Workplace mistreatment, in the form of both incivility and aggression, can have a major impact on personal and organizational outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the mental judgments that individuals make before engaging in either uncivil or aggressive behavior. Data was analyzed in terms of both the potential costs and the potential benefits that an instigator could expect from engaging in such behavior, with specific emphasis on gender differences in cost/benefit expectations. There were no significant gender differences in either the perceived costs or the perceived benefits of engaging in incivility. The hypothesis that individuals with a low cost and/or high benefit pattern of responses of incivility were more likely to report instigating uncivil behaviors was also unsupported. The limitation of statistical analyses by a violation of the assumption of equal variances is discussed.

Incivility within organizations is a rampant problem with dire consequences,including adverse effects on both job satisfaction and psychological states. This study was conducted to address the gap in the current literature that looks at incivility within organizations. To date, no studies have assessed the impact of bottom-up incivility (i.e., incivility that is directed from subordinates to supervisors) on supervisor targets. Thus, this study investigated the impact of bottom-up forms of incivility of supervisors’ mental and physical states, as well as their levels of job satisfaction. However, due to small sample sizes, the current research was expanded to address the effects of both bottom-up incivility and other forms of incivility (i.e., peer-to-peer and superior-to-subordinate). As a result, the study consisted of two samples: bottom-up targets (N = 19) and targets of all forms of incivility (N = 89). In the bottom-up sample, results showed that instances of bottom-up incivility are a significant predictor of lower levels of job satisfaction. In the sample of targets of all forms of incivility, the results indicated that incivility was a significant predictor of lower levels of mental health. In the sample of targets of all forms of incivility, hierarchical regression analyses also showed that the effects of incivility on physical health were mediated by mental health.

The current study assessed the convergent validity of the Situational Assessment of Leadership – Student Assessment (SALSA©), a situational judgment test (SJT), with multi-source ratings. The SALSA© was administered to ROTC cadets via Blackboard; multi-source ratings, which paralleled the leadership dimensions of the SALSA©, were administered via paper. Each cadet completed the SALSA© and was rated by 10 peers, his/herself, and at least one cadre (superior). SALSA© scores were not correlated with any of the corresponding dimensions on multi-source ratings, with one exception. Cadre ratings of Consideration/Team Skills were positively correlated with SALSA© scores on the same dimension. This finding suggests that the multi-source ratings and the SALSA© are not measuring the same leadership construct. Self-ratings were significantly higher than peer or cadre ratings. Senior ROTC cadets scored significantly higher on SALSA© than did Junior ROTC cadets. Future research should focus on differences between autocratic styles of leadership and democratic styles of leadership and whether different SJTs are needed to measure each style.

Content validity methods, such as matching matrices, have been used to assist in the design and evaluation of training programs. In the present study, the Water Training Institute (WTI) curriculum was evaluated using a content validation approach. The purpose of the study was to identify topics that were being under-emphasized, over-emphasized, or receiving the correct amount of emphasis in the curriculum. A Job Knowledge Survey was developed and administered to subject matter experts to determine the importance of topics to the jobs that WTI graduates would most likely enter after graduation; the importance ratings were used as the criterion for the study. Subject matter experts in a Course Content Workshop indicated the amount of emphasis placed on each topic in four WTI courses. Matching matrices plotting job importance against course emphasis were created for each of the four target jobs for WTI graduates. These matrices did not identify any hits (i.e., topics receiving correct amount of emphasis). However, there were a number of deficiencies that were near hits. These findings will assist WTI in developing future courses and in redesigning their currently offered courses.

The present study examined procedural and distributive justice outcomes of discipline in an athletic team setting. A 2 (Consistency of Punishment: consistent vs. conditional) x 2 (Violation Severity: moderate vs. severe) x 2 (Punishment Severity: moderate vs. severe) x 2 (Decision Maker: head coach vs. team captains) factorial design was used. Participants responded to four of the 16 hypothetical scenarios resulting from the design. Participants included 354 fans in attendance at a several university athletic events and students in psychology courses. The results indicated that consistent punishment was perceived as more fair to the punished athlete, teammates, and fans than was conditional punishment. Consistent punishment was perceived as more likely than conditional punishment to deter future misconduct by the punished athlete and teammates. The findings of the importance of consistency to fairness perceptions are consistent with the organizational justice literature and suggest that principles derived in traditional organizations may apply in athletic team settings. However, the current study did not find that severe punishment was more likely than moderately severe punishment to deter future misconduct by the punished athlete and teammates, which was inconsistent with the research literature on punishment. The present research indicated that inconsistencies in applying punishment based on status likely will have a negative effect on fairness perceptions in an athletic setting just as it does in an organizational setting. Intercollegiate athletics are unique in the sense that there are many outside observers, most notably fans, who pay close attention to athlete misconduct and its subsequent outcome. According to the present results, if coaches are interested in fan perceptions of fairness, punishment should be consistently applied according to team rules for all players regardless of their status on the team.

O presente texto tratará das intrincadas relações intersubjetivas que se desenvolvem no âmbito empresarial. Avaliará as questões implicadas nas estratégias de treinamento, desenvolvimento e aprendizagem que decorrem de novas abordagens no setor da administração, no interior das empresas, acerca da otimização e melhor desempenho funcional. A perspectiva da psicologia organizacional e as abordagens a partir de um viés da ética do cuidado e da ética da sensibilidade solidária nos ajudarão a avaliar modos e possibilidades de perceber problemáticas em torno das organizações como uma área voltada ao desenvolvimento humano e à saúde mental dos trabalhadores. Considerando que nenhum trabalho é isento de sofrimento, haja vista a necessidade premente de se trabalhar para sobreviver, e que para todos existem fatores e demandas que direcionam as pessoas a grandes investimentos psíquicos, em diferentes configurações e ocorrências, muitas pessoas são conduzidas a viverem experiências tensas e gratificantes no setor de trabalho administrativo. As emoções são parte integrante do ambiente organizacional- empresarial, elas perfazem o pano de fundo que conduzem pessoas e grupos, refletindo no pensar e no agir de cada um, a terem que lidar com certa inteligência emocional diante de configurações que remetem ao irracional e ao esgotamento psíquico. Como as equipes de trabalho lidam com as emoções, os relacionamentos interpessoais realmente irão delimitar a extensão do clima organizacional. Os valores que estabelecem o comportamento organizacional é que qualificam a atmosfera organizacional, e sobre estas relações é que a presente pesquisa fará alguns aportes, a fim de compreender as possibilidades que a psicologia, juntamente com os valores éticos contemporâneos, tem para colaborar na qualidade de relacionamento intersubjetivo e do clima organizacional. / This text discusses the intricate inter-subjective relations that develop in the companies. It assesses the issues involved in training strategies, development and learning that arise from new approaches in the sector of administration, within companies, on the optimization and better functional performance. The perspective of organizational psychology and approaches from a bias in the ethics of care and ethic of solidary sensibility will help us evaluate ways of perceiving problems and opportunities around the organization as an area dedicated to human development and mental health workers. Considering that no job is exempt from suffering, given the pressing need to work in order to survive, and that exist for all, factors and demands, which drive people to large psychic investments, in different settings and events, many people are led to tense experiences and living rewarding in the area of administrative work. Emotions are an integral part of the organizational environment- business; they make up the backdrop of leading individuals and groups, reflecting on thought and action of each one, having to deal with certain emotional intelligence on the settings that relate to the irrational and mental exhaustion. The way work teams negotiates with emotions and interrelationship is what will really determine the scale of organizational climate. The values that establish the organizational behavior are what qualify the work climate, and on these relationships is that this research will make some contributions, in order to understand the possibilities that psychology, along with contemporary ethical values, can collaborate with inter-subjective relationship and with the organizational climate.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-06-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:58:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vizzaccaroamaral_al_me_assis.pdf: 3910634 bytes, checksum: 7de844476ffea8a940c86816d2c846cb (MD5) / Os altos índices de desemprego e subemprego no Brasil e no mundo requerem uma reflexão mais cuidadosa acerca dos impactos da nova ordem global. De um lado, um mundo globalizado, com suas demandas, ofertas e concorrências, uma disposição de forças que se chocam e que se atravessam (o ―kháos‖) e, do outro, a organização (o ―kósmos‖), com sua forma e sua ordem, construída com base em conceitos e teorias do mundo da ciência, da ordem e do controle (o ―Bem‖ e as ―idéias‖), por meio de seu arquiteto, o gestor (o ―demiourgós‖). A competência do gestor em controlar seus recursos organizacionais, nesse contexto, tem o propósito de garantir a produção da excelência necessária à sobrevivência de sua organização (a demiourgía da excelência). Por intermédio do mito cosmogônico de Platão, no Timeu, da psicodinâmica do trabalho e do estudo dos fenômenos de poder nas organizações, buscou-se compreender a participação do processo formalizado de seleção de pessoal, e do profissional envolvido em sua realização, na demiourgía da excelência nas organizações (uma vez que ela visa a garantir o controle de qualidade já no processo de provisão de pessoal), e analisá-la sob a perspectiva de que a qualidade total, aliada à flexibilização das relações de trabalho, tem sido fonte de aviltamento dos trabalhadores (a hýbris da demiourgía da excelência). Entrevistando gestores de recursos humanos, responsáveis pela seleção de pessoal de cinco grandes empresas nacionais e multinacionais da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo que, juntas, geram aproximadamente 90 mil postos de trabalhos em todo o Brasil, concluiu-se que a seleção de pessoal, pautada numa concepção platônica reducionista, atua como reguladora, normalizadora e mediadora na demiourgía da excelência, tentando garantir, com isso, condições para a antecipação de conflitos... / The high levels of unemployment and subemployment in Brazil and over all the world require a deep and careful reflection on the impact of the new worldwide order. From one side, a globalized world and its demands, offerings and competition, a set of strengths which crash and go across themselves (the kháos) and from the other side, the organization (the kósmos), with its design and order, built based on conceits and theories from the science, order and control universe (the Good and the ideas), through its architecture, the administrator (the demiourgós). The administrator competence to take over the organizational resources, in this context, should guarantee the necessary excellence to the organization survival (the demiourgía of excellence). Through the cosmogonic mith of Plato, in Timeu, the psychodinamic of work and the studies of the power phenomenon inside the organizations, it was tried to comprehend the participation of the formalized process of personnel selection and the professional involved with the process execution, in the demiourgía of excellence into the organizations (once its aim is to guarantee the control of quality in the process of personnel supply), and analize it from the perspective that total quality and flexibilization of work affairs together have been the source for worker depreciation (the hýbris of demiourgía of excellence). Interviewing administrators of human resources in charge of the personnel selection for five national and multinational big companies placed in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo City, which put together, provide at about 90 thousand jobs all over Brazil, it was concluded that the personnel selection... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Zacarias Pereira Borges / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T01:00:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diniz_NeusaLopesBispo_D.pdf: 1784198 bytes, checksum: 877eac0407ddf2cd4a4dd7bb279ba622 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O presente estudo, de caráter descritivo-analítico, analisa as percepções de Professores, Orientadores Pedagógicos, Vice-Diretores e Diretores, em escolas públicas de ensino fundamental, sobre aspectos relacionados à organização, condições e relações vivenciadas no ambiente de trabalho, articulados aos seus sentimentos de prazer, sofrimentos e desafios no processo de realização do trabalho. O principal objetivo deste estudo é, a partir das percepções particulares investigadas, compreender o sentido do trabalho para os trabalhadores e o que o mesmo pode significar para escolas públicas de ensino fundamental. Foram empregados dois procedimentos de coleta de dados: entrevistas coletivas, baseadas na perspectiva das entrevistas reflexivas, com ênfase na narrativa oral dos sujeitos pesquisados e; a aplicação de um questionário de afirmativas contendo 54 questões e estruturado a partir da noção de freqüência, elaborado com base na perspectiva de pesquisa sobre clima organizacional em instituições. O questionário objetivou investigar as percepções que os profissionais, envolvidos na pesquisa, têm do ambiente organizacional de trabalho no cotidiano, como sentem o clima na escola. Pelas suas características, permitiu ser aplicado a um número maior de participantes da pesquisa. As entrevistas recortaram uma parte desses participantes com a intenção de ouvir as suas narrativas singulares sobre o que esses trabalhadores podem falar a respeito do trabalho, dando visibilidade às razões, o sentido do trabalho, a problemática vivida pelos trabalhadores para realizar a sua atividade e os caminhos pelos quais buscam respostas para si próprios. O estudo envolveu 258 profissionais de 12 escolas públicas municipais de ensino fundamental da cidade de Campinas, sendo que desses, 58 profissionais de 05 das escolas colaboradoras participaram das entrevistas. Através das entrevistas reflexivas, os resultados demonstraram que as dimensões relações, condições e organização do trabalho, tanto no âmbito da gestão, como no âmbito da docência, estão relacionadas entre si pelo sentido de precarização/desprofissionalização do trabalho, havendo uma tendência à vivência de sofrimento, com nocividades para a saúde mental dos trabalhadores: a ansiedade produtiva acompanhada de sinais de exaustão, a tolerância ao sofrimento e em alguns casos, a saída individual da desistência, sobretudo, a desmobilização do trabalho. Configuraram estratégias de resistência/sobrevivência no ambiente de trabalho: a mobilização pessoal por meio de outros, as defesas coletivas no âmbito da docência, a gestão diretiva, a gestão compartilhada, a remoção, a estratégia defensiva do silêncio. As tentativas de humanização do trabalho na direção do trabalho coletivo apresentaram-se na análise do estudo. Haja vista, sua aparição em contextos isolados foram compreendidas enquanto ¿inovação no sentido de evolução pedagógica¿, sob a manutenção do mesmo sistema de poder. Os questionários, por sua vez, na aparente contradição dos primeiros resultados, demonstraram tendências à avaliação positiva, por grande parte dos trabalhadores, sobre aspectos das relações, condições, sentido, organização e estilos de gestão nas unidades pesquisadas. Mas apontaram, também, a intensificação e a flexibilização do trabalho, as distâncias entre professores e chefias. Sob análise comparativa aos dados das entrevistas, os questionários demonstraram as estratégias de auto-preservação dos trabalhadores / Abstract: The present survey has a descriptive-analytic feature. It analyses the professors, pedagogical advisors, vice-principals and principals¿ perceptions, in public schools of elementary teaching, about features related to organization, conditions and relationships experienced in the labor atmosphere, linked to their feelings of satisfaction, suffering and challenges in the labor accomplishment process. The main objective of this survey is, starting from the specific perceptions investigated, to understand the meaning of the labor to the workers and what the labor can mean to public schools of elementary teaching. Two procedures were applied to collect the data: collective interviews based on the perspective of the reflexive interviews, with emphasis on the oral narratives of the investigated subjects and the application of a questionnaire of affirmatives containing 54 questions and structured starting from the frequency notion, based on the research perspective about organizational atmosphere at institutions. The questionnaire intended to investigate the perceptions the professionals, involved in research, have about the labor organizational atmosphere daily, how they feel the atmosphere at school. It was possible to apply the questionnaire to a greater number of participants of the survey because its own features. The interviews put asunder a fraction of the participants to listen to their individual narratives about what these workers think regarding to labor, giving perceptibility to the reasons, the labor sense, the problems faced by the workers to accomplish theirs tasks and the means they look for answers for themselves. The survey involved 258 professionals of 12 municipal public schools of elementary teaching in the city of Campinas. From these 258 professionals, 58 took part in the interviews. These 58 professionals worked in 5 of the 12 collaborating schools. Through the reflexive interviews, the results proved that the factors: relationships, conditions and organization of labor, as much in the management ambit as in the teaching ambit, are related among them by the sense of precariousness/desprofessionalization of labor, existing a tendency for living the suffering with harmfulness for the workers¿ mental health: the productive anxiety followed by exhaustion signs, tolerance to suffering and, in some cases, the individual desistance used as solution; the labor demobilization over all. The following configure strategies of resistance/surviving in the labor atmosphere: individual mobilization by others, the collective defenses in the teaching ambit, the directive management, the shared management, the remotion and the defensive strategy of the silence. The humanization trials of the labor on the direction of the collective labor were presented in the survey analysis. As shown by their appearance in isolated contexts, they were understood while ¿innovation in the pedagogical evolution sense¿, under maintenance of the same power system. The questionnaires, in its turn, in the aspect of contradicting the first results, showed tendencies for a positive valuation by most of the workers about aspects of the relationships, conditions, sense, organization and management styles in the researched units. The questionnaires also pointed the intensification and malleability of labor, the distances between professors and chieftaincy. The questionnaires also showed the workers¿ selfpreservation strategies under comparative analysis to the interviews data / Doutorado / Politicas de Educação e Sistemas Educativos / Doutor em Educação

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:10:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 713048 bytes, checksum: 7ec41f953f621f7c5ea9b523df67d4e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-16 / The changes in the world of labor are being followed by modification in the organizational psychology and professional education. In this context, the individual strives to fit the job market, projecting difficulties of resistance to the process of alienation. As the career ladder shows the workflow of the social running, contributing with the consistency of subjectivity, the purpose of this research is to debate the strain between alienation and emancipation of the pattern of professional education presented by the organizational psychology at the interface with the subjective elements presented by critical theory, which tend to prioritize the submission in detriment of the autonomy. Written by theoretical values with the aim of rearrange the tendencies of the world of labor, the current study includes the elements related to material aspects, cultural and subjectives of the organizational psychology and professional education. The bibliographic research privileges the critical theory of the Frankfurt School contribution suggesting the Horkheimer, Adorno and Marcuse with Marx, Weber and Freud; authors that debate about the domination mechanism of the capitalist system and the subjectives process of fellows inserted in this reality. Since Marx theory, one try to discuss how the material features promote the intension of alienated work. Based on Weber s theory, one try to comprehend the connection with rationality control ideology administrated with the utilitarianism intensification in the professional education and in the organizational psychology. One turn to Freud s theory to investigate the subjectives elements that immobilize the attachment rash of some individual to the capitalism inequality and the cultural industry illusion. With the science, the education, the labor and the individual are locus as much as reproduction and autonomy, this research is intended to provide elements to think about the correct confront of the transformation of objectives and subjectives condition that restrict the apprenticeship to emancipation. Is pointed out the necessity to mobilize forces from the work of organizational psychology and professional education in order to question the ideology of the administered society, whose overvaluation of the pragmatic model inhibits education dialectic against the harshness of apathy and exploration. / As transformações no mundo do trabalho estão sendo acompanhadas por modificações na psicologia organizacional e na educação profissional. Nesse contexto, o indivíduo se esforça para se adequar ao mercado de trabalho, projetando dificuldades de resistência ao processo de alienação. Uma vez que a formação profissional reflete a dinâmica do funcionamento social, contribuindo com a constituição da subjetividade, o objetivo desta pesquisa é refletir sobre a tensão entre alienação e emancipação dos modelos de educação profissional na interface com os elementos subjetivos, apresentados pela teoria crítica, que tendem a priorizar a submissão em detrimento da autonomia. De cunho teórico e com o intuito de desmistificar as tendências do mundo do trabalho, o estudo aborda os elementos relativos aos aspectos materiais, culturais e subjetivos da psicologia organizacional e da educação profissional. A pesquisa bibliográfica privilegia as contribuições da Escola de Frankfurt, propondo a interlocução de Horkheimer, Adorno e Marcuse com Marx, Weber e Freud, autores que abordam os mecanismos de dominação do sistema capitalista e os processos subjetivos do indivíduo inserido nesta realidade. A partir da teoria de Marx, busca-se discutir como os aspectos materiais promovem a intensificação do trabalho alienante. Com base na teoria de Weber, procura-se compreender a relação da ideologia de dominação da racionalidade administrada com a intensificação do utilitarismo na educação profissional e na psicologia organizacional. Recorre-se à teoria de Freud para investigar os elementos subjetivos que mobilizam a adesão irrefletida do sujeito às desigualdades do capitalismo e às ilusões da indústria cultural. Visto que a ciência, a educação, o trabalho e o sujeito são lócus tanto de reprodução quanto de autonomia, a pesquisa procura elementos de reflexão para o enfrentamento necessário à transformação das condições objetivas e subjetivas que limitam a aprendizagem para a emancipação. Ressalta-se a necessidade de mobilização de forças a partir do trabalho da psicologia organizacional e da educação no sentido de questionar a ideologia da sociedade administrada, cuja supervalorização do modelo pragmático inibe a educação dialética contra a barbárie da indiferença e da exploração.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:59:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Chaves Cavalcante.pdf: 5903922 bytes, checksum: a12b15ea1a85f76201b71961a4e5b960 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Human values are central to the study of the human being. Mainly because it is a theme connected to many themes embedded in psychology, such as welfare, sexuality, school performance, criminal behavior, etc. In the organizational environment, this issue can be well spent to be studied in line with several other relevant themes as performance, types of leadership and personality characteristics. This study aimed to develop an instrument that seeks to assess trends in organizational behavior based on functionalist theory of human values. The study will follow the basic topics for the development of tests, such as: array of specifications, items representing the descriptors of the theory, the judges analysis, standardization of electronic and print application, analysis of internal consistency of items, discriminative power analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, comparison of data samples, and intra-group standards. Data collection occurred in industries of the Polo Industrial de Manaus and in an electronic questionnaire with people who worked at the time of collection. Statistical analyzes were performed according to the reported above. Inconsistency was found in some of these analyzes, it was concluded that the instrument is not yet ready for mass deployment by requiring adjustments / Os valores humanos são centrais no estudo do ser humano. Principalmente por ser uma temática conectada a muitos temas inseridos na Psicologia, como é o caso do bem-estar, sexualidade, desempenho escolar, condutas delitivas, etc. No ambiente organizacional, esse tema pode ser bem aproveitado ao ser estudado em consonância com vários outros assuntos relevantes, como o desempenho e características de personalidade. Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um instrumento que visa à avaliação de tendências de comportamento organizacional baseando-se na teoria funcionalista dos valores humanos. O estudo seguiu os tópicos básicos para a elaboração de instrumentos: matriz de especificações, itens representantes dos descritores da teoria, análise de juízes, padronização da aplicação eletrônica e impressa, análise da consistência interna dos itens, análise do poder discriminativo, análise fatorial confirmatória, comparação dos dados das amostras, e elaboração de normas intragrupo. A coleta de dados ocorreu em indústrias do Polo Industrial de Manaus e em um questionário com coleta eletrônica com trabalhadores. As análises estatísticas e psicométricas foram realizadas de acordo com o relatado acima. O instrumento apresentou qualidades e imprecisões durante as avaliações, o que indica que esse instrumento precisa de ajustes para ser distribuído.