<p>The aim of this research is to find out more about traditional music in Gambian society, to get a wider view of the tradition and what is happening to traditional music in a modern society. Furthermore, I want to find out if the informers consider that the traditional music is fading away from the society and if, in that case, any actions are being taken to preserve the tradition. The research question is: How do the traditional masters in the Gambia consider the role of traditional musicians in a modern society?</p><p> </p><p>The research method consists of making observations at Maali’s Music School and in the E.C.C.O cultural camps in Njawara and Berefet, and interviews with traditional masters of different tribes. <strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>The results of the interviews show that the informers consider that the traditional music is ‘fading away’ from the society, that the role of traditional music in the society is changing and that there is no great support or protection for traditional music in the Gambia. Documentation of the music and interviews made by researchers from abroad often ends up in Europe and is seldom returned back to the informers. With regard to things that could be done to keep traditional music alive, the informers give the examples of building schools for teaching the tradition, teaching traditional songs in the ordinary schools and finding places for traditional masters to gather, where they can discuss, teach and play together.</p>

<p>Oral complications and symptoms are common among patients with cancer. The aim of this thesis is to study several aspects of oral status, oral health and its relation to quality of life, and oral care among patients treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Descriptive, comparative and correlational designs were used. </p><p>A series of consecutive patients admitted to a university hospital or a regional hospital to receive radiotherapy for head and neck cancer or chemotherapy for haematological malignancies, were studied prospectively with regard to oral symptoms and their relation to health-related quality of life using interviews and questionnaires, examination of the oral cavity and saliva tests. All nurses and enrolled nurses who worked with these patients or with patients with lung cancer were interviewed about their education and knowledge in oral care and performed oral care. The medical and nursing records on patients with these cancer diseases at the two hospitals were reviewed. </p><p>The results indicate that patients receiving radiotherapy experienced increasing oral symptoms, which remained to a large extent one month after treatment. Patients receiving chemotherapy did not experience oral symptoms to the same extent. The oral symptoms were significantly related to patients' health-related quality of life, particularly among those receiving radiotherapy. Data also indicate that there is a lack of adequate education and continuing education in oral care among nursing staff. All patients were not examined orally before or during treatment, nor did they receive sufficient information or instruction related to oral hygiene. Patient compliance with oral hygiene procedures was acceptable, although some patients reported difficulties. Oral status and oral care were insufficiently documented, particularly in nursing records. The attitudes to oral examination and discussion on oral hygiene differed between nursing staff and patients. Nursing staff objected to examining the oral cavity referring to patient integrity. This was not considered as a hindrance among patients. In conclusion, oral health is related to health-related quality of life, which motivates a multi-disciplinary approach to oral care. </p>

Oral complications and symptoms are common among patients with cancer. The aim of this thesis is to study several aspects of oral status, oral health and its relation to quality of life, and oral care among patients treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Descriptive, comparative and correlational designs were used. A series of consecutive patients admitted to a university hospital or a regional hospital to receive radiotherapy for head and neck cancer or chemotherapy for haematological malignancies, were studied prospectively with regard to oral symptoms and their relation to health-related quality of life using interviews and questionnaires, examination of the oral cavity and saliva tests. All nurses and enrolled nurses who worked with these patients or with patients with lung cancer were interviewed about their education and knowledge in oral care and performed oral care. The medical and nursing records on patients with these cancer diseases at the two hospitals were reviewed. The results indicate that patients receiving radiotherapy experienced increasing oral symptoms, which remained to a large extent one month after treatment. Patients receiving chemotherapy did not experience oral symptoms to the same extent. The oral symptoms were significantly related to patients' health-related quality of life, particularly among those receiving radiotherapy. Data also indicate that there is a lack of adequate education and continuing education in oral care among nursing staff. All patients were not examined orally before or during treatment, nor did they receive sufficient information or instruction related to oral hygiene. Patient compliance with oral hygiene procedures was acceptable, although some patients reported difficulties. Oral status and oral care were insufficiently documented, particularly in nursing records. The attitudes to oral examination and discussion on oral hygiene differed between nursing staff and patients. Nursing staff objected to examining the oral cavity referring to patient integrity. This was not considered as a hindrance among patients. In conclusion, oral health is related to health-related quality of life, which motivates a multi-disciplinary approach to oral care.

The aim of this research is to find out more about traditional music in Gambian society, to get a wider view of the tradition and what is happening to traditional music in a modern society. Furthermore, I want to find out if the informers consider that the traditional music is fading away from the society and if, in that case, any actions are being taken to preserve the tradition. The research question is: How do the traditional masters in the Gambia consider the role of traditional musicians in a modern society?   The research method consists of making observations at Maali’s Music School and in the E.C.C.O cultural camps in Njawara and Berefet, and interviews with traditional masters of different tribes.   The results of the interviews show that the informers consider that the traditional music is ‘fading away’ from the society, that the role of traditional music in the society is changing and that there is no great support or protection for traditional music in the Gambia. Documentation of the music and interviews made by researchers from abroad often ends up in Europe and is seldom returned back to the informers. With regard to things that could be done to keep traditional music alive, the informers give the examples of building schools for teaching the tradition, teaching traditional songs in the ordinary schools and finding places for traditional masters to gather, where they can discuss, teach and play together.

Stroke är den tredje vanligaste dödsorsaken och i Sverige drabbas varje år cirka 30 000 personer. I världen dör varje år cirka 6,2 miljoner människor av stroke. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka förekomsten av problem relaterade till oral hälsa hos personer som tidigare drabbats av stroke. Studien utfördes i form av en litteraturstudie. Materialet samlades in genom sökningar i databaserna PubMed och Science Direct. Det gjordes även en manuell sökning och det slutliga resultatet baserades på en sammanställning av tio vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultatet visade att ett flertal studier har funnit ett samband av ökad förekomst av parodontit hos personer som tidigare drabbats av stroke. Det visades även att det inte fanns något statistiskt signifikant samband av ökad kariesförekomst i några studier. Svårigheter med att tugga, äta, svälja, tala tydligt och upprätthålla god munhygien var problem som var relaterade till oral hälsa och som ofta förekom. De flesta personerna var missnöjda med utseendet av tänderna och de ansåg sig ha sämre oral hälsorelaterad livskvalitet jämfört med kontrollgrupp. Slutsatsen med denna studie visar att problem med den orala hälsan är vanligt hos personer som drabbats av stroke. / Stroke is the third most common cause of death, and in Sweden approximately 30 000 people are affected every year. Worldwide, about 6.2 million people die each year by the cause of stroke. The purpose of this literature study was to investigate the occurrence of problems related to oral health in individuals with a history of stroke. The study was carried out as a literature review. The data was collected through searches in the databases “PubMed” and “Science Direct”. There has also been a manual search and the final result was based on a statement made from ten scientific articles. The result showed that many studies have found an association between increased occurrences of periodontitis in individuals with a history of stroke. There is no statistically significant association of increased caries reported. Difficulties in chewing, eating, swallowing, speaking clearly and maintaining good oral hygiene was a problem related to oral health which often occurred. Individuals with stroke were unhappy with the appearance of their teeth and considered themselves to have poorer oral health-related quality of life compared to the control group. The conclusion of this study is that problems with oral health are common in individuals who suffered a stroke. More research is needed to determine if there is a relationship between individuals who suffered a stroke and dental caries and periodontal disease.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-133).

This study aims to examine how heritage archives in Sweden create oral history by the conduction of interviews. Though previous research have shown that this is a task suitable for archives, there have been a lack of knowledge of how this is actually beeing done. Also, oral history have not earlier been studied in relation to the archives larger objectives. The heritage institutions that have been examined are Sjöhistoriska museet, Visarkivet and Dialekt- och folkminnesarkivet I Uppsala. They are all part of public authoritys and use oral history to create more pluralistic and diverse archive collections. The theory being used to analyze these heritage institution is derived from Terry Cooks article “ Evidence, memory, identity, and community: four shifting archival paradigms”. The main method used to understand the creation of oral history in swedish archives have been to interview chiefs and personnel working whith the collections. Important documents, web pages and laws that govern the work have also been analyzed. A result of this study is that the heritage institutions, dispite that they are governed by public authoritys, are relatively free to decide what to collect and how. Two main perspectives guide the archives. The first is the notion that something is in need of beeing documented before it´s to late. The second can be described as a strategy to fill in collection gaps. This is a two years master’s thesis in Archive, Library and Museum studies.

Thesis (doctoral)--Medizinische Akademie Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, 1989. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliography.

Thesis (doctoral)--Medizinische Akademie Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, 1989. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliography.

Les levures du genre Candida provoquent 70 à 90% des infections fongiques invasives chez l’Homme. Candida albicans est l’espèce de levure la plus souvent isolée et la plus pathogène au niveau de la cavité orale. Cette levure présente des facteurs de virulence multiples, notamment une capacité à modifier sa morphologie (dimorphisme), des adhésines servant à la reconnaissance de l’hôte, la sécrétion de phospholipases et d’aspartyl protéases et une capacité à former des biofilms. L’augmentation constante des infections fongiques et des résistances aux antifongiques, des effets secondaires et du coût des traitements, justifie la recherche de nouvelles molécules actives contre les biofilms impliquant des levures. Après une revue de la littérature sur les modèles de biofilms oraux, nous avons étudié l’effet d’un extrait végétal de Solidago virgaurea sur C. albicans. Une première étude a montré que l’extrait, par ailleurs dépourvu d’effet antibactérien, pouvait agir sur le champignon en : 1) empêchant la conversion de levures en hyphes, 2) inhibant la formation de biofilm, et 3) en dissociant le biofilm déjà formé. La deuxième étude visait à comprendre le mode d’action de cet extrait. Elle a montré que l’extrait de S. virgaurea inhibait l’expression de protéines impliquées dans l’adhésion et la filamentation. Par ailleurs, il exerce un effet synergique sur l’élimination du biofilm lorsqu’il est combiné à des antifongiques. L’ensemble de ces résultats positionne l’extrait de S. virgaurea en candidat prometteur pour une approche innovante du traitement topique des candidoses cutanéomuqueuses. / Candida yeast cause 70 to 90 % of human invasive fungal infections. In the oral cavity, Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated the most pathogenic species. This yeast has multiple virulence factors, including the capacity to alter its morphology (dimorphism), adhesins for host-recognition, the secretion of phospholipases and aspartyl proteases, and the ability to form biofilms. The search for new anti-biofilms drugs and, in particular, those targeting biofilm involving yeast is justified by the constantly increasing incidence of fungal infections and antifungal resistance, treatments side effects and costs. We first reviewed the literature regarding oral biofilm models. Then, we studied the effect of a Solidago virgaurea extract against C. albicans. A first study showed that this extract, which has no antibacterial effect, could act on the fungus in several ways, including: 1) inhibiting yeast-to-hypha transition, 2) inhibiting biofilm formation, and 3) disrupting existing biofilm. The second study aimed to understand the mode of action of this extract. It showed that it might act via the down-regulation of proteins involved in yeast adhesion and filamentation. Furthermore, it acted in synergy with antifungals to eliminate biofilm. Overall, these findings indicate that this S. virgaurea extract is a promising candidate for an innovative approach of superficial candidiasis topical therapy.