Organizações desenvolvedoras de software enfrentam hoje em dia o desafio de atuar concomitantemente em projetos que exigem tanto a prática de Metodologias Tradicionais quanto a de Metodologias Ágeis, metodologias de desenvolvimento de software com características opostas e conflitantes. Para atender a essa demanda as empresas têm adotado a Ambidestria Organizacional no desenvolvimento de softwares, criando estruturas organizacionais, processos e equipes capacitadas para atuar com ambas as metodologias de forma simultânea. Vários modelos podem ser adotados para a criação da Ambidestria Organizacional, mas pouco se sabe sobre como cada um deles surge e se desenvolve nas empresas. Nesta pesquisa objetivou-se conhecer um dos aspectos que podem influenciar a seleção do modelo de Ambidestria: as barreiras que uma organização pode enfrentar ao introduzir uma Metodologia Ágil em ambiente que já pratica alguma modalidade de Metodologia Tradicional. Através de dados secundários e do método de Estudo de Casos foi possível evidenciar a influência de algumas dessas barreiras no tipo de ambidestria escolhido pelas empresas, concluindo ainda que os impactos das barreiras de introdução de uma metodologia ágil podem ser muito diferentes quando comparamos sua ocorrência entre empresas desenvolvedoras de software para uso próprio e empresas desenvolvedoras de software sob encomenda, influenciando-as de modo diferente na escolha do modelo para a criação da Ambidestria Organizacional. Os resultados obtidos e as conclusões presentes neste estudo estabelecem, portanto, importante contribuição para pesquisas futuras, evidenciando que estudos sobre a Ambidestria Organizacional no campo do desenvolvimento de software devem ser realizados levando-se em consideração os diferentes perfis de empresa e as relações dessas empresas com seus clientes de projeto. / Software development organizations face nowadays challenges in conducting simultaneous projects, applying at the same time both Traditional and Agile Methodologies, software development processes with opposite and conflicting characteristics. In order respond to this challenges this companies adopt Organizational Ambidexterity in software development, creating organizational structures, processes and teams able to deal with both practices simultaneously. Different models exist for creating Organizational Ambidexterity, but there is a lack of knowledge about how each of these models emerge and grow at the companies. In this research we focused in understanding just one of the topics that influences the selection of the ambidexterity model: the barriers companies faces adopting Agile Methodologies on an environment where Traditional Methodologies are in use. Through secondary data analysis and Case Study methodology it was possible to reveal evidences of the influences that some of these barriers puts over the ambidexterity model selection, also concluding that barriers in agile methodologies introduction may be different when comparing their effects over on-demand software development companies and companies which develop software for their own use, influencing both their choices of ambidexterity model in different ways. The results and conclusions we present in this work, bring important contributions for future research, showing that future Organizational Ambidexterity in software development needs to attempt to different companies profile and their relationship with the projects customer.

Une performance soutenable et importante est l'objectif principal du management de toute organisation. La viabilité d'une entreprise dépend de sa capacité à trouver un équilibre entre deux activités très différentes. D’une part elle doit exploiter les certitudes existantes pour garantir la réussite des opérations courantes et d’autre part explorer de nouvelles opportunités pour la mise en œuvre rapide des nouvelles idées qui garantissent l'avenir de l'organisation. Les organisations ambidextres ont une aptitude à poursuivre de manière simultanée ces activités et produisent des innovation radicales et incrémentielles. Notre recherche montre que pour être ambidextre seulement la séparation des activités n’est pas suffisante. Sans une intégration et une combinaison de ces structures et ces processus, l’unité d’exploration sera incapable d’exploiter ses résultats et a plus de chance disparaitre avec le temps comme la structure inefficace. Pour survivre sur le long terme, l’entreprise doit intégrer l’ambidexterité de manière fractale et dynamique. Ce nouveau concept propose une solution à la question de l’équilibre entre les activités et elle se définit comme la capacité organisationnelle à reproduire l’exploration et l’exploitation simultanément à différents niveaux organisationnels et être capable de changer leurs proportions quand cela est nécessaire / The main objective in management of any organization is a successful and sustainable performance. To survive over time, a company should combine two competing activities. On the one hand, it must exploit existing certainties to be effective in the short term, and on the other hand, being capable at the same time to explore new opportunities to be innovative in the future. Ambidextrous organizations have the ability to pursue these activities simultaneously and produce radical and incremental innovation. In our research, we show that to achieve ambidexterity separation of activities is important, but not sufficient. Without integration between business structures and processes, the exploratory activity of the innovation unit is more likely to shrink and disappear with time as unprofitable function. To survive and sustain in the long term, a company should adapt fractal and dynamic ambidexterity. This new concept provides us with a solution to the question of balance and determines the organizational ability to define and set the appropriate proportions of exploration and exploitation simultaneously at multiple organizational levels and re-configure them when it is necessary to meet the change.

There is a dual accountability accepted by top executives of large multi-business firms (MBFs) to both consistently deliver performance in the short term and cultivate scalable opportunities for future growth, which requires that they be able to implement both evolutionary and revolutionary change. Researchers have defined this capability as organizational ambidexterity (OA) and deemed it a crucial requirement for every organization. Literature in the field of organizational ambidexterity (OA) describes the need to simultaneously orchestrate attention and activities along two dimensions of ambidexterity: exploitation and exploration. This dissertation peels back the layers in MBFs to generate a deeper understanding of OA in the MBF, by answering three research questions, using a mixed method approach-qualitative study followed by quantitative study: (1) What is an appropriate specification of OA in an MBF? (2) Are there differences in exploration and exploitation across the three levels within the MBF? and (3) Is there a relationship between exploration and exploitation and MBF performance at each of the three levels within the MBF? Qualitative Study 1 was conducted in December 2017, to investigate and confirm the appropriateness of the three-level operationalization of OA in MBFs. The data comprised eleven semi-structured interviews with senior executives that serve or have served as independent board directors (IBDs), chief executive officers (CEOs) or business unit general managers (BUGMs). The executives were able to articulate the existence of and differences in exploitation and exploration roles and activities at each of the three levels. Study 2 was conducted during June 2018, designed to test five sets of hypotheses. The study used a qualified panel of senior executives to generate a representative sample of respondents in each of three roles: IBDs, CEOs, and BUGMs. Data was collected through an online survey instrument, distributed to the panelists by Qualtrics and Centiment. Completed surveys resulted in a sample of 256 MBFs. Two separate one-way ANOVAs and Tukey post hoc means comparison tests were conducted; the results find significant differences in exploration at the board, corporate and business unit levels. Likewise, findings support statistically significant differences in exploitation at the board, corporate and business unit levels. For the third research question, exploration and exploitation were individually regressed against two measures of MBF performance, using IBM SPSS 25 software. At each of the three levels (board, corporate and business unit), statistically significant relationships were found between at least one of the ambidexterity dimensions and MBF performance, providing partial support of the hypotheses.

Submitted by Aline Martins (1146629@mackenzie.br) on 2016-05-24T18:36:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Fernando Ribeiro dos Santos .pdf: 1768004 bytes, checksum: eebc9c37aafbcb0fd7367ca5fc681a11 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2016-05-24T18:53:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Fernando Ribeiro dos Santos .pdf: 1768004 bytes, checksum: eebc9c37aafbcb0fd7367ca5fc681a11 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-24T18:53:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Fernando Ribeiro dos Santos .pdf: 1768004 bytes, checksum: eebc9c37aafbcb0fd7367ca5fc681a11 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-06 / This thesis revolved around four concepts in the literature of competitive advantage: capabilities, organizational ambidexterity, strategy types and organizational performance. Its main objective was to identify the relationship between organizational performance – as the result of the mediation among four types of capabilities – and the organizational ambidexterity, moderated by the type of strategy according to Miles and Snow’s (1978) typology. In order to reach the chosen objective a quantitative survey was carried out with 119 companies of the three sectors of economy: industry, commerce and services. A structured and closed questionnaire was applied following Likerts scales for each one of its items. Data was processed and evaluated through the technique of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with estimates in the method of Partial Least Squares (PLS), and using a SmartPLS 2.0 software. The analysis was done involving six models: three without the involvement of the capabilities and three involving the capability as mediator. The three main models were: the complete sample, the companies that were classified as Prospector/Analytical and companies classified as Defender/Reactive. The results identified a difference in the assessment of the indicators for the variables of ambidexterity and capability when comparing both groups of companies, as well as the existence of a representative index between ambidexterity and organizational performance, regardless of the group related to the type of strategic orientation. As a conclusion, the data shows that the variable capability has a mediating effect between organizational ambidexterity and performance, and the effect varies from total to partial, depending on the type of strategic orientation adopted by the companies, according to the model created by Miles and Snow (1978). / Esta tese envolveu quatro conceitos encontrados na literatura de vantagem competitiva: capabilidades, ambidestria organizacional, tipos de estratégia e desempenho organizacional. Teve como objetivo principal a identificação do desempenho organizacional como como resultado da interação entre quatro tipos de capabilidades e a ambidestria organizacional, moderadas pelo tipo de estratégia segundo a tipologia de Miles e Snow (1978). Para alcançar o objetivo proposto foi feita uma pesquisa de caráter quantitativo envolvendo 119 empresas dos três setores da economia: indústria, comércio e serviços. Aplicou-se um questionário estruturado fechado com escalas tipo Likert para cada um dos construtos. Os dados foram processados e avaliados por meio da técnica de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (MEE) com estimação pelo método Partial Least Squares (PLS) utilizando-se o software SmartPLS 2.0. A análise foi feita envolvendo seis modelos: três sem envolvimento das capabilidades e três envolvendo a capabilidade como mediadora. Os três modelos principais foram: a amostra completa, as empresas classificadas como Prospectoras/Analíticas e as empresas classificadas como Defensoras/Reativas. Os resultados identificaram uma diferença de avaliação dos indicadores para as variáveis latentes ambidestria e capabilidade ao se comparar os dois grupos de empresas; bem como a existência de coeficiente significativo entre ambidestria e desempenho organizacional, independente do grupo relacionado ao tipo de orientação estratégica. Como conclusão, os dados apontam que a variável latente capabilidade exerce efeito mediador entre ambidestria organizacional e desempenho organizacional, sendo que o efeito varia de total a parcial, dependendo do tipo de orientação estratégica adotada pelas empresas, segundo o modelo de Miles e Snow (1978).

Abstract Strategy is the use of combats to accomplish the goal of the war, but because each war differs in terms of its background and motives, creating a universal strategy for military purposes may not be possible. The military can have one peacetime sourcing strategy, but their wartime strategy is highly situation dependent. If resources are not available in wartime, there may be enormous losses. Resources must be secured through an efficient peacetime sourcing strategy, which demands a high level of organizational ambidexterity. The military in Finland are known collectively as the Finnish Defence Forces, although here we refer to the organization here in the singular as the FDF. The FDF is highly dependent on private transportation, but is also an important driver trainer and buyer of logistics services. Because a transportation system is central to society’s basic services, and its functionality is important for citizens, the private sector, securing vital functions of the nation and for emergency supply security. There is strong mutual dependency between the private transportation sector and the FDF, which makes for an interesting context in which to study also strategic partnerships. The articles included in this thesis consist of two quantitative data sets. The first empirical data set was gathered from the LSP members of the Finnish Transport and Logistics (460 acceptable responses, 17.7 per cent). The second data set was collected from the military, the security-related public sector and private industrial companies (149 acceptable responses, 18.01 per cent). The analyses include descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. The purpose of this study is to reveal possible problems and offer insights into the cooperation between the private transportation sector and the FDF, and the development of organizational ambidexterity in the FDF’s supply chain management. From a game theory perspective, how the FDF enhance supply security is important because the private transportation sector is extremely important for the FDF and vice versa. Logistics strategy influences direct logistics costs, so the FDF has a lesson to learn from its own practices, concentrating on quality instead of direct cost reductions considerably reduces total logistics costs while improving domestic transportation resources. / Tiivistelmä Strategia on taistelujen ohjausta sodan tavoitteiden saavuttamiseksi, mutta koska jokainen sota eroaa taustoiltaan ja motiiveiltaan, lienee universaalin strategian luominen sotilaallisiin tarkoituksiin mahdotonta. Armeijalla voi olla yksi rauhanajan hankintastrategia, mutta sota-ajan hankintastrategia on voimakkaasti olosuhteista riippuvainen. Sota-ajan resurssien saanti on kuitenkin pyrittävä turvaamaan jo rauhanajan hankintastrategialla, mikä vaatii korkeaa organisaatiollista kaksikätisyyttä, koska sota-ajan puuttuvan resurssit voivat aiheuttaa valtavia menetyksiä. Suomessa Puolustusvoimat on erittäin riippuvainen yksityisen sektorin kuljetusyrityksistä, mutta toisaalta Puolustusvoimat on erittäin merkittävä kuljettajien kouluttaja sekä kuljetusyritysten asiakas. Suomessa kuljetukset ovat myös keskeisessä asemassa yhteiskunnan julkisten perustoimintojen turvaamisessa, lisäksi ne ovat erittäin tärkeitä kansalaisten, yksityisen sektorin ja huoltovarmuuden kannalta. Näin ollen kuljetusyritysten ja Puolustusvoimien välillä on vankka keskinäinen riippuvuus, jonka vuoksi ne ovat hyvä konteksti tutkia strategisia kumppanuuksia. Tähän väitöskirjaan sisältyvät tieteelliset aikakausilehtiartikkelit rakentuvat kahden tutkimusaineiston ympärille. Ensimmäinen tutkimusaineisto on kerätty Suomen Kuljetus ja Logistiikka (SKAL ry) yhdistyksen jäseniltä (460 hyväksyttyä vastausta edusten 17.7 prosenttia valitusta kohderyhmästä). Toinen tutkimusaineisto on kerätty Puolustusvoimien ja muun julkisen turvallisuussektorin (poliisi, sairaanhoito ja palolaitokset) logistiikkapalveluiden hankinnasta vastaavilta henkilöiltä sekä soveltuvilta yksityisen sektorin toimijoilta (149 hyväksyttyä vastausta edustaen 18.0 prosenttia valitusta kohderyhmästä). Molemmat tutkimusaineistot ovat analysoitu kuvailevilla tilastollisilla menetelmillä sekä rakenneyhtälömallinnuksella. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on löytää mahdolliset ongelmat ja tarjota alalla toimivien henkilöiden näkemys Puolustusvoimien ja yksityisten kuljetusyritysten yhteistyöstä. Näiden myötä pyritään kehittämään Puolustusvoimien toimitusketjun hallinnan organisaatiollista kaksikätisyyttä. Peliteoreettisesta näkökulmasta on tärkeää kuinka puolustusvoimat parantamaan huoltovarmuutta koska kuljetusala ja Puolustusvoimat ovat erittäin merkittäviä toimijoita toisilleen. Koska ilmeisesti Puolustusvoimien logistiikkastrategia pyrkii vaikuttamaan pääasiassa suoriin kuljetuskustannuksiin, on Puolustusvoimilla opittavaa omista käytännöistään. Keskittymällä kuljetusten laatuun suorien kuljetuskustannusten sijasta voidaan logistiikan kokonaiskustannuksia alentaa ja samalla turvata kotimaisten kuljetusresurssien säilymistä.

Background – A firm that achieves organizational ambidexterity is managing the balancing act of refining existing capabilities while also discovering new opportunities in the marketplace. It has shown that the achievement of organizational ambidexterity will lead to better perfor- mance but also long-term survival. The challenge that comes with achieving organizational ambidexterity is present within all firms regardless of size. Yet, extant literature has focused on the research of larger firms. The characteristics may differ significantly between a larger enter- prise and a small-to-medium-sized enterprise. For instance, the amount of available resources appears to differ relative to firm size. As a result, it is reasonable to assume that the way organ- izational ambidexterity is achieved may also differ depending on the size of the firm. It is argued that management control systems play an important role with respect to organiza- tional ambidexterity. Further, these control systems may be viewed as a package of controls which through occurring dynamic tensions, provide the complexity needed for a firm to be ambidextrous. Yet, the role of these interrelated control systems and how they enable ambidex- terity is understudied among SMEs. Purpose – This thesis aims to explore management control systems as a package and its ena- bling role in achieving organizational ambidexterity within SMEs. Method – The empirical data was collected by interviewing members of the top management team within three different SMEs. The empirics were gathered through semi-structured inter- views and then analyzed in relation to reviewed theory within the package approach of man- agement control systems, by conducting a thematic analysis. Findings – The findings from this thesis suggest that SMEs need to find ways to allocate their finite resources in order to meet the current strategic challenge at hand. SMEs have a firm spe- cific focus on either refinement of existing capabilities or discovery of new opportunities de- pending on the current state of the marketplace. While both focuses may be present simultane- ously, the SMEs still need to prioritize one side over the other due to resource limitations. Hence, the findings suggest a hybrid between contextual- and sequential ambidexterity as the most appropriate narrative for the studied SMEs. Management control systems as a package fits into this narrative as tensions occur between the systems which triggers ambidextrous activities. A well-integrated package approach work as a navigation system and may thus facilitate the achievement of current strategic challenges. The finalized framework in this thesis comple- ments existing theory by suggesting two different scenarios occurring within SMEs. In order for SMEs to achieve organizational ambidexterity, a shift between these two scenarios occurs in the long run.

Abstract Background The major mobile infrastructure incumbent vendors form an oligopoly of mobile technology leaders that have not changed their business models significantly as new mobile technology generations have been introduced since 1980. The introduction of 5G and research in 6G have created uncertainty calling for openness, disaggregation of software from hardware, and variety of industrial customers. The incumbent vendors need to innovate technology and business model (BM) to increase their chances of survival. Objectives This thesis aims to investigate how mobile network infrastructure incumbent vendors use business model innovation (BMI) in context of uncertainties related to 5G & 6G disruptive innovation. The purpose of the thesis is to refine the extant theory of BMI and to provide practitioners with recommendations on how to use BMI in the nascent phase of disruptive innovation. Methodology The grounded theory research process based on an exploratory qualitative single-case holistic study is used. The primary data is collected from thirteen semi-structured interviews while supportive secondary data is publicly available and collected via the Internet. Using inductive reasoning the study data analysis process produced first-order concepts, second-order themes and aggregate dimensions used to refine and extend the initial theoretical framework for BMI process usage. Findings When faced with uncertainty of disruptive innovation, the industry incumbents use the scenario-driven thinking to simultaneously develop a portfolio of BMs both by in-house diversification and by mergers and acquisitions. The management of BMI process leads to foreseeing and leveraging of both the internal resources and external resources. The internal resources are developed using BM ambidexterity, double ambidexterity, and intra-organizational learning, The external resources are developed via business ecosystems development and open BM innovation. Development of the resources creates unique managerial challenges related to ambidexterity, coopetition, and cultural transformation. Conclusions Our study provides the empirical grounds for a model of BMI usage by industry incumbents. Our model extends the scope of the extant theoretical discussions and provides details supported with rich empirical evidence from the nascent phase of technological disruption. The emphasis is on the firm’s dynamics that deal with multiple BMs and their innovation. We argue that while studying the process of single BMI is beneficial, the full understanding of BMI can be achieved only by covering the management of interactions and interdependencies among multiple simultaneous BMIs. Recommendations for future research Multiple-case studies to cover other industries would be beneficial to achieve generalization. Also, the longitudinal approach should be used in future studies to understand the impact of the BMI process management choices in the nascent phase on the survival and performance of the incumbents.

We live in a society that is constantly developing. New challenges and new opportunities emerge all the time. Fortunately, human beings have a fantastic ability to adapt and find new solutions in new situations, i.e. to be innovative. Not just individuals but also organizations need to make room for innovative development. Organizations need to work on how to develop new products, services and processes. At the same time, each organization needs to work on improving the quality of existing activities. Previous research has shown that high value for the customer, i.e. that which often constitutes the goal of quality work, is achieved by the organization working in parallel on developing existing products, services and processes while at the same time driving innovative development forward. How organizations cope with the balance between these two perspectives has been researched and written about considerably when it comes to manufacturing companies. On the other hand, however, there is a lack of documented knowledge regarding how best to balance these two perspectives in the service sector in general and the public sector in particular. This thesis has been written with a view to contributing to existing knowledge about how innovation can be understood as a possible way of increasing customer value within the public sector. It seeks to create insight into how innovation is perceived as a phenomenon in order to increase value for the customer and into how innovation work relates to other aspects of current quality practices within the Swedish public sector. It has also been written with a view to contributing greater understanding to how some of the quality movement’s tools can increase innovation capacity in the public sector.             To fulfil this aim, a literature study and case studies have been performed. The case studies have been performed in Sweden at Lantmäteriet (Swedish Land Survey) and The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, (Sida). One of the case studies also included the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs and the Swedish Government. Three research reports have been written between 2012 and 2014, and these form the basis of the thesis.   The research findings give examples of organizations whose quality work focuses closely on systematic measurement and control of the work process and much less on innovatively developing new ways of increase customer value. The findings also show that there are a number of obstacles which the public administrations studied face to combine quality work with a greater ability to work innovatively. Given that innovative development is an important strategy for increasing customer value, the study indicates that some of the existing quality work is an obstacle to achieving greater customer value in the public sector.     At the same time, there are tools and values in the quality movement that can improve the organization’s ability to innovate. The quality movement’s core values and tools, such as systematic cyclical learning, can constitute important tools with which to create favourable conditions to improve innovative ability. This underlines the need for identifying where quality work strengthens and hinders innovation processes respectively. The research findings also stress the need to radically improve the work on innovative processes in the public sector in order to achieve the overarching goals of public administration more effectively. / Vi lever i ett samhälle som ständigt utvecklas. Nya utmaningar och nya möjligheter dyker hela tiden upp. Som tur är har människan en fantastisk förmåga att anpassa sig och finna nya lösningar i nya situationer, d.v.s. vara innovativ. Inte bara individer utan även organisationer behöver ha utrymme för innovativ utveckling. Organisationer behöver arbeta med hur man skall utveckla nya varor, tjänster och processer. Samtidigt behöver varje organisation också arbeta med att utveckla kvalitén i befintlig verksamhet. Tidigare forskning har visat att ett högt värde för kunden, d.v.s. det som ofta utgör målet för kvalitetsarbete, uppnås genom att organisationen parallellt arbetar med utveckling av befintliga produkter, tjänster och processer samtidigt som man driver en innovativ utveckling. Hur organisationer hanterar balansen mellan dessa två perspektiv har det forskats och skrivits en hel del om för varuproducerande företag. Däremot saknas det dokumenterad kunskap om hur man balanserar dessa perspektiv på bästa sätt inom den tjänsteproducerande sektorn i allmänhet och den offentliga sektorn i synnerhet. Denna avhandling skrivs i syfte att bidra till befintlig kunskap om hur innovation kan förstås som en möjlig väg att öka kundvärdet inom den offentliga sektorn. Avhandlingen söker skapa insikt om hur innovation uppfattas som fenomen i syfte att öka värde för kunden samt hur det innovativa arbetet förhåller sig till andra moment av pågående kvalitetsarbete inom den svenska offentliga sektorn. Avhandlingen har även skrivits i syfte att bidra till ökad förståelse av hur vissa av kvalitetsrörelsens verktyg kan öka innovations-kapaciteten inom offentlig sektor.             För att svara upp mot syftet har en litteraturstudie samt fallstudier genomförts. Fallstudierna har genomförts i Sverige på myndigheterna Lantmäteriet samt på biståndsmyndigheten Sida. I en fallstudie ingick även utrikesdepartementet samt den svenska regeringen. Tre forskningsrapporter har under åren 2012 till 2014 skrivits och dessa utgör underlag för denna avhandling.   Resultatet av forskningen ger exempel på organisationer som i sitt kvalitetsarbete har ett stort fokus på systematisk mätning och kontroll av arbetsprocesser och betydligt mindre på att innovativt utveckla nya sätt att öka värdet för kunden. Resultatet av forskningen visar också att det finns ett antal hinder för de studerade offentliga förvaltningarna att kombinera det pågående kvalitetsarbetet med en ökad förmåga att arbeta innovativt. Givet att innovativ utveckling är en viktig strategi för att öka kundvärdet indikerar studien att delar av befintligt kvalitetsarbete utgör hinder för att nå ökat kundvärde inom offentlig sektor.     Samtidigt finns det inom kvalitetsrörelsen verktyg och värderingar som kan öka organisationens förmåga till innovation. Kvalitetsrörelsens kärnvärden och verktyg som exempelvis systematiskt cykliskt lärande kan utgöra viktiga verktyg för att skapa gynnsamma förutsättningar för ökad innovationsförmåga. Detta understryker behovet av att identifiera var kvalitetsarbete stärker respektive hindrar innovationsprocesser. Resultatet av forskningen understryker samtidigt behovet av att radikalt utveckla arbetet med innovativa processer inom offentlig förvaltning för att därigenom bättre nå den offentliga förvaltningens övergripande mål.

We live in a society that is constantly developing. New challenges and new opportunities emerge all the time. Fortunately, human beings have a fantastic ability to adapt and find new solutions in new situations, i.e. to be innovative. Not just individuals but also organizations need to make room for innovative development. Organizations need to work on how to develop new products, services and processes. At the same time, each organization needs to work on improving the quality of existing activities. Previous research has shown that high value for the customer, i.e. that which often constitutes the goal of quality work, is achieved by the organization working in parallel on developing existing products, services and processes while at the same time driving innovative development forward. How organizations cope with the balance between these two perspectives has been researched and written about considerably when it comes to manufacturing companies. On the other hand, however, there is a lack of documented knowledge regarding how best to balance these two perspectives in the service sector in general and the public sector in particular. This thesis has been written with a view to contributing to existing knowledge about how innovation can be understood as a possible way of increasing customer value within the public sector. It seeks to create insight into how innovation is perceived as a phenomenon in order to increase value for the customer and into how innovation work relates to other aspects of current quality practices within the Swedish public sector. It has also been written with a view to contributing greater understanding to how some of the quality movement’s tools can increase innovation capacity in the public sector.             To fulfil this aim, a literature study and case studies have been performed. The case studies have been performed in Sweden at Lantmäteriet (Swedish Land Survey) and The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, (Sida). One of the case studies also included the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs and the Swedish Government. Three research reports have been written between 2012 and 2014, and these form the basis of the thesis.   The research findings give examples of organizations whose quality work focuses closely on systematic measurement and control of the work process and much less on innovatively developing new ways of increase customer value. The findings also show that there are a number of obstacles which the public administrations studied face to combine quality work with a greater ability to work innovatively. Given that innovative development is an important strategy for increasing customer value, the study indicates that some of the existing quality work is an obstacle to achieving greater customer value in the public sector.     At the same time, there are tools and values in the quality movement that can improve the organization’s ability to innovate. The quality movement’s core values and tools, such as systematic cyclical learning, can constitute important tools with which to create favourable conditions to improve innovative ability. This underlines the need for identifying where quality work strengthens and hinders innovation processes respectively. The research findings also stress the need to radically improve the work on innovative processes in the public sector in order to achieve the overarching goals of public administration more effectively. / Vi lever i ett samhälle som ständigt utvecklas. Nya utmaningar och nya möjligheter dyker hela tiden upp. Som tur är har människan en fantastisk förmåga att anpassa sig och finna nya lösningar i nya situationer, d.v.s. vara innovativ. Inte bara individer utan även organisationer behöver ha utrymme för innovativ utveckling. Organisationer behöver arbeta med hur man skall utveckla nya varor, tjänster och processer. Samtidigt behöver varje organisation också arbeta med att utveckla kvalitén i befintlig verksamhet. Tidigare forskning har visat att ett högt värde för kunden, d.v.s. det som ofta utgör målet för kvalitetsarbete, uppnås genom att organisationen parallellt arbetar med utveckling av befintliga produkter, tjänster och processer samtidigt som man driver en innovativ utveckling. Hur organisationer hanterar balansen mellan dessa två perspektiv har det forskats och skrivits en hel del om för varuproducerande företag. Däremot saknas det dokumenterad kunskap om hur man balanserar dessa perspektiv på bästa sätt inom den tjänsteproducerande sektorn i allmänhet och den offentliga sektorn i synnerhet. Denna avhandling skrivs i syfte att bidra till befintlig kunskap om hur innovation kan förstås som en möjlig väg att öka kundvärdet inom den offentliga sektorn. Avhandlingen söker skapa insikt om hur innovation uppfattas som fenomen i syfte att öka värde för kunden samt hur det innovativa arbetet förhåller sig till andra moment av pågående kvalitetsarbete inom den svenska offentliga sektorn. Avhandlingen har även skrivits i syfte att bidra till ökad förståelse av hur vissa av kvalitetsrörelsens verktyg kan öka innovations-kapaciteten inom offentlig sektor.             För att svara upp mot syftet har en litteraturstudie samt fallstudier genomförts. Fallstudierna har genomförts i Sverige på myndigheterna Lantmäteriet samt på biståndsmyndigheten Sida. I en fallstudie ingick även utrikesdepartementet samt den svenska regeringen. Tre forskningsrapporter har under åren 2012 till 2014 skrivits och dessa utgör underlag för denna avhandling.   Resultatet av forskningen ger exempel på organisationer som i sitt kvalitetsarbete har ett stort fokus på systematisk mätning och kontroll av arbetsprocesser och betydligt mindre på att innovativt utveckla nya sätt att öka värdet för kunden. Resultatet av forskningen visar också att det finns ett antal hinder för de studerade offentliga förvaltningarna att kombinera det pågående kvalitetsarbetet med en ökad förmåga att arbeta innovativt. Givet att innovativ utveckling är en viktig strategi för att öka kundvärdet indikerar studien att delar av befintligt kvalitetsarbete utgör hinder för att nå ökat kundvärde inom offentlig sektor.     Samtidigt finns det inom kvalitetsrörelsen verktyg och värderingar som kan öka organisationens förmåga till innovation. Kvalitetsrörelsens kärnvärden och verktyg som exempelvis systematiskt cykliskt lärande kan utgöra viktiga verktyg för att skapa gynnsamma förutsättningar för ökad innovationsförmåga. Detta understryker behovet av att identifiera var kvalitetsarbete stärker respektive hindrar innovationsprocesser. Resultatet av forskningen understryker samtidigt behovet av att radikalt utveckla arbetet med innovativa processer inom offentlig förvaltning för att därigenom bättre nå den offentliga förvaltningens övergripande mål.

A literatura acadêmica é omissa quanto a mensuração simultânea da relação indireta dos construtos Capacidades Dinâmicas (CDs) e Ambidestria Organizacional (AMB) sobre a ligação entre Orientação Empreendedora (OE) e Performance Organizacional (PO). Estudos anteriores enfatizam a necessidade de maior aprofundamento teórico-empírico dos construtos CDs e AMB, no entanto de forma isolada. Nenhuma pesquisa anterior buscou analisar, de forma coexistente, as duas relações indiretas. O objetivo geral desta tese é mensurar o impacto das CDs e da AMB como variáveis mediadoras da relação entre OE e PO. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa de natureza quantitativa e descritiva, de corte transversal, por meio da estratégia de pesquisa survey aplicada com 385 gerentes de empresas de médio e grande porte exportadoras e importadoras do setor de transformação localizadas nos três estados da região sul do país. A escolha deste segmento deu-se em função da representatividade do setor investigado e pela vocação industrial da região sul do Brasil. O questionário de pesquisa utilizado foi validado a partir de trabalhos anteriores, tendo sido composto por 69 questões (para mensuração das questões específicas utilizou-se a escala de 7 pontos de Likert). A análise dos resultados foi baseada na estatística descritiva, Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE), regressão linear múltipla, correlação, Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC) e Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (MEE) por meio do software estatístico IBM® SPSS® AMOS. Ao término do estudo, foi possível confirmar todas as hipóteses investigadas. Para efeito desse estudo, foi possível identificar os seguintes achados: forte poder de mediação dos construtos CDs e AMB; relação positiva entre as variáveis latentes OE e PO; o construto OE, por meio das variáveis proatividade e inovatividade, demonstrou-se forte antecedente de CDs; as dimensões exploration e exploitation são importantes antecedentes da variável AMB; o construto CDs contribui para obtenção de um melhor desempenho da firma; as variáveis capacidade absortiva e capacidade de inovação foram identificadas como elementos subjacentes da CDs; o relacionamento com os stakeholders, crescimento nas vendas e lucratividade são elementos-chave para mensuração da PO; e, a strategizing pode ser um elemento de ligação entre CDs e AMB. O estudo ainda apresenta um framework teórico resumido composto pelos quatro construtos investigados, associados às dimensões exploration e exploitation em relação a gestão de recursos, habilidades, competências e core competence. Por fim, a pesquisa revela importantes contribuições para estudos futuros, identifica as principais limitações do trabalho e sugere implicações gerenciais para gerentes de empresas exportadoras e importadoras do setor de transformação dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Santa Catarina/SC e Paraná/PR. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-08-03T14:27:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Rodrigo Marques de Almeida Guerra.pdf: 2517210 bytes, checksum: ad0c522c3a5471c07589ece74bd79119 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-03T14:27:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Rodrigo Marques de Almeida Guerra.pdf: 2517210 bytes, checksum: ad0c522c3a5471c07589ece74bd79119 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-03 / The academic literature is omit on the simultaneous measurement of the indirect relationship between the Dynamics Capabilities (CDs) and Organizational Ambidexterity (AMB) constructs on the link between Entrepreneurial Orientation (OE) and Organizational Performance (PO). Previous studies emphasize the need for greater theoretical-empirical deepening of the CD and AMB constructs, however in an isolated way. No previous research sought to analyze, in a coexisting way, the two indirect relations. The general objective of this thesis is to measure the impact of CDs and AMB as mediating variables of the relation between OE and PO. For this, a cross-sectional quantitative and descriptive research was carried out through the survey research strategy applied with 385 managers of medium and large companies exporting and importing the transformation sector located in the three southern states from the country. The choice of this segment was due to the representativeness of the researched sector and the industrial vocation of the southern region of Brazil. The research questionnaire used was validated from previous studies, and it was composed of 69 questions (for the measurement of the specific questions the 7-point Likert scale was used). The analysis of the results was based on descriptive statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis (AFE), multiple linear regression, correlation, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (AFC) and Structural Equation Modeling (MEE) using the statistical software IBM® SPSS® AMOS. For the purpose of this study, it was possible to identify the following findings: strong mediation power of the constructs CDs and AMB; positive relationship between the latent variables OE and PO; the OE construct, through the variables proactivity and innovation, demonstrated a strong antecedent of CDs; the exploration and exploitation dimensions are important antecedents of the AMB variable; the CD construct contributes to a better performance of the firm; the variables absorptive capacity and innovation capacity were identified as subjacent elements of the CDs; the relationship with the stakeholders, growth in sales and profitability are key elements for the measurement of the PO; and, strategizing can be a connecting element between CDs and AMB. The study also presents a summarized theoretical framework composed of the four investigated constructs, associated to the exploration and exploitation dimensions in relation to resource management, skills, competences and core competence. Finally, the research reveals important contributions to future studies, identifies the main limitations of the work and suggests managerial implications for managers of export and import companies in the transformation sector of the states of Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Santa Catarina/SC and Paraná/PR.