Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-31T14:02:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_2014_12_19_Michelle Hofmann Dourado.pdf: 6045933 bytes, checksum: b87585642739965e8958d3741471cc9a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-31T14:02:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_2014_12_19_Michelle Hofmann Dourado.pdf: 6045933 bytes, checksum: b87585642739965e8958d3741471cc9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-19 / O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e analisar os possíveis fatores que podem promover alterações nos fluxos de caixa planejados de empreendimentos habitacionais de uma construtora de grande porte em Recife. Trata-se de um estudo de caso qualitativo onde foram comparados e analisados os fluxos de caixa previstos e realizados de três empreendimentos habitacionais, concluídos no ano de 2013, escolhidos propositalmente para análise da metodologia utilizada em suas projeções. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas e pesquisa documental e por meio deles foi possível concluir que o método de projeção utilizado gerou grandes distorções entre os fluxos de caixa planejados e realizados destes empreendimentos. Dentre estas distorções foi possível destacar os desvios causados pela utilização da curva de evolução física de obra para projeção dos desembolsos referentes ao custo de obra, os desvios relacionados a falha na projeção dos repasses de clientes e o efeito da complexidade, singularidade e prazo dos projetos nestas projeções. / The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the possible factors that may cause changes in planned cash flows of housing developments from a large construction company in Recife. This is a qualitative case study that compared and analyzed estimated and realized cash flows of tree housing projects completed in 2013. These projects where purposely selected to have their projections methodology analyzed. The Data for this study was obtained via personal interviews and Documentary research. Through the data analysis it was possible to conclude that the utilized projection method generated major distortions between planned and realized cash flows for these businesses. Among these distortions it was possible to highlight the deviations caused by the use of physical evolution curve of construction for disbursements projections related to the cost of building, the deviations related to failure in the projection of customer transfers, and the effects of complexity, uniqueness and term of projects in these projections.

會計盈餘的產生係根據應計基礎，應計會計程序預期會緩和時間性及配合性的問題，而繼美國財務會計準則公報第九十五號公布二年後，國內於民國七十八年十二月發布財務會計準則公報第十七號『現金流量表』，故本研究探討盈餘與現金流量究竟何者較能解釋股票報酬，應計會計程序所扮演的角色為何？本研究首先分析不同累計期間下盈餘與現金流量和股票報酬的關聯性，以及，在不同運用資金的變異性及營業循環期間下，盈餘與現金流量對股票報酬的解釋力，俾瞭解盈餘與現金流量基本財務資料，在投資人決策制定過程中所扮演的角色，以及何者為解釋股票報酬的良好指標。 　　本研究係由探討國內外相關文獻，並參酌國內環境，加以延伸，蒐集民國七十五年至八十二年的資料，以Pooling方法分析，比較盈餘與現金流量和股票報酬的關聯性，進一步使用Vuong Z-statistic從事測試工作。 　　經由實證結果，本研究獲致如下的結論： 　　1、在短的報導期間下，盈餘和股票報酬的關聯性並未較現金流量強，而淨現金流量對股票報酬的解釋力隨著期間的增加而增加。 　　2、在不同的報導期間下，當公司有重大應計數時，盈餘對股票報酬的解釋力並未較現金流量佳。 　　3、當公司及產業的營業循環期間愈長，非現金流量的運用資金變異性愈大，達顯著水準，惟其並不影響盈餘與現金流量對股票報酬的解釋力。

This thesis presents a first real world case-study of road transport operations that use the COVER format, in which the driver and the vehicle are regarded as separate entities. This format enables a complex representation of the transport operation that potentially better describe reality compared to the conventional representation used in today’s certification tools. The representation of operations treated in this thesis is called Operating Cycles and has been used to fully describe three representative transport missions from a case-study truck. Stochastically generated operating cycles have been used to create a large data set and thus prevent overfitting of specific cycles. The Operating Cycle-representation allowed for fair comparison between vehicle designs and ultimately manifested a vehicle composition that reduced the fuel consumption by nearly 10% for the same kind of transport operations.

År 2002 startades ett gemensamt harmoniseringsprojekt, Norwalk-agreement, mellan IASB och FASB. Projektet bottnade i ett behov av att lättare kunna jämföra internationella företag samt att bemöta komplexiteten kring intäktsredovisning. Av Norwalk-agreement framställdes IFRS 15 vilken är den nya internationella redovisningsstandarden för intäkter. IFRS 15 kommer träda i kraft 1:e januari 2018 och ersätter alla tidigare standarder vad gäller intäkter från försäljning av varor och tjänster.Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga eventuella skillnader som kan uppstå i och med att en ny standard för intäkter implementeras. Studien kommer fokusera på intäkter som härrör från försäljning av varor och tjänster och undersöka vilka konsekvenser detta kan få på företagsbeskattning, intressenter och särskilda nyckeltal. Studien kommer även undersöka om den goda redovisningsseden i Sverige påverkas. För att uppnå studiens syfte har fyra typfall konstruerats vilka blivit inspirerade av svenska rättskällor. Dessa typfall har i sin tur analyserats genom att tillämpa standarderna IFRS 15 och IAS 18. Metoden för studien är en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med abduktiv ansats och studien är av förutsägande karaktär.Studiens typfall och resultat visar på att implementeringen av IFRS 15 kommer ge förändringar vid vilken tidpunkt redovisning ska ske av varor och tjänster vilket föranleds av en förändring av kriterierna för recognition. Detta ger upphov till att företagsbeskattning, nyckeltal samt utdelningsmöjligheter förändras vilka i sin tur påverkar intressenternas relation till företag. Vidare visar resultatet att en möjlig förändring av god redovisningssed föreligger.Slutligen visar studien på att IFRS 15 är en mindre principbaserad standard där den så kallade femstegsmodellen erbjuder en mer omfattande vägledning än nuvarande intäktsstandard IAS 18. / In 2002, a joint harmonization project, the Norwalk Agreement, was initiated by the IASB and FASB. The project was based on the need to more easily compare international companies and to address the complexity of revenue recognition. The Norwalk Agreement resulted in IFRS 15, which is the new international accounting standard for revenue. The new standard, IFRS 15, will come into effect on January 1 2018 and supersedes all previous standards regarding revenue from sales of goods and services.The purpose of this study is to identify possible differences that may arise as a new standard of revenue is implemented. The study will focus on revenue derived from sales of goods and services and investigate the impact this may have on corporate taxation, stakeholders and selected key performance indicators. The study will also investigate whether generally accepted accounting principles in Sweden is affected. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, four theoretical example cases have been constructed that have been inspired by Swedish sources of law. These example cases have been analysed by applying IFRS 15 and IAS 18. The methodology of the study is a qualitative content analysis with abductive character and is a predictive study.The empirical findings of the study indicate that the implementation of IFRS 15 will give rise to changes in the reporting of goods and services resulting from a change of recognition. This impacts corporate taxation, key ratios and dividend opportunities, which in turn affects stakeholder relationships with companies. Furthermore, the findings show that a possiblechange in generally accepted accounting principles in Sweden is at hand.Finally, the study shows that IFRS 15 is a less principle-based standard where the so-called five-step model offers more comprehensive guidance than the current revenue standard IAS 18.This paper is written in Swedish.