizational resilience, power, control and social isolation. The study indicates that the violence increased during the pandemic and was more severe due to the effects of the pandemic restrictions. Furthermore, the study found that although the violence increased, fewer victims sought aid during the pandemic. The pandemic also changed the practical work in the open care, regarding digitized client work and adapted working methods. Finally, the practical work in aid of abused women at the open care has mostly returned to pre-pandemic ways. However, digital opportunities have emerged. The domestic violence has also increased after the pandemic, resulting in a larger focus on violence and lack of resources in the open care today.

Children have the right to participate in matters concerning them. The Swedish Child Welfare Services constitute an arena in which a significant portion of open care interventions for children and their families take place, and thus a context in which children’s participation should be realized. The overall aim of this licentiate thesis is to explore how child participation is constructed in interventions provided by Swedish Child Welfare Services. The study is based on social constructionist theory and includes semi structured interviews with 11 children aged 7-16, whom had experience of receiving open care interventions provided by Swedish Child Welfare Services over a period of time and focus group discussions with 14 family social workers who provide suchlike interventions. The data were analysed using Thematic Analysis.     The first article, which has been published in a peer-review journal, is based on semi structured interviews with the children and focus group discussions with the family social workers. The article explores how child participation is constructed in interventions provided by Swedish Child Welfare Services and which elements are of importance to this process. The results suggest that child participation is a collaborative process in which both the child and the family social worker have an active role to play. Participation is done through a series of seemingly small, everyday actions by the child and the family social worker. By actively asking questions and allowing the child to practice participation and influence the process, the family social workers can, together with the child, work toward increased child participation in interventions.     The second article explores children's actions of participation and how these can be understood in relation to situational constraints using the concept of agency. The article is based on the interviews with the children. The findings suggests that children's actions, as described by the children, are formed in relation to the context. Some actions of participation can be described as permissible and some, when children behave in a way that exceeds the boundaries permitted by their position as children, disturb the existing order. The results suggest there are situational constraints, such as limited range of options available to influence the intervention, limited access to apply for support and limited ways to find new solutions when the children are not satisfied with an intervention.     The overall contribution of the study lies in the enhanced understanding of the collaborative process through which participation is done, as well as the increased knowledge of children’s actions of participation in a social work context. / <p>Paper II in dissertation as manuscript</p><p>Paper II is not included in the fulltext online</p>

The aim of this study was to examine how social services work with home-based solution which aim to replace residential care for children and youth. Furthermore, our intention was to see how social services argue for the interventions through policy documents and interviews. The data consisted of policy documents from eleven municipalities and two interviewees with three professionals. The result of the study was processed through a qualitative content analysis and was analysed in relation to previous research, systems theory and institutional theory. The study presented that social services strive to replace placements with other alternatives at home. Interventions, such as home-based solutions and qualified home-based care and family-oriented methods was central in the study. The analysis of the collected material resulted in three approaches to the case “alterative to placements”: home care, efficiency and eclecticism. Furthermore, it showed that home-based solutions develop in order to receive more financial gains. On the other hand, there is also an uncertainty in the way the interventions should be implemented since they are under process. One conclusion is that it is ambiguous whether home-based solutions aim to replace institutional care or if they apply as supplementary intervention for children and youth. Regardless, the municipalities described that they want to develop comprehensive home-based solutions that enable the child to grow up in his or her home environment, if not for the rights of the child and for the parents, for a sustainable social service. / Syftet med fallstudien var att undersöka hur socialtjänsten i Sveriges kommuner argumenterar för öppenvårdsinsatser som ett alternativ till placeringar av barn och unga. Vidare har intentionen varit att undersöka hur socialtjänsten genom måldokument och intervjuer argumenterar för sina insatser. Som datainsamlingsmetod användes elva måldokument följt av två intervjuer med tre informanter. Studiens resultat bearbetades genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys och analyserades i relation till tidigare forskning, systemteori samt institutionell teori. Resultatet utgörs av en fallbeskrivning bestående av tre förhållningssätt till ”alternativ till placering”: vård på hemmaplan, kostnadseffektivisering och eklektism. Studien visade att socialtjänsten har ett flertal insatser att tillgå för att minska placeringar men att insatserna varierar mellan kommunerna. Det framgick att kommuner framförallt vill tillämpa omfattande öppna insatser på hemmaplan för att ersätta placering utanför det egna hemmet. Begrepp som hemmaplanslösningar och kvalificerad vård på hemmaplan återfinns i måldokumenten där kommunerna skriver att de vill utveckla och implementera familjeorienterade metoder. Vidare beskriver kommunerna att utvecklingen av insatser på hemmaplan är kopplade till mindre kostnader för kommunerna. Dessutom framgick det att öppenvårdsinsatser är under en pågående process och att det finns en otydlighet kring hur insatserna ska genomföras. Slutsatsen är att det är tvetydigt om öppenvårdsinsatser används i syfte att ersätta institutionsvård eller om de tillämpas som kompletterande insatser till barn och unga. Oavsett fanns det i det insamlade materialet en beskrivning av att utveckla omfattande öppenvårdsinsatser som möjliggör att barnet kan växa upp i sin hemmiljö, om inte för barnets bästa, för att resurserna ska räcka till.