Anxiety disorders are among the most common and undertreated mental health disorders in the US (World Health Organization, 2001). Utilizing an online, correlational design and a sample of approximately100 American employees with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), this study will examine the impact of perceived organizational support (POS) on the help seeking behaviors of employees with GAD. It is predicted that POS will be positively correlated with likelihood of treatment seeking among employees with GAD, and negatively correlated with treatment seeking delay. It is further predicted that perceived mental health stigma will mediate the relationship between POS and these treatment-seeking behaviors. This research may hold significant implications for individuals suffering from GAD, as well as organizations that employ these individuals, as it may shed light on critical correlates of help seeking, and how organizations can promote treatment-seeking behaviors.

Syftet med studien har varit att ur ett arbetspsykologiskt perspektiv undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar en sjuksköterskas val av arbetsgivare. De frågeställningar studien ämnar besvara är om det finns samband mellan olika motivationsfaktorer och sjuksköterskors benägenhet att byta arbetsgivare, vilka aspekter av arbetet som anses viktiga samt vilka faktorer som skapar mest upplevd nöjdhet med arbetssituationen. Studien har genomförts med en kvantitativ ansats och 115 deltagare har besvarat en enkät med frågor som har formulerats kring ämnesområdet. Studiens resultat visar att sjuksköterskor anställda inom privat sektor är mer nöjda med sina arbetsgivare och att den största andelen av deltagarna hade valt att byta till en arbetsgivare inom privat sektor. Resultatet visar även att det främst var faktorerna en högre lön och lägre arbetsbelastning som påverkade sjuksköterskorna inom offentlig sektors benägenhet att byta arbetsgivare. För sjuksköterskor inom privat sektor var det faktorerna större gemenskap på arbetsplatsen och mer patientkontakt som främst skulle påverka valet att byta arbetsgivare. Faktorerna att känna sig nöjd med sin lön och arbetstider samt att ha möjligheten att hjälpa andra sågs som de viktigaste aspekterna av arbetet. / The aim of this study is to, from a work psychology perspective, investigate which factors that can affect a nurse’s choice of employer. The study aims to seek out whether a correlation between different factors and nurses desire to change employer can be found, which factors of the workplace that were considered most important and which factors that creates the greatest perceived satisfaction with the work situation. The study has been conducted with a quantitative approach and 115 participants has answered a questionnaire based upon the subject matter. The result of the study shows that nurses working in the private sector are more satisfied with their employer and the greater part of the participants would have chosen to switch to an employer in the private sector. The results also show that is was primarily the factors higher salary and a lower workload that affected the nurses in the public sector tendency to change employer. For the nurses in the private sector, the factors were greater community in the workplace and more patient contact that would primarily affect the choice to change employer. The study states that the most important aspects of the work situation were a satisfying salary, satisfying working hours and to have the opportunity to help others.

A questão dos riscos no trabalho tem ocupado um grande espaço nas discussões a respeito da saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores, sendo abordado por uma diversidade de enfoques teóricos, alguns essencialmente tecnicistas e outros que adotam uma perspectiva que privilegia os aspectos sociais. Cada um desses enfoques atribui uma importância diferente para a posição dos trabalhadores em relação aos riscos, mas, em ambos, os acidentes ocupam lugar de destaque em detrimento do adoecimento no trabalho. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar as representações dos trabalhadores a respeito dos riscos a que eles estão expostos na sua atividade profissional a partir da perspectiva sociológica de Bourdieu e da Teoria das Representações Sociais de Moscovici. Buscou-se comparar as representações dos riscos mais evidentes, como os de acidentes, com aqueles menos identificáveis pelo olhar leigo, como, por exemplo, a contaminação por produtos químicos. Para tal, optou-se por um estudo de caso de orientação etnográfica em uma única empresa - uma usina química de grande porte com uma estrutura organizacional complexa - cuja atividade se caracterizava pela presença de diferentes tipos de risco. A diversidade encontrada permitiu cotejar as representações dos diferentes grupos sociais presentes no local com relação aos distintos tipos de risco. Verificou-se, assim, que o acesso às informações técnicas (que depende da posição ocupada pelo trabalhador na estrutura da empresa) e a forma como se estabelecem as relações entre a empresa e os trabalhadores (que está diretamente vinculada à organização do trabalho) foram os fatores mais relevantes na construção das representações. A composição desses dois aspectos fez com que algumas representações fossem bastante próximas do discurso oficial da empresa, enquanto outras foram completamente diferentes. E estas últimas costumavam ser identificadas pela equipe técnico-gerencial da empresa como uma visão errônea dos trabalhadores. Conclui-se que uma verdadeira política de segurança, que inclua um enfoque de ‘análise de risco’ mais completo e efetivo do que o tradicional, que adota somente a perspectiva técnica como verdade, tem de estabelecer espaços realmente participativos, onde, além de possibilitar aos trabalhadores o acesso às informações técnicas normalmente capitalizadas pelos engenheiros, também favoreça a expressão das representações desses trabalhadores a respeito dos riscos. / Risk at work is a matter that has always prominent in discussions about workers’ health and safety. It has been studied for several theoretical approaches, some essentially ‘technicists’ and others adopting a point of view that attributes special relevance to the social features. Each one of these approaches gives a different importance to the workers’ opinion about the risks, but both give more attention to accidents than diseases caused by work. This research intended to investigate workers’ representation of risks that they are exposed to in their professional activity. By using Bourdieu’s sociological theory and the Moscovici’s Theory of Social Representation, it has sought to compare the representations of more evident risks, such as accidents, with those that are less obvious to a layman, like contamination by chemical products. A case study was carried out making use of the ethnographic approach in one particular company - a large chemical plant with a complex organizational structure - whose activity is characterized by the presence of different kinds of risks. The variety and complexity found allowed a comparison of the representations of different kinds of risk within the different social groups present in the plant. It was verified that the access to technical information (which depends on the position occupied by the worker in the company structure) and the way that relationship between the company and workers is established (which is direct linked to work organization) were the more relevant aspects in the construction of representations. The way these two aspects were composed in each case meant that some representations were closer to the ‘official discourse’ of the company, while others were completely different. And, the later were usually identified by the companies’ technical and management staff as an erroneous view held by the workers. It was concluded that a true safety policy is one which encompasses a more complete and effective approach to 'risk analysis' than the traditional one, which adopts only the technical point of view as a truth. This policy needs to be participative in that the workers are allowed access to the relevant technical information and have a forum in which to express their representations of the risks.

O adoecimento pelo trabalho esta intrinsecamente ligado ao modo como esse e organizado, sendo crescente a irrupcao de patologias mentais nos trabalhadores na contemporaneidade, em funcao dos processos de producao instaurados no modelo capitalista global vigente em nossos tempos. Ainda que o psicologo esteja entre os profissionais habilitados para a prevencao e tratamento de disturbios psiquicos, esta questao nao se faz presente no cotidiano de trabalho dos psicologos que atuam em empresas, cujas atividades profissionais sao direcionadas essencialmente para funcoes tecnicas e gestionarias. Esta pesquisa buscou investigar as explicacoes tecidas por estes profissionais sobre o adoecimento dos sujeitos na relacao com o trabalho e conhecer suas compreensoes sobre seu papel profissional, visando identificar vinculacoes entre estes dois aspectos. Partindo desta orientacao geral, foi possivel discutir elementos do proprio contexto de trabalho destes psicologos, o qual estabelece os contornos possiveis para sua atuacao. O metodo adotado foi a Etnografia, em uma perspectiva multissituada que abrangeu diferentes terrenos de pesquisa, perseguindo o objeto em suas diversas manifestacoes. O trabalho de campo contou com investigacoes bibliograficas, documentais e entrevistas individuais e grupais, realizadas com psicologos e com trabalhadores adoecidos pelo trabalho. A ligacao entre os materiais empiricos oriundos destes distintos momentos investigativos foi possibilitada pelo aporte de conceitos da teoria sociologica de Pierre Bourdieu, que auxiliou na compreensao do ambiente empresarial como um campo de disputas, cujos agentes ocupam posicoes na estrutura das relacoes que compoem tal campo, que delimitam suas praticas e atuam tambem sobre a construcao da sua subjetividade profissional. Constatou-se que embora a area reconhecida de atuacao profissional destes psicologos seja a Psicologia Organizacional, as teorias que informam suas praticas sao oriundas essencialmente da Administracao de Empresas, estando vinculadas a logica da gestao como principio racionalizador e de gerenciamento do comportamento humano, logica esta que se espraia dos contextos empresariais para os demais dominios da vida social. Consequentemente, as explicacoes produzidas por estes psicologos para o adoecimento dos trabalhadores sao formuladas a partir desta visao, que atribui a cada trabalhador a capacidade de manejar e gerir sua propria saude e, portanto, o adoecimento, que e justificado assim a partir de fatores individuais. Verificou-se que atividades voltadas para a saude dos trabalhadores nao pertencem ao escopo de trabalho dos psicologos organizacionais estudados, nao sendo sequer mencionadas por estes como passiveis de uma acao por parte desta categoria profissional no interior das empresas. Concluiu-se que, mesmo diante das limitacoes impostas pelo contexto, estas questoes devem ser debatidas com os psicologos, desde as etapas iniciais de sua formacao, visando ativar e potencializar resistencias e novos modos de fazer profissional / Work-related illness is intrinsically connected with the way work is organized. This is reflected in the increasing incidence of mental pathologies among workers nowadays as a result of production processes introduced as part of the prevailing global capitalist model. Although psychologists are qualified to prevent and treat these disorders, this is not part of the day-to-day work of psychologists who work in companies, as their professional duties normally involve essentially technical and managerial functions. This study sought to investigate the reasons put forward by these professionals for work-related illnesses and to understand their understandings of their professional role in order to identify links between these two areas. With these objectives in mind, aspects of these psychologists work context, which establishes the boundaries within which they act, were discussed. A multi-sited ethnographic approach covering different research locations and following the study object in its various manifestations was adopted. The fieldwork consisted of bibliographic and document researches and individual and group interviews with psychologists and workers with work-related illnesses. Connections were established between the various empirical data obtained during the different investigative phases with the aid of concepts from the sociological theory of Pierre Bourdieu. These helped to understand the business environment as a field of disputes whose agents occupy positions in the structure of relationships making up this field that impose limits on their practices and influence the construction of their professional subjectivity. It was observed that although organizational psychology is acknowledged to be the professional area in which these psychologists are trained to act, their practices are guided essentially by business administration and tied to the logicwhich spreads from business contexts to the other domains of social lifeof management as the principle by which human behavior can be rationalized and administered. Consequently, the explanations produced by these psychologists for work-related illness are formulated in terms of this view, according to which each worker is able to handle and manage his or her own health and, therefore, illnesses, which in turn are justified based on individual factors. Activities geared toward workers health were found not to fall within the scope of the work of the organizational psychologists studied and were not even mentioned by them as tasks that could be undertaken in companies by this group of professionals. In conclusion, notwithstanding the limitations imposed by the context, these issues must be debated with psychologists from the initial stages of their training in order to activate and reinforce resistance and reinvent their professional activities

The relations between faculty religiosity, changes in reliaious beliefs, and commitment to scholarly openness were examined through a survey of 257 faculty at three universities. A new measure of scholarly openness was developed for this study because of ambiguities in previous indirect and attitudinal measures. Patterns of faculty religiosity as a function of education, graduate school prestige, academic discipline, and educational period of religious change are generally compatible with previous studies, but patterns for scholarly openness are not. Faculty religiosity and scholarly openness were negatively correlated for those Faculty who had never experienced sinnificant reliaious change and for those who had changed from one religon to another, congruent with the hypothesis that religious faith and scholarly openness are incompatible, but the correlations were not strong. However, the two dimensions were uncorrelated for faculty who had changed in either more religious or less religious directions. Six factors contributing to religious change were identified by principle components analysis from responses to 31 reasons for change presented in Likert format and from scores assigned to faculty self-descriptions. Correlations between factor scores and scholarly openness suggest that the process of personal interaction concerning religious beliefs may be particularly significant in nullifying the antithetical relationship between religious faith and scholarly openness.

Although motivation to lead (MTL) was characterized as stable, recent research suggested otherwise. This study explored the malleability of MTL and its predictors. Individuals with high affective-identity MTL are motivated to lead because they enjoy leading. Individuals with high social normative MTL are motivated by an obligation to lead. Individuals with high noncalculative MTL are drawn to leadership because they avoid weighing the costs and benefits of leading. Applicants to a California college were sent a questionnaire on MTL and leadership self-efficacy (LSE) (Time 1 assessment, N = 2704). Four years later (Time 2), participants who responded at Time 1 were sent a survey on motivation to lead, leadership self-efficacy, college leadership experience, and leader identity (LID) (N = 96). Results showed that participants’ affective-identity and noncalculative MTL have decreased over time. Leadership self-efficacy at Time 2 and leader identity at Time 2 were related to the changes in all 3 categories of MTL. Only specific college leadership experiences related to changes in affective-identity MTL. Lastly, leader identity at Time 2 mediated the relationship between affective-identity MTL at Time 1 and Time 2. Most high school students applied to college aspiring to be leaders, but only students who cultivate their leader identity should continue to be motivated to lead. Implications are discussed in the context of the construct validity of MTL, specifically for student leadership development in higher education.

This study examines the factors that are important for team success by exploring the best possible criteria for selecting members for teamwork. Two models of team composition were proposed, productivty and synergy. The findings are discussed for their implications for team satisfaction and productivity.

The order of interview questions during the interview may influence candidate ratings, giving an unfair advantage to some candidates. This study was done to test the effect of the interviewer's need for cogniton, the desire to use cognitive energy, on primacy and recency effects during the employment interview. A transcript of competency-based behavior description interivew questions was given to nearly 300 participants. Evidence was found for recency effects only, and no significant differences were found that could be attributed to the interviewer's need for cognition.

With a growing interest in sustainability, organizations and researchers have begun to examine pro-environmental behaviors in the workplace (i.e. employee green behaviors). However, general understanding of employee green behaviors is currently limited due to a lack of measurement tools. In this study, a new scale was developed to measure employee green behavior descriptive norms, which are a source of influence on employee green behaviors that develops from observing others’ behaviors. Initial items and expected scale structure for the Employee Green Behavior Descriptive Norms Scale were developed based on the Green Five Taxonomy of employee green behaviors. Items were refined through pilot test data and a retranslation task. Data on the refined scale, the Ethical Leadership Questionnaire, and a Work-Family Culture Scale were used to test scale structure and gather evidence of construct validity. Study results supported the expected scale structure and construct validity of the newly developed scale. A multi-item, validated scale contributes to organizational assessment of employee green behavior descriptive norms and contributes to the scientific literature on employee green behaviors.

Low wage workers are faced with unique challenges such as shift work, scheduling conflicts, and increased job demands, all of which have the capacity to prevent work and family balance. Recently, supportive supervisors and flexible work arrangements have been suggested as essential to mitigating negative work family outcomes. Due to the underrepresentation of low wage workers in the literature, however, the nature of these relationships in the context of low wage work remains unclear. The present study examined the relationship between family-supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB) and work family conflict and enrichment as mediated by flexibility characteristics. The sample consisted of 104 supervisor-subordinate pairs working in various retail and fast food industries. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the hypothesized relationships, and although flexibility characteristics were not found to mediate the relationship between FSSB and work family outcomes, the overall model was supported. Results suggest that flexibility characteristics have a significant impact on work family conflict for low wage workers. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.