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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Involvement of N-type voltage dependent calcium channels in axon degeneration during experimental autoimmune optic neuritis / Uloga N-tipa voltazno zavisnih kalcijumskih kanala u degeneraciji aksona tokom eksperimentalnog autoimunog optickog neuritisa

Gadjanski, Ivana 31 October 2007 (has links)
No description available.
12

Quantificação da perda neural retiniana na esclerose múltipla e na neuromielite óptica com a tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio Fourier / Quantification of retinal neural loss in multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica using Fourier domain optical coherence tomography

Fernandes, Danilo Botelho 01 July 2013 (has links)
OBJETIVO: Utilizar a tomografia de coerência óptica (TCO) de domínio Fourier para avaliar as camadas internas da retina de olhos de pacientes com esclerose múltipla (EM) ou neuromielite óptica (NMO), com ou sem história de neurite óptica (NO), e compará-los entre si e com os olhos de controles normais. Investigar a correlação entre os achados da TCO e os achados do campo visual nesse grupo de pacientes. MÉTODOS: Cento e oitenta e dois indivíduos foram estudados incluindo 74 com diagnóstico de EM, 33 com NMO, 30 com mielite transversa aguda longitudinal extensa (MTALE) e 45 controles normais. Todos os indivíduos foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico completo incluindo a perimetria computadorizada e a TCO de domínio Fourier. Os olhos estudados foram divididos em 5 grupos: olhos de pacientes com EM e episódio prévio de neurite óptica (EM-NO) olhos de pacientes com EM sem episódio prévio de neurite óptica (EM-sNO), olhos de pacientes com NMO e história de neurite olhos de pacientes com MTALE e olhos de controles normais. Foram analisadas as seguintes medidas obtidas pela TCO: a espessura da camada de fibras nervosas retiniana (CFNR) peri-papilar, a espessura macular total (EMT) avaliada em 8 setores de acordo com o mapa do \"Early Treatment Diabetes Retinopathy Treatment Trial\" e medidas segmentadas da CFNR na mácula, da camada de células ganglionares (CCG), camada nuclear interna (CNI). Os resultados da perimetria foram avaliados levando em consideração o \" mean deviation ( desvio médio)\" (MD) e os valores de diferentes regiões do campo visual divididos de acordo com a sua correspondência no disco óptico seguindo o mapa de Garway-Heath. A comparação dos achados entre os diferentes grupos foi feita usando modelos \"generalized estimated equations\" (GEE) de tal forma a fazer a compensação pela interdependência dos dois olhos de um mesmo indivíduo. Foram também calculadas e comparadas as áreas sob as áreas sob as curvas ROC (\"Receiver operating characteristics\") nos diferentes grupos. Foram calculadas as correlações de Spearman ou Pearson dependendo da distribuição dos valores. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa em relação à idade média e à distribuição dos pacientes quanto ao sexo nos 5 grupos estudados. Quando comparados ao grupo controle, os 4 grupos de olhos dos doentes apresentaram a espessura da CFNR peri-papilar e a CFNR macular significativamente menor que as medidas dos controles normais. Em relação à CCG e à EMT, os grupos NMO, EM-NO e EM-sNO apresentaram espessura estatisticamente menor que os controles enquanto que no grupo MTALE esta diferença não foi evidenciada. Quando a CNI foi estudada não houve diferença entre os controles e os 2 grupos com EM, enquanto que os grupos NMO e MTALE apresentaram espessura estatisticamente maior que os controles. Os dois grupos com história prévia de NO (NMO e EM-NO) apresentaram a espessura da CFNR peri-papilar e macular, da CCG e da EMT menores do que seus grupos correspondentes sem história prévia de NO (respectivamente MTALE e EM-sNO). Quando os grupos NMO e EM-NO foram comparados entre si não houve diferença de espessura em nenhuma camada exceto na CNI onde o grupo NMO foi estatisticamente mais espesso. Houve correlação entre os achados do TCO e aqueles da campimetria para ambas as doenças e esta correlação foi maior na NMO do que na EM, em especial quando a EMT foi o parâmetro do TCO utilizado na comparação. CONCLUSÕES: A TCO é capaz de demonstrar a perda neural nos doentes com EM ou NMO e evidencia perda neural subclínica tanto em olhos com MTALE como em pacientes com EM, sem história de NO prévia e demonstra aumento da CNI nos olhos de pacientes com NMO ou MTALE. Além do já conhecido mecanismo de lesão do nervo óptico por desmielinização o fato da CNI estar alterada no espectro NMO mostra que outros processos podem estar envolvidos na patogênese destas doenças e que esta camada pode ajudar na diferenciação entre as duas doenças, EM e NMO / PURPOSE: To evaluate, by the using of Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) the retinal inner layers of eyes with or without previous history of optic neuritis (ON) in multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients and compare them with normal controls. To investigate the correlation between the OCT and the visual field fidings. METHODS: One hundred two subjects were studied, 74 diagnosed as MS, 33 as NMO, 30 as longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) and 45 nolmal controls. All patients were submitted to a complete ophthalmic evaluation including automated perimetry and Fourier domain OCT. The studied eyes were divided in 5 groups: eyes of MS patients with previous episodes of optic neuritis (MS-ON, group 1), eyes of MS patients without previous episodes of optic neuritis (MS-nON, group 2), eyes of NMO patients (group 3), eyes of LETM patients (group 4) and eyes of normal controls (group 5). The retinal layers measured by OCT were from the optic nerve, peri-papillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and from the macula: the total macular thickness (TMT), which was sub-divided in 8 sectors according to \"Early treatment diabetic retinopathy study\", and the segmented inner macula layers, RNFL, ganglion cell layer (CGL) and inner nuclear layer (INL). Regard to automated perimetry we analyzed the \"mean deviation\" (MD) and different sectors of the visual field according to their correspondence to Garway-Heath optic nerve map. Generalized estimation equation (GEE) models accounting for age and within-patient, inter-eye correlations, were used to compare the results among different groups. We also compare the area under ROC (receiver operating charactheristics) curve among the different groups. We also compute either Spearman or Pearson correlation according to values distributions. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference among the groups regard to sex or mean age. All 4 diseased groups presented peri-papillary RNFL and macular RNFL thicknesses statistically thinner than normal controls. Regarding to GCL thickness and TMT, the NMO, MS-ON and MS-nON groups were statistically thinner than controls, on the other hand the LETM group was not statistically different. When the INL thickness was studied, there was no statistical difference between controls and both MS groups, whereas the NMO and LETM groups were statistically thicker than controls. Both groups with previous history of ON (NMO and MS-ON) presented peri-papillary RNFL, macular RNFL, GCL and TMT thinner than theirs corresponding groups without previous history of ON (LETM and MS-nON, respectively). When NMO and MS-ON were compared, there was no statistical difference in any layer, except the INL, which was thicker in NMO group. There was statistical correlation between OCT and automated perimetry findings for both, MS and NMO, diseases and the correlation was bigger in NMO, particularly when TMT was the OCT parameter used. CONCLUSION: The OCT is able to demonstrate the neural loss in MS and NMO patients and it also shows sub-clinical neural loss in LETM and MS-nON patients. Besides the already known mechanism of optic nerve injury caused by demyelination, the presence of a abnormal INL in the NMO and LETM patients suggest that different processes may be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases and also that the INL may help differentiating between NMO and MS
13

Quantificação da perda neural retiniana na esclerose múltipla e na neuromielite óptica com a tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio Fourier / Quantification of retinal neural loss in multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica using Fourier domain optical coherence tomography

Danilo Botelho Fernandes 01 July 2013 (has links)
OBJETIVO: Utilizar a tomografia de coerência óptica (TCO) de domínio Fourier para avaliar as camadas internas da retina de olhos de pacientes com esclerose múltipla (EM) ou neuromielite óptica (NMO), com ou sem história de neurite óptica (NO), e compará-los entre si e com os olhos de controles normais. Investigar a correlação entre os achados da TCO e os achados do campo visual nesse grupo de pacientes. MÉTODOS: Cento e oitenta e dois indivíduos foram estudados incluindo 74 com diagnóstico de EM, 33 com NMO, 30 com mielite transversa aguda longitudinal extensa (MTALE) e 45 controles normais. Todos os indivíduos foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico completo incluindo a perimetria computadorizada e a TCO de domínio Fourier. Os olhos estudados foram divididos em 5 grupos: olhos de pacientes com EM e episódio prévio de neurite óptica (EM-NO) olhos de pacientes com EM sem episódio prévio de neurite óptica (EM-sNO), olhos de pacientes com NMO e história de neurite olhos de pacientes com MTALE e olhos de controles normais. Foram analisadas as seguintes medidas obtidas pela TCO: a espessura da camada de fibras nervosas retiniana (CFNR) peri-papilar, a espessura macular total (EMT) avaliada em 8 setores de acordo com o mapa do \"Early Treatment Diabetes Retinopathy Treatment Trial\" e medidas segmentadas da CFNR na mácula, da camada de células ganglionares (CCG), camada nuclear interna (CNI). Os resultados da perimetria foram avaliados levando em consideração o \" mean deviation ( desvio médio)\" (MD) e os valores de diferentes regiões do campo visual divididos de acordo com a sua correspondência no disco óptico seguindo o mapa de Garway-Heath. A comparação dos achados entre os diferentes grupos foi feita usando modelos \"generalized estimated equations\" (GEE) de tal forma a fazer a compensação pela interdependência dos dois olhos de um mesmo indivíduo. Foram também calculadas e comparadas as áreas sob as áreas sob as curvas ROC (\"Receiver operating characteristics\") nos diferentes grupos. Foram calculadas as correlações de Spearman ou Pearson dependendo da distribuição dos valores. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa em relação à idade média e à distribuição dos pacientes quanto ao sexo nos 5 grupos estudados. Quando comparados ao grupo controle, os 4 grupos de olhos dos doentes apresentaram a espessura da CFNR peri-papilar e a CFNR macular significativamente menor que as medidas dos controles normais. Em relação à CCG e à EMT, os grupos NMO, EM-NO e EM-sNO apresentaram espessura estatisticamente menor que os controles enquanto que no grupo MTALE esta diferença não foi evidenciada. Quando a CNI foi estudada não houve diferença entre os controles e os 2 grupos com EM, enquanto que os grupos NMO e MTALE apresentaram espessura estatisticamente maior que os controles. Os dois grupos com história prévia de NO (NMO e EM-NO) apresentaram a espessura da CFNR peri-papilar e macular, da CCG e da EMT menores do que seus grupos correspondentes sem história prévia de NO (respectivamente MTALE e EM-sNO). Quando os grupos NMO e EM-NO foram comparados entre si não houve diferença de espessura em nenhuma camada exceto na CNI onde o grupo NMO foi estatisticamente mais espesso. Houve correlação entre os achados do TCO e aqueles da campimetria para ambas as doenças e esta correlação foi maior na NMO do que na EM, em especial quando a EMT foi o parâmetro do TCO utilizado na comparação. CONCLUSÕES: A TCO é capaz de demonstrar a perda neural nos doentes com EM ou NMO e evidencia perda neural subclínica tanto em olhos com MTALE como em pacientes com EM, sem história de NO prévia e demonstra aumento da CNI nos olhos de pacientes com NMO ou MTALE. Além do já conhecido mecanismo de lesão do nervo óptico por desmielinização o fato da CNI estar alterada no espectro NMO mostra que outros processos podem estar envolvidos na patogênese destas doenças e que esta camada pode ajudar na diferenciação entre as duas doenças, EM e NMO / PURPOSE: To evaluate, by the using of Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) the retinal inner layers of eyes with or without previous history of optic neuritis (ON) in multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients and compare them with normal controls. To investigate the correlation between the OCT and the visual field fidings. METHODS: One hundred two subjects were studied, 74 diagnosed as MS, 33 as NMO, 30 as longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) and 45 nolmal controls. All patients were submitted to a complete ophthalmic evaluation including automated perimetry and Fourier domain OCT. The studied eyes were divided in 5 groups: eyes of MS patients with previous episodes of optic neuritis (MS-ON, group 1), eyes of MS patients without previous episodes of optic neuritis (MS-nON, group 2), eyes of NMO patients (group 3), eyes of LETM patients (group 4) and eyes of normal controls (group 5). The retinal layers measured by OCT were from the optic nerve, peri-papillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and from the macula: the total macular thickness (TMT), which was sub-divided in 8 sectors according to \"Early treatment diabetic retinopathy study\", and the segmented inner macula layers, RNFL, ganglion cell layer (CGL) and inner nuclear layer (INL). Regard to automated perimetry we analyzed the \"mean deviation\" (MD) and different sectors of the visual field according to their correspondence to Garway-Heath optic nerve map. Generalized estimation equation (GEE) models accounting for age and within-patient, inter-eye correlations, were used to compare the results among different groups. We also compare the area under ROC (receiver operating charactheristics) curve among the different groups. We also compute either Spearman or Pearson correlation according to values distributions. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference among the groups regard to sex or mean age. All 4 diseased groups presented peri-papillary RNFL and macular RNFL thicknesses statistically thinner than normal controls. Regarding to GCL thickness and TMT, the NMO, MS-ON and MS-nON groups were statistically thinner than controls, on the other hand the LETM group was not statistically different. When the INL thickness was studied, there was no statistical difference between controls and both MS groups, whereas the NMO and LETM groups were statistically thicker than controls. Both groups with previous history of ON (NMO and MS-ON) presented peri-papillary RNFL, macular RNFL, GCL and TMT thinner than theirs corresponding groups without previous history of ON (LETM and MS-nON, respectively). When NMO and MS-ON were compared, there was no statistical difference in any layer, except the INL, which was thicker in NMO group. There was statistical correlation between OCT and automated perimetry findings for both, MS and NMO, diseases and the correlation was bigger in NMO, particularly when TMT was the OCT parameter used. CONCLUSION: The OCT is able to demonstrate the neural loss in MS and NMO patients and it also shows sub-clinical neural loss in LETM and MS-nON patients. Besides the already known mechanism of optic nerve injury caused by demyelination, the presence of a abnormal INL in the NMO and LETM patients suggest that different processes may be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases and also that the INL may help differentiating between NMO and MS
14

Immunadsorption bei Patienten mit einer akuten Optikusneuritis im Rahmen der Multiplen Sklerose / Immunoadsorption improves visual impairment in steroid-refractory multiple sclerosis patients with optical neuritis

Tampe, Desiree 19 October 2011 (has links)
No description available.
15

Optická koherenční tomografie u roztroušené sklerózy. / Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis.

Lízrová-Preiningerová, Jana January 2018 (has links)
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), a non-invasive imaging method, is based on an analysis of a near-infrared light deflected from tisssue layers, that provides detailed images of retinal structures. Nerve cells of the retina, that originate from neuroectoderm, reflect neurodegeneration of the central nervous system (CNS), as well as acute damage of nerve structures caused by optic neuritis. The dissertation first presents established imaging protocol and quality standards for SD-OCT imaging in multiple sclerosis (MS). In the following section we introduce SD-OCT as a biomarker in MS. In a multicentric cross-sectional study, we had shown, that a single time measurement of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) has a predictive value for a risk of disease progression in the next five years. Patients with a thickness of RNFL in the lowest tercile of the studied population had a relative risk of disease progression 2x higher than patients in the highest tercile. The second presented study tests whether the history of optic neuritis (ON) in MS is a risk factor for neurodegeneration of RNFL in later years. The study confirmed that long term changes of RNFL thickness in eyes post-ON and in eyes with no history of ON are not different. Therefore, we conclude that both,...
16

Espectro da neuromielite óptica : estudo clínico, imunológico e de neuroimagem / Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders : study of the clinical, immunological and neuroimaging aspects

Silva, Felipe von Glehn, 1978- 22 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Leonilda Maria Barbosa dos Santos, Benito Pereira Damasceno / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T19:26:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_FelipevonGlehn_D.pdf: 6687964 bytes, checksum: 5e92607a118fbc6e4c8085aa93b540a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A Neuromielite óptica (NMO) é uma doença inflamatória e desmielinizante do SNC, de natureza autoimune, caracterizada por surtos graves de neurite óptica e mielite transversa, de evolução mais freqüente na forma recidivante-remitente, com pouca remissão dos déficits entre as crises, altamente incapacitante. A presença do anticorpo anti-aquaporina 4 (anti-AQP4) foi descrito em 73% a 91% dos pacientes com diagnóstico de NMO. Doenças autoimunes podem frequentemente ser desencadeadas após infecções por micro-organismos, como agentes virais. A NMO e a infecção pelo HTLV-1 possuem prevalência coincidentemente elevada em certas áreas do globo, como o Brasil. Com o objetivo de avaliar a associação do HTLV-1 com a NMO, foi pesquisada a presença de anti-AQP4 e anti-HTLV-1 em 34 pacientes com DENMO, 43 pacientes infectados com HTLV-1, assintomáticos ou com a doença mielopatia associada ao HTLV-1 (HAM/TSP) e 23 controles sadios. Nenhum paciente com DENMO apresentou sorologia positiva para HTLV-1. Nenhum paciente infectado pelo HTLV-1 apresentou soropositividade para anti-AQP4. 60% dos casos de DENMO foram positivos para anti-AQP4. Esses resultados sugerem que a mielopatia associada à variante aguda da HAM/TSP e aquela associada ao anticorpo anti-AQP4 são entidades clínicas distintas, e provalvemente, não relacionadas de forma patogênica ao HTLV-1 em nosso meio. O cérebro humano expressa amplamente AQP4, mas estudos anatomopatológicos e de neuroimagem não detectaram lesões corticais desmielinizantes ou infiltrados inflamatórios no DENMO. A fim de avaliar melhor a presença de alterações estruturais nas substâncias cinzenta e branca encefálicas no DENMO, foram estudados 34 pacientes por RNM de 3T e tomografia de coerência óptica retiniana pareados com controles sadios, divididos nas apresentações NMO, mielite transversa longitudinal extensa (MTLE) e neurite óptica (NO), além de soropositivos versus soronegativo para anti-AQP4 e 5 anos ou menos de doença versus mais de 5 anos de doença. Houve maior grau de atrofia retiniana nos grupos NMO e NO, além dos grupos anti-AQP4+ e mais de 5 anos de doença. Foi constatado maior grau de atrofia cortical cerebral e estruturas da substância branca nos grupos NMO e MTLE, anti-AQP4+ e mais de 5 anos de doença. A atrofia retiniana se correlacionou positivamente com a atrofia do lobo occipital. Esses dados sugerem que o DENMO está associado à atrofia de estruturas das substâncias cinzenta e branca cerebrais; que a atrofia não se limita apenas às áreas das vias sensorial, motora e visual, mas é mais difusa; que quanto maior o tempo de doença e a presença do anticorpo anti-AQP4, maior é o grau de atrofia cortical, configurando estes fatores, tempo e anti-AQP4+, como de pior prognóstico; e a correlação positiva entre atrofia da camada de fibras nervosas retinianas e atrofia pericalcarina, além da escala de incapacidade funcional expandida (EDSS), sugere que a degeneração neuronal retrógrada e/ou anterógrada do tipo Walleriana é um importante causador da atrofia cortical no DENMO / Abstract: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) of putative autoimmune aetiology, which is characterized by severe attacks of myelitis and optic neuritis (ON). A relapsing course with rapid accumulation of neurological deficits with little or no remission is common. The NMO is autoimmune in nature and antibodies to Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) are associated with the development of the disease. AQP4 is the most common water channel protein of CNS; present in astrocytes processes, endothelium and piamater meninges. It predominates at some sites of the CNS, as optic nerve, brain stem and gray matter of medulla, the same sites of the usual inflammatory lesions. Autoimmune diseases may be triggered by microorganism infections and NMO and HTLV-1 infection have coincidentally high prevalence in certain areas of the world including Brazil. To study a possible relationship between these two diseases, we determined the seroprevalence of antibodies to AQP4 in 43 patients with HTLV-1 infection, asymptomatic or with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP) and that of HTLV-1 antibodies in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). AQP4ab positivity was found in 60% of NMOSD patients, but in none of the HAM/TSP patients and none of the asymptomatic HTLV-1 infected individuals. Conversely, all AQP4-Ab-positive NMOSD patients were negative for HTLV-1 antibodies. The results argue both against a role of antibodies to AQP4 in the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP and against an association between HTLV-1 infection and the development of AQP4-Ab. Moreover, the absence of HTLV-1 in all patients with NMOSD suggests that HTLV-1 is not a common trigger of acute attacks in patients with AQP4-Ab positive NMOSD in populations with high HTLV-1 seroprevalence. Although AQP4 is also expressed widely in the human brain cortex, beyond the common sites of lesions in NMO, recent studies have found no MRI or histopathological evidence for cortical demyelination. To investigate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) abnormalities in patients with NMO and its incomplete forms, isolated longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and optic neuritis, and to assess the prognostic impact of GM and WM abnormalities in these conditions, we performed both 3T high-resolution T1-weighted and diffusion tensor MRI in thirty-four patients with NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and 34 matched healthy controls. Voxel-based morphometry (SPM8/MATLAB2012b), cortical analyses (Freesurfer), and diffusion tensor imaging analyses (TBSS-FSL) were used to investigate brain abnormalities. In addition, retinal nerve fiber layer was measured by means of optic coherence tomography (OCT). These analyses resulted in following findings: (1) NMOSD is associated with GM and WM atrophy, which encompasses more brain structures than the motor, sensory, and visual pathways; (2) this atrophy is more widespread in patients with NMO and LETM than in patients with ON; (3) the extent of GM atrophy correlates with disease duration, and (4) GM/WM atrophy in NMOSD is more pronounced in AQP4 antibody-seropositive than in -seronegative patients. Furthermore, it was demonstrated for the first time in NMOSD a correlation between RNFL atrophy and GM atrophy in the occipital lobes as assessed by OCT, indicating a role for retrograde degeneration in GM atrophy and suggesting that the extent of brain GM/WM atrophy may be of prognostic relevance in NMOSD / Doutorado / Neurologia / Doutor em Ciências Médicas
17

Função visual e motora ocular na esclerose múltipla / Visual and ocular motor function in multiple sclerosis

Castro, Stella Maris da Costa e, 1960- 19 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Keila Miriam Monteiro de Carvalho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T01:38:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Castro_StellaMarisdaCostae_M.pdf: 2612722 bytes, checksum: d1efcfd03f4ef0eb1389ac569a95728f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A esclerose múltipla é uma doença crônica imunomediada do sistema nervoso central, caracterizada por inflamação, desmielinização e lesão axonal na fase inicial, e desmielinização crônica, degeneração progressiva e perda axonal, atrofia cerebral e gliose na fase crônica. O acometimento do sistema visual e motor ocular são manifestações comuns da doença. O objetivo desse estudo foi observar as alterações relacionadas das funções visuais no período remissivo da doença e sua correlação com as imagens da ressonância magnética. Foram realizadas a avaliação da acuidade visual, do campo visual central computadorizado, da visão cromática e da sensibilidade ao contraste em 48 pacientes com esclerose múltipla recidivante-remitente e em 25 controles. O evento anterior de neurite óptica aguda foi utilizado para classificar os pacientes: 26 com história positiva e 22 com história negativa. A avaliação clínica dos movimentos oculares foi realizada em 60 pacientes e 35 controles. O subgrupo com história de neurite óptica apresentou pior resultado (p<0,05) em todos os testes quando comparado ao grupo controle; o subgrupo sem história de neurite óptica apresentou pior resultado na perimetria estática e na visão de cores. Os dois subgrupos não diferiram entre si nos resultados dos testes visuais. Na avaliação comparativa entre as lesões observadas nas radiações ópticas de 29 pacientes e os índices da perimetria estática, houve associação entre lesões mais extensas e piores índices do campo visual. Na análise dos movimentos oculares, a falha do cancelamento do reflexo vestíbulo ocular, a dismetria sacádica e a presença de movimentos corretivos durante o acompanhamento ocular uniforme, foram as alterações mais freqüentes. O questionário de função visual e o suplemento de itens neuroftalmológicos detectaram pior qualidade de vida visual numa amostra de 41 pacientes com esclerose múltipla em relação a 22 controles. O comprometimento da função visual e motora ocular foi frequente na esclerose múltipla no estágio recidivante-remitente mesmo fora do período agudo da doença. Foi possível observar associação entre os índices da perimetria automatizada e resultados quantitativos das imagens por ressonância magnética. Alterações dos movimentos oculares, próprias do quadro de oftalmoplegia internuclear, puderam ser associadas às lesões do fascículo longitudinal medial / Abstract: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system characterized by inflammatory demyelination and axonal injury in the early phase, as well as chronic demyelination, progressive axonal degeneration and loss, cerebral atrophy and gliosis in the chronic phase. The involvement of the visual and ocular motor systems is a common manifestation of the disease. The objective of this research was to observe the disorders related to visual functions, in the remission phase of the disease, and their correlation to magnetic resonance images. Visual acuity, central automated visual field, color vision, and contrast sensitivity were assessed in 48 relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients and 25 controls. The episode of acute optic neuritis was used to classify the patients: 26 with positive history and 22 without. Careful clinical observation of ocular movements was done in 60 patients and 35 controls. The subgroup with positive history of acute optic neuritis had worse results (p<0.05) compared with the control group; the subgroup with no history of optic neuritis had worse results (p<0.05) in automated perimetry and color vision. Neither of the subgroups differed between one another (p>0.05). In the comparative assessment between optic radiations lesion of 29 patients and perimetric visual fields, there was a relationship between larger lesions and worse visual fields indices. In the examination of eye movements, the failure of the cancellation of vestibular ocular reflex and the presence of corrective movements during pursuit were the most frequent abnormalities. The National Eye Institute 25-Item Visual Functioning Questionnaire and their 10-Item Neuro-Ophthalmic Supplement scores were lower in 42 multiple sclerosis patients compared with 22 controls. The involvement of the visual and ocular motor function was frequent in multiple sclerosis patients in the relapsing remitting phase, even outside of the acute phase of the disease. It was possible to observe a relationship between visual field indices and quantitative measurements of magnetic resonance images. Abnormalities of the ocular movements, suggestive of internuclear ophtalmoplegia were associated with lesions of the medial longitudinal fasciculus / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Doutor em Ciências Médicas
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Utilisation of the structure of the retinal nerve fiber layer and test strategy in visual field examination

Nevalainen, J. (Jukka) 08 June 2010 (has links)
Abstract The aim of this study was to create a mathematical model of the retinal nerve fiber layer and of the entire hill of vision, and to compare different perimetric methods and test grids in the detection of visual field loss in glaucoma and optic neuritis. A mathematical model of the retinal nerve fiber layer was developed, based on traced nerve fiber bundle trajectories extracted from 55 fundus photographs of 55 human subjects. The model resembled the typical retinal nerve fiber layer course within 20° eccentricity from the foveola. The standard deviation of the calculated corresponding angular location at the optic nerve head circumference ranged from less than 1° up to 18° (mean 8.8°). A smooth mathematical model of the hill of vision was created, based on 81 ophthalmologically healthy subjects. The model fit R2 was 0.72. Applying individually condensed test grids in 41 glaucomatous eyes of 41 patients enhanced remarkably the detection of progression. Seven out of 11 (64%) of the progressive scotomata detected by spatially condensed grids would have been missed by the conventional 6° × 6° grid. In 20 eyes of 20 patients with advanced glaucoma, the comparability of visual field areas obtained with semi-automated kinetic perimetry and automated static perimetry was satisfactory and within the range of the test-retest reliability of automated static perimetry. Using a standardized grid of 191 static targets within the central 30° visual field, the most common finding in 100 eyes of 99 patients with acute optic neuritis were central scotomas, accounting for 41% of all visual field defects in affected eyes. In conclusion, a model of the retinal nerve fiber layer was developed, which provided a detailed location specific estimate of the magnitude of the variability on the courses of retinal nerve fiber bundle trajectories in the human retina. A smooth mathematical model of the hill of vision with a satisfactory model fit was described for the 80° visual field. Individually condensed grids enabled the detection of a glaucomatous visual field progression more frequently and also earlier than conventional grids. Semi-automated kinetic perimetry was found to be a valuable alternative to automated static perimetry in monitoring advanced glaucomatous visual field loss. Using a grid with a higher spatial resolution may enhance the detection of small central visual field loss in optic neuritis.
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Die Wirkung eines RGMa-Antikörpers im Optikusneuritis-Modell / The effect of a RGMa antibody in the modell of optic neuritis

Scheumann, Sophia Susanna 03 May 2010 (has links)
No description available.
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Quantitative Analyse retinaler Veränderungen bei nichtglaukomatösen Optikusatrophien mit Hilfe der Optischen Kohärenztomographie

Kühn, Elisabeth 10 June 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Nichtglaukomatöse Optikusatrophien führen nicht nur zu einer Verminderung der Dicke der retinalen Nervenfaserschicht (RNFL) sondern auch zu einer Reduktion des Makulavolumens. In dieser Arbeit wurde mit Hilfe der optischen Kohärenztomographie (OCT) untersucht, welche Schichten der Makula von Dickenveränderungen als Folge einer Optikusatrophie betroffen sind. Es wurden 27 Patienten mit nichtglaukomatösen Optikusatrophien unterschiedlicher Ätiologie (postneuritische, hereditäre und traumatische Atrophien) und 21 augengesunde Kontrollpersonen untersucht. OCT-Scans der RNFL und der Makula wurden mit Hilfe des Stratus OCT 3000 (Carl Zeiss Meditec) durchgeführt. Die axialen Reflektivitätsprofile der radialen Scans wurden aus den exportierten JPEG-Bildern an zwölf Punkten in je 1,5mm Entfernung von der Foveola vermessen und gemittelt. Das charakteristische Reflektivitätsprofil mit fünf Intensitätsmaxima und vier Intensitätsminima wurde der Lokalisation der einzelnen Makulaschichten zugeordnet. Die von nichtglaukomatöser Optikusatrophie betroffenen Augen wiesen im Vergleich zu den Augen der augengesunden Normalpersonen signifikant (p<0,05) reduzierte RNFL-Dicken (um 35,5% reduziert) und Makulavolumen-Werte (um 11,8% reduziert) auf. Bei allen untersuchten Formen der Optikusatrophie waren nicht nur die makuläre Nervenfaserschicht (MNFL) sondern alle inneren Schichten der Makula verdünnt. Die mittlere Reduktion betrug 21,2% für die MNFL, 39,7% für die Ganglienzellschicht, 33,2% für die innere plexiforme Schicht und 9,4% für die innere Körnerzellschicht im Vergleich zu den Werten der Normalpersonen. Veränderungen der äußeren Netzhautschichten traten nur bei den posttraumatischen Atrophien auf. Eine Beurteilung der Dicke aller einzelnen Netzhautschichten aus OCT-Scans ist mit Hilfe geräteintegrierter Software bisher noch nicht möglich. Die quantitative Analyse der axialen Reflektivitätsprofile aus exportierten OCT-Bildern stellt eine geeignete Methode zur Beschreibung des Verlaufs und der Lokalisation von Makulaveränderungen bei Optikusatrophien verschiedener Genese dar.

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