Most oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is believed to develop via a multistep process of cumulative gene damage in epithelial cells. Increasing incidence of OSCC and evidence that traditional risk factors may not be responsible directed us to investigate the prevalence of virus in pre- and malignant samples.The integration of the DNA from human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and Herpes simplex (HSV) into the human genome is associated with the expression of oncogenes and the down-regulation of tumor-suppressor genes in OSCC carcinogenesis. This thesis compared samples from India and Sudan, two countries on two continents having a documented high incidence of oral cancer, with specimens from Sweden, with its known low incidence of oral cancer. Each region has, in addition to smoking, a unique non-smoked tobacco habits with documented carcinogenic effects. These countries also typify areas of low and high socioeconomic living conditions with their expected impact on disease development. The study populations were selected from tobacco users and nonusers with OSCC, oral sub-mucous fibrosis (India), oral lichen planus (Sweden), oral leukoplakia with and without dysplasia and snuff-induced lesions (Sweden and Sudan). An expedient method was developed for extracting DNA from old formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsies. The prevalence of HPV, EBV, and HSV was investigated using PCR/DNA sequencing and southern blot hybridization analysis. We found HPV and EBV to be most prevalent in samples of tissue characterized as normal, with decreasing prevalence in dysplastic and malignant lesions. This intriguing finding that prevalence decreases as neoplastic development proceeds warrants further investigation. Our data do not at first sight support the conclusion that viruses and tobacco use jointly interact with cell mechanisms in the development of oral cancer.

Introduction: The literature review indicated that oral health is a serious health issue among Indian school adolescents. In India, less than 5% of adolescents have access to organised public dental health services in order to identify and treat dental caries at an early stage. Oral health literacy is important for adolescents to prevent and manage dental caries in their permanent teeth. Currently, there is no formal oral health education available in both the primary and secondary level school curriculum in Tamil Nadu. Objective: This thesis was conducted to collect baseline data to measure the epidemiology of dental caries and the level of oral health literacy among adolescents in rural and urban schools of Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: Oral health literacy and the epidemiology of dental caries were measured in 974 adolescent school students (12-15 year-olds) from both rural and urban areas of Tamil Nadu, India. There were three research questions answered in this thesis using a cross-sectional descriptive correlational quantitative study design. The first research question was addressed by measuring the Decayed, Missing and Filled teeth index (DMFT) using the WHO oral health survey method. The second research question was addressed by measuring the oral health literacy of 974 adolescent participants using a self-administered questionnaire developed for this study. The third research question was addressed by examining the association between the severity of dental caries (question 1) and oral health literacy (question 2). Results: The oral health survey indicated that prevalence of dental caries among adolescents in rural and urban parts of Tamil Nadu was 61.4% with an average DMFT score of 2.03. Multiple regression analyses indicated factors such as gender, age, mother’s education, type of schools and community/caste as significant predictors of dental caries. This is the first study to assess the impact of community on oral health literacy and status of adolescents. Almost 92% of participants reported that they had never been to a dentist. In total, 1980 teeth were affected and 98.6% (1953) affected teeth were decayed and not filled. The Cronbach’s alpha score (0.651) demonstrated the developed questionnaire had good internal consistency. In total, 35% of participants had poor oral health literacy (OHL) skills and only 8.3% of participants had good OHL skills to prevent dental caries. Parent’s education, gender and community/caste were identified as significant predictors of OHL in the regression analysis. A strong negative association between oral health literacy scores and dental caries prevalence and severity was identified in the study. Conclusion: The current study is the first to find an association between oral health literacy and dental caries in an adolescent population both in international and Indian literature. The prevalence of dental caries was decreased and severity of dental caries was increased when compared to previous research in Tamil Nadu. This result implies an imbalance in availability of oral health services in Tamil Nadu, India. The study results also imply that the majority of the study population had poor or moderate oral health literacy to prevent and manage dental caries. Females, Scheduled Caste and Tribes attending public schools in rural areas were identified as the more vulnerable populations to get affected by dental caries due to their poor oral health literacy. Oral health policies should be targeted to these adolescent populations in the Tamil Nadu region. Improving oral health literacy education in the school and pre-school curriculum could help to manage oral health in adolescents.

<p>&nbsp / </p> <p align="left">Oral ulcers and oral thrush could be indicative of serious illnesses such as oral cancer, HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), among others. There are many different health care workers that can be approached for advice and/or treatment for oral ulcers and oral thrush (sometimes referred to as mouth sores by patients), including pharmacists. In fact, the mild and intermittent nature of oral ulcers and oral thrush may most likely lead the patient to present to a pharmacist for immediate treatment. In addition, certain aspects of access are exempt at a pharmacy such as long queues and waiting times, the need to make an appointment and the cost for consultation. Thus pharmacies may serve as a reservoir of undetected cases of oral cancer, HIV and other STIs. <b><font face="Times New Roman">Aim</font></b><font face="TimesNewRomanPSMT" size="3"><font face="TimesNewRomanPSMT" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">: To determine how community pharmacists in the Western Cape manage </font>oral ulcers and oral thrush.</font></font></p>

Inaug.--Diss.--Münster, 1937. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-101).

Magister Chirurgiae Dentium - MChD / Oral ulcers and oral thrush could be indicative of serious illnesses such as oral cancer, HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), among others. There are many different health care workers that can be approached for advice and/or treatment for oral ulcers and oral thrush (sometimes referred to as mouth sores by patients), including pharmacists. In fact, the mild and intermittent nature of oral ulcers and oral thrush may most likely lead the patient to present to a pharmacist for immediate treatment. In addition, certain aspects of access are exempt at a pharmacy such as long queues and waiting times, the need to make an appointment and the cost for consultation. Thus pharmacies may serve as a reservoir of undetected cases of oral cancer, HIV and other STIs. Aim: To determine how community pharmacists in the Western Cape manage oral ulcers and oral thrush. Objectives: The data set included the prevalence of oral complaints confronted by pharmacists, how they manage oral ulcers, oral thrush and mouth sores, their knowledge about these conditions, and the influence of socio-economic status (SES) and metropolitan location (metro or non-metro) on recognition and management of the lesions. Method: A cross-sectional survey of community pharmacists in the Western Cape was conducted. A random sample of pharmacies was stratified by SES (high and low), and metropolitan location. A structured questionnaire was used to conduct a telephonic interview. The questionnaire was faxed to pharmacists 24 hours prior to the interview. Pharmacists were also telephoned 24 hours prior to the interview, but after the questionnaire was faxed, in order to gain informed consent for participation in the study, and to confirm a convenient time to conduct the interview. Results: Two thirds (63%) of pharmacists managed oral problems nearly everyday, and 30% managed these more than once a week. More pharmacists in high SES (73%) areas managed oral problems nearly everyday (Fisher Exact, p=0.0005). Just over half (56%) and 49.2% of pharmacists said that ulcers and thrush, respectively, was the most common oral problem that they encounter. The prevalence of oral thrush was significantly higher in non-metro areas (58%) (RR=0.7 (0.5-1.0) ChiSquared=4.0, p=0.04), and it was also significantly lower in low SES areas (RR=1.6 (1.1-2.4), Chi Squared=6.5, p=0.01). Half the pharmacists reported that they would manage the patient comprehensively. Most would take a history but the quality of the history is poor, thereby compromising their ability to manage these cases appropriately. Only a third would refer a simple oral ulcer, thrush or mouth sore to a doctor/dentist but all pharmacists would have referred a longstanding ulcer to a doctor/dentist. In terms of knowledge, only 33% of pharmacists were aware that oral ulcers and thrush could be indicative of HIV infection, and only 8% linked oral ulcers with oral cancer. There was no discernable pattern of management of oral ulcers and thrush, or of knowledge of the link between these lesions with underlying diseases, by SES and metropolitan locations (Chi Squared, Fisher Exact, p>0.05). Conclusion: The result of this study strengthens the current view of pharmacists as oral health advisors as they encounter oral problems regularly, most commonly oral ulcers and oral thrush. Therefore, the pharmacist can play an important role in the early detection of HIV and oral cancer. However many pharmacists fail to refer these cases to a dentist. Most pharmacists lacked specific knowledge about the relationship of oral ulcers and thrush with underlying conditions, which may explain why many pharmacists are not managing these cases correctly. There is a definite need to train pharmacists at both an under- and post-graduate level with specific emphasis on the proper management of oral ulcers, oral thrush and mouth sores, as well as comprehensive training that outlines why vigilant management of oral ulcers and oral thrush is necessary. / South Africa

p. 1-122 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-25T18:00:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 9999999999999.pdf: 5819061 bytes, checksum: ef3a93df9666817aa3437a80b1999934 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T16:51:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 9999999999999.pdf: 5819061 bytes, checksum: ef3a93df9666817aa3437a80b1999934 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T16:51:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 9999999999999.pdf: 5819061 bytes, checksum: ef3a93df9666817aa3437a80b1999934 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Esta tese apresenta o resultado da investigação sobre manifestações clínicas orais em indivíduos infectados pelo HIV, analisando suas implicações na condição de saúde em crianças e adultos. Também investigou o papel da candidíase oral pseudomembranosa como possível preditora da progressão para a Aids. Foram desenvolvidos três estudos: o primeiro de corte transversal realizado por meio de uma revisão de prontuários clínicos dos indivíduos com 13 anos de idade ou mais assistidos pelo serviço de odontologia do Centro de Referência Estadual de Aids (CREAIDS), em Salvador-Bahia. O segundo, também de corte transversal semelhante ao primeiro, porém com indivíduos menores de 13 anos de idade atendidos no CREAIDS. O terceiro estudo desenhado como coorte histórica foi desenvolvida com dados sócio-demográficos, clínicos, terapêuticos e imunológicos de menores de 13 anos de idade acompanhados pelo serviço de pediatria médica deste Centro de Referência. Os resultados estão apresentados na forma de 03 (três) artigos e demonstram redução na freqüência das manifestações orais associadas com a infecção pelo HIV ao longo do período estudado (2003 a 2005), tanto em adultos quanto em crianças, principalmente nos grupos que utilizavam terapia anti-retroviral (TARV). Estas manifestações foram mais freqüentes em indivíduos que apresentaram alteração imunológica, caracterizada por elevados níveis da carga viral plasmática e redução da contagem dos linfócitos T CD4 +. As manifestações orais foram mais freqüentes em adultos com baixa escolaridade Além disso, foram observadas altas taxas de cárie dentária nestas populações. No entanto, entre as crianças, a cárie dentária mostrou-se associada à ocorrência de lesões orais. Foi observado ainda que a forma “persistente” da candidíase oral pseudomembranosa está associada com alteração imunológica severa e apresentou uma menor mediana de tempo até o diagnóstico de Aids em relação a candidíase episódica ou não candidíase. Esta pesquisa confirma a tendência observada na maioria dos estudos de menor proporção de manifestações orais em indivíduos infectados pelo HIV que utilizam a TARV. No entanto, estes indivíduos apresentam importantes necessidades de cuidados à saúde bucal / Salvador

Submitted by Márcio Maia (marciokjmaia@gmail.com) on 2016-08-25T23:50:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2433204 bytes, checksum: 511306bb83e4eca6c00e45f9e55ca9d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-25T23:50:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2433204 bytes, checksum: 511306bb83e4eca6c00e45f9e55ca9d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-24 / The present study, From bullying to cyberbullying: history and memories (1993-2011), (Do bullying ao cyberbullying: história e memórias escolares), is a proposal of investigation that contemplates the history of school events in the present time. In this context, the study recreates facts and events of our time and representations of lived and imagined moments as a manner of building history. The investigation uses Oral History methodology, utilizing living participants‟ memories, and potential deponents, open to collaboration. The study presents three main goals. It aims to revel the construction process of the object of study; to show the dialogues among the studies of Halbwachs (2006), Ricoeur (2012), Bosi (1994), Le Goff (2013), Thompson (1992), Meihy (2007), and others; about history, memory, present time and oral history; and to show the articulation among Olweus (1993), Silva (2010), Lima (2011), Calhau (2011), Fante (2012), etc.; that see bullying and cyberbullying as anactual “problematic” poorly studied. Because of the constant changes in history throughout the time, future generations will be able to “dive” in memories of the past, preserving them alive and building connections for its comprehension and reconstruction. / O presente estudo, Do bullying ao cyberbullying: história e memórias escolares (1993-2011) é uma proposta de investigação que contempla a história e as memórias de acontecimentos escolares do tempo presente. Nesse contexto, busca recriar fatos e acontecimentos de nosso tempo, representações do momento vivido ou imaginado, como forma de construir a matéria histórica. A investigação utiliza a metodologia da História Oral, apropriando-se das memórias de participantes vivos, depoentes em potencial, passíveis de colaboração. A investigação objetiva revelar os espaços percorridos para a construção do objeto de estudo, bem como os diálogos traçados com os estudos de Halbwachs (2006), Ricoeur (2012), Bosi (1994), Le Goff (2013), Thompson (1992), Meihy (2007) entre outros, sobre história, memória, tempo presente e história oral, bem como, a articulação com os autores Olweus (1993), Silva (2010), Lima (2011), Calhau (2011), Fante (2012), etc., que apresentam nas respectivas pesquisas os fenômenos bullying e cyberbullying como uma “problemática” do tempo presente, carente de estudo e aprofundamento. É no mover constante da história ao longo do tempo que é possível possibilitar às gerações futuras um mergulho nas memórias de outrora, fazendo com que a moldura do tempo não se apague, mas que se constitua no pano de fundo para sua compreensão e reconstrução.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-10-07T15:36:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Fábio Gomes dos Santos.pdf: 1461597 bytes, checksum: ec1a69cfda2430a4c8d011fc915f7208 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-10-17T13:33:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Fábio Gomes dos Santos.pdf: 1461597 bytes, checksum: ec1a69cfda2430a4c8d011fc915f7208 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-17T13:33:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Fábio Gomes dos Santos.pdf: 1461597 bytes, checksum: ec1a69cfda2430a4c8d011fc915f7208 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Periodontal diseases are considered a public health problem in the world, affecting people in all ages, including adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral hygiene level and periodontal status of 15-19 years-old schoolchildren in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 630 students enrolled at public schools, randomly selected by cluster sampling design. For data collection, a form containing socioeconomic variables and those related to oral hygiene was used. Periodontal status was assessed by applying the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and the Community Periodontal Index (CPI).Two calibrated examiners (kappa>0.61) performed the clinical examinations. Data were descriptively and inferentially analyzed using the chi-square test, adopting significance level of 5%.There was no statistically significant difference between socioeconomic aspects and periodontal status (p>0.05). All students reported use the toothbrush and toothpaste, while interdental cleaning with dental floss was reported by only 44.1%. The use of dental floss was higher between females (p<0.027). Most of individuals (59.7%) had satisfactory oral hygiene status (OHI-S<1.1), but only 1.3% had healthy periodontium (CPI=0). The prevalence of calculus, bleeding on probe and shallow pockets (4-5mm) were 37.8%, 34.4% and 24.3% respectively. It was concluded that the 15-19 years-old schoolchildren have healthy oral hygiene habits, but showed a high prevalence of bleeding, calculus and shallow periodontal pocket. / As doenças periodontais são consideradas problemas de saúde pública em todo o mundo, podendo afetar indivíduos de todas as idades, incluindo os adolescentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o nível de higiene oral e condição periodontal de escolares de 15 a 19 anos da rede pública estadual de Campina Grande, Paraíba. Realizou-se um estudo transversal com 630 escolares matriculados em escolas públicas, selecionados aleatoriamente pela técnica de amostragem por conglomerados. Para a coleta dos dados foi utilizado um formulário contendo informações socioeconômicas e sobre os hábitos de higiene oral dos participantes. A condição periodontal foi avaliada através da aplicação do Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado (IHO-S) e do Índice Periodontal Comunitário (IPC). Dois examinadores calibrados (kappa>0.61) realizaram os exames clínicos. Os dados foram analisados através da estatística descritiva e inferencial (teste Qui-Quadrado, nível de significância de 95%). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os aspectos socioeconômicos e a condição periodontal (p>0,05). Todos os participantes revelaram usar a escova de dente e o creme dental, enquanto que a limpeza interproximal com o fio dental foi observada em 44,1%. O uso do fio dental foi maior entre as mulheres (p<0,027). A maioria dos indivíduos (59,7%) apresentaram um grau de higiene oral satisfatório (IHO-S<1,1), porém apenas 1,3% possuíam saúde periodontal (IPC=0). A prevalência de cálculo, sangramento à sondagem e bolsa periodontal rasa (4-5mm) foi 37,8%; 34,4% e 24,3%; respectivamente. Pode-se concluir que os escolares de 15 a 19 anos possuem hábitos saudáveis de higiene oral, contudo apresentaram uma elevada prevalência de sangramento, cálculo dentário e bolsa periodontal rasa.

Infection with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the sexually transmitted viral disease most prevalent in world. The infections can range from asymptomatic establishment to induction of squamous cell carcinomas. It has been discussed the correlation of HPV infection and the development and/or aggravation of lesions in the oral mucosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of HPV and its genotypes in patients with oral lesions and in healthy oral mucosa of users and non-users of drugs in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. Thirty-nine patients aged 2 to 83 years with clinically detectable lesions in the oral mucosa and 106 patients with healthy oral mucosa between 11 and 79 years were evaluated. Samples were collected by exfoliating the oral mucosa. For quality control of DNA extraction beta-globin PCR was performed. HPV DNA was detected using primers MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+. Genotyping was performed by multiplex-PCR with specific primers for HPV types 6, 16 and 18. Our study detected the virus in all types of lesions evaluated. The occurrence of HPV was 76.92% (30/39) in patients with oral lesions. The most common virus type was HPV-6 in 56.67% (17/30), followed by HPV-18 in 26.67% (8/30) and HPV-16 in 6.67% (2/30). Positive results were found in 83.02% (88/106) of patients with healthy oral mucosa. The most common virus type was HPV-6 in 45.45% (40/88), followed by HPV-18 in 35.23% (31/88) and HPV-16 in 4.54% (4/88). Between multiple drug users 86.67% (52/60) were positive and multiple HPV infections were identified in 23.08% (12/52). At |non-users| the occurrence was 78.26% (36/46). A high occurrence of HPV was found in the study, both in oral lesions and in healthy mucosa. Rates of HPV detection in the oral cavity vary markedly in the world and make the relationship between HPV and oral carcinogenesis still controversial. Additional studies to evaluate the role of human papillomavirus in the development of lesions in the oral mucosa are necessary. There are few data available on the frequency of oral HPV infection in Brazilian population and especially among drug users. Other studies on HPV prevalence among drug users are needed for a better understanding of their exposure to the virus and for the development of prevention strategies. / A infecção pelo Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) é a doença viral sexualmente transmissível mais prevalente no mundo. Suas infecções podem variar de assintomáticas à indução de Carcinomas de Células Escamosas. Entre os agentes infecciosos associados ao câncer oral, tem-se discutido a correlação da infecção por HPV em mucosa oral e o desenvolvimento e/ou agravamento das lesões. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência do HPV e seus genótipos em pacientes com lesão oral e em mucosa oral saudável de usuários e não-usuários de drogas no estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Foram avaliados 39 pacientes com idade entre 2 e 83 anos, com lesões clinicamente detectáveis na mucosa oral e 106 pacientes com mucosa oral saudável entre 11 e 79 anos. As amostras foram coletadas por esfoliação da mucosa oral. Para o controle de qualidade da extração de DNA foi utilizado PCR para beta-globina. DNA-HPV foi detectado utilizando primers MY09/MY11 e GP5+/GP6+. A genotipagem foi realizada através de multiplex-PCR com primers específicos para os tipos virais 6, 16 e 18. Nosso estudo detectou DNA-HPV em todos os tipos de lesões avaliadas. A prevalência do HPV foi de 76,92% (30/39) nos pacientes com lesões orais. O tipo viral mais frequente foi o HPV-6, presente em 56,67% (17/30), seguido do HPV-18 em 26,67% (8/30) e do HPV-16 em 6,67% (2/30). DNA-HPV foi encontrado em 83,02% (88/106) dos pacientes com mucosa oral sadia. O tipo viral mais frequente foi o HPV-6, presente em 45,45% (40/88), seguido do HPV-18 em 35,23% (31/88) e do HPV-16 em 4,54% (4/88). Entre usuários de múltiplas drogas 86,67% (52/60) foram positivos e infecções múltiplas por mais de um tipo viral foram identificadas em 23,08% (12/52) dos indivíduos. Entre os "não usuários" a taxa de infecção pelo HPV foi de 78,26% (36/46). Desta forma, foi verificada uma alta ocorrência do HPV em nosso estudo, tanto em lesões orais quanto em mucosas saudáveis. As taxas de detecção do vírus em cavidade oral variam acentuadamente no mundo e tornam a relação do HPV com o processo de carcinogênese oral ainda controversa. Isso faz necessária a realização de estudos adicionais que avaliem o papel do Papilomavírus Humano no desenvolvimento de lesões na mucosa oral. Há poucos dados disponíveis sobre a frequência de infecção oral por HPV na população brasileira e especialmente entre usuários de drogas. Novos estudos sobre a prevalência do HPV entre usuários de drogas são necessários para melhor compreensão da sua exposição ao vírus e o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção.

Orientador: Matilde Virginia Ricardi Scaramucci / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T08:02:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sakamori_Lieko_M.pdf: 4652152 bytes, checksum: 01ece6f13ebe9edd19d0975b09271a35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A confiabilidade é um aspecto fundamental da avaliação. Um teste é considerado confiável quando não há variáveis que possam afetar a avaliação do desempenho do candidato. Elas podem estar relacionadas às condições de aplicação do teste, ou à atuação dos entrevistadores. No entanto, no caso das avaliações orais como as interações face a face, em que o candidato interage com o entrevistador, o controle da confiabilidade se torna mais difícil, já que as interações envolvem inúmeras variáveis. Para controlar essas variáveis, formam-se entrevistadores e elaboram-se procedimentos, regras e critérios de avaliação. Mesmo assim, podem existir variáveis que não foram previstas em relação às interações. O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma análise da atuação dos entrevistadores na interação face a face do exame Celpe-Bras (Certificado de Proficiência em Língua Portuguesa para Estrangeiros). Esse exame, desenvolvido pelo Ministério da Educação do Brasil e em uso desde 1998, certifica os candidatos estrangeiros em quatro níveis: Intermediário, Intermediário Superior, Avançado e Avançado Superior. Ele é composto de duas partes, uma prova escrita e outra oral. A avaliação oral é uma interação face a face, com duração de 20 minutos. O candidato é avaliado por um entrevistador e um observador. Os resultados do estudo mostraram que houve variações em relação à atuação dos entrevistadores, podendo ser consideradas colaborativas e/ou não colaborativas. Espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir para um maior entendimento das avaliações orais em geral, e mais especificamente, servir de subsídio para o aprimoramento do Manual do Entrevistador do exame Celpe-Bras / Abstract: Reliability is a fundamental concept in assessment. A test is considered to be reliable when there are no variables that can affect the candidate¿s performance assessment. They can be related to the conditions of test application or interviewer¿s performance. However, in the case of oral assessments such as face to face interactions, in which the candidate interacts with an interviewer, the control of reliability becomes more difficult, since the interactions will involve many variables. In order to control those variables, interviewers are trained and test procedures, rules and criteria are elaborated. Even though, there can be variables that were not predicted to the interactions. The aim of this work is to analyze interviewers¿ performance in face to face interaction of Celpe-Bras examination (Proficiency in Portuguese as a Foreign Language). This examination, developed by the Ministry of Brazilian Education and in use since 1998, certifies foreign candidates in four levels: Intermediate, High Intermediate, Advanced and High Advanced. It has two parts, a writing test and a speaking one. The oral test is a 20 minutes face to face interaction. The candidate is evaluated by an interviewer and an observer. The results of this study pointed that there were variations concerning interviewers¿ performance, which could be considered collaborative and/or non-collaborative. It is expected that this work can contribute to a better understanding of oral evaluations in general, and more specifically, to serve as subsidy to the improvement of Interviewer¿s Manual of Celpe-Bras examination / Mestrado / Lingua Estrangeira / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada