In 2007, revolutionary commander Daniel Ortega returned to power in Nicaragua, claiming to enact the “second phase” of the Sandinista Popular Revolution (1979-1990). However, this was not a return to revolution as Nicaraguans had come to know it. The Ortega regime established timely alliances with former adversaries, including the leadership of the Catholic Church as well as the nation’s business elites. Moreover, Sandinismo was recast from the figures of revolutionary militancy and the disciplined party-state to a personalistic vision of the loving patriarch, disseminating a kitsch-ified, religiously inflected doctrine of ‘love’ to the neoliberalized masses. Though Ortega was elected without a majoritarian mandate, his regime quickly grew in popularity while also consolidating an authoritarian political project that dismantled incipient liberal-democratic institutions and constitutional guarantees in the name of ‘the people.’ Based on 24 months of participant-observation research between 2014 and 2018 in the peripheries of a city located in the urban pacific of Nicaragua, a traditional Sandinista stronghold, this dissertation investigates the Ortega regime’s capacity to hail Nicaraguans into relation with Sandinismo and the FSLN party in the post-revolutionary moment. I argue that the material exchanges that are most often taken to explain the mobilizing capacities of authoritarian populism must be analyzed in conjunction with the economy of affects that circulate in and through exchanges, which issue powerful forms of identification that help sustain people’s attachments to the FSLN even when redistributive politics fades away. For historical militants and other Sandinistas that lived through the 1980’s, attachments to the FSLN are structured by way of a ‘revolutionary a structure of feelings’ that continues to be reproduced in the contemporary moment. For my interlocutors, the gift of being a Sandinista, narrated as a political birth, brought with it an unpayable debt that produces obligations to Sandinismo. It is this very structure of feeling that enables militants to cope with multiple injuries to which the party routinely subjects them, which I argue come to be experienced as sacrifices on Sandinismo’s behalf. Moreover I suggest that being wounded by the FSLN itself might afford pleasure, and that it might be the site of production of a victimized identity, one dependent on attachment to that which injures. Finally, I argue that for a younger generation, Sandinismo has also produced strong forms of identification in the absence of historically structured attachments. This time, attachments are predicated not on the notion of a revolutionary inheritance, but on Sandinismo as a patriarchal family which rewards its members with a sense of mediatized recognition, righteousness, and power in exchange not for sacrifices, but for following the injunction to ‘produce prosperity’ as good neoliberal subjects aspiring to gain access to a range of consumer pleasures. It is these affective excesses that sharpen the boundaries of the political community and invest it with a vibrance it could not otherwise achieve, inviting and enabling those that are part of it to the often violent, permanent defense of Sandinismo.

Pulsed-neutron borehole measurements involve a physical process in which a source emits energetic neutrons that lose energy upon collisions with formation nuclei, and are eventually captured by a nucleus to form a heavier, excited state. The excited nucleus decays to its ground state by the emission of gamma rays. Both thermal-neutron and gamma-ray populations decay with time at a rate defined by Sigma, which is a nuclear property that quantifies a material’s ability to capture thermal neutrons. The large contrast in Sigma between hydrocarbon and salty connate water enables calculations of water saturation directly from pulsed-neutron measurements. Sigma logs have proven useful in the assessment of thinly bedded formations because they exhibit a small volume of investigation, and have been deemed superior to resistivity logs in the petrophysical evaluation of carbonate formations. The recognized potential of Sigma logs in formation evaluation initiated the development of multi-detector Logging-While-Drilling (LWD) Sigma measurements. These measurements are acquired using one thermal-neutron and two gamma-ray detectors at different spacings from the source. Such a design is aimed at providing distinct radial depths of investigation to detect filtrate invasion in the near-wellbore zone. Despite their formation-evaluation potential, multi-detector time-decay measurements commonly remain affected by invasion, shoulder-bed, and well-deviation effects. The purpose of this dissertation is to develop a fast-forward simulation method to reproduce multi-detector time decays and combine the method with inversion techniques to improve the petrophysical interpretation of LWD Sigma measurements. First-order perturbation theory and a library of pre-calculated Monte Carlo detector-specific sensitivity functions and time decays are used to numerically simulate borehole Sigma measurements in realistic logging environments. The new simulation method is one hundred thousand times faster than rigorous Monte Carlo calculations and remains within two capture units of disparity. Next, the fast-forward simulation method is embedded within inversion algorithms to estimate layer-by-layer radial length of invasion and formation Sigma corrected for shallow invasion, shoulder-bed, and well-deviation effects. Both fast-forward and inverse modeling algorithms are benchmarked against laboratory and synthetic time decays. The improvement of formation Sigma obtained with inversion-based interpretation leads to an improvement in the estimation of Sigma-derived water saturation. Likewise, the estimated radial length of invasion is combined with neutron and density measurements to correct the latter for invasion effects. Results indicate that the inversion-based interpretation method is well suited for the evaluation of high-porosity formations invaded by salty mud filtrate. Inversion-based interpretation of field LWD time decays enables the estimation of lower values of water saturation when compared to conventional Sigma interpretation or resistivity methods. Estimated values of water saturation are as much as fifty percent lower than predicted by conventional interpretation of Sigma logs in the case of measurements affected by shoulder-bed effects, and as much as one hundred percent lower than predicted by the conventional interpretation method for measurements additionally affected by salty filtrate invasion. The key attributes of the combined petrophysical interpretation of multi-detector Sigma, neutron, and density measurements developed in this dissertation are that it explicitly enforces the physics of all nuclear measurements, honors the pressure and temperature dependency of reservoir fluid nuclear properties, and takes into account a-priori information such as mud-filtrate salinity, connate-water salinity, and bed-boundary locations. / text

El pensamiento de Ortega tiene gran vigencia, en especial su teoría sobre la vida humana, por lo que resulta de gran utilidad intentar exponer su pensamiento en lo que a este tema se refiere. Lo que pretendemos hacer en este trabajo es explicar la frase de Ortega: “Yo soy yo y mi circunstancia, y si no la salvo a ella no me salvo yo”, la cual aparece en las Meditaciones del Quijote. El esquema de este trabajo, por lo tanto, está supeditado a la forma u orden de esta frase.

Orientadora: Profª Drª Maria Amélia Sabbag Zainko / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação. Defesa: Curitiba, 2015 / Inclui referências / Linha de pesquisa: Políticas educacionais / Resumo: A tese se constitui como leitura metodológica dos textos orteguianos para, a partir de um registro temático, sistematizar perspectivas de Filosofia e de política para uma educação emancipatória. Dessa forma, a pesquisa teve duplo propósito, primeiro, fazer uma leitura política dos textos orteguianos para compreensão conceitual de emancipação política. Entretanto, para realização desta primeira etapa, buscou-se a sistematização de conceitos como Educação, Estado e Filosofia à luz de excertos de períodos históricos, bem como de teoria político-filosófica. No segundo momento, de posse de uma sistematização conceitual, sobretudo de Educação, Política e de Filosofia, atinou-se para construção conceitual de emancipação com base nas relações com outros autores da Filosofia, da Sociologia e da Política. Nesse sentido, em um dos capítulos, fez-se uma leitura pontual de aproximação e distanciamento entre Ortega y Gasset e Theodor Adorno a partir do que se compreende como emancipação para formalização do problema proposto, a saber, conceituar emancipação política. Nesse sentido, para execução da tese doutoral, a pesquisa fez incursões em autores das mais variadas matrizes para garantir o asseguramento de um debate que perpassa a Filosofia, a Sociologia, a Política e a Educação, no sentido de formalizar o conceito de emancipação política e sua configuração, também conceitual, de virtude. Palavras-chave: Filosofia. Política. Sociologia. Educação. / Abstract: The thesis constitutes a methodological reading of ortegian texts in order to systematize philosophical and political perspectives for an emancipatory education from a thematic register. The research thus served a double purpose, the first being to make a political reading of ortegian texts to understand the concept of political emancipation. To fulfill this first stage, however, we sought to systematize concepts like Education, State, and Philosophy in light of excerpts of historical periods, as well as of political-philosophical theory. In a second moment, having a conceptual systematization, especially of Education, Politics, and Philosophy, we worked on the conceptual construction of Emancipation, from relationships with other authors in Philosophy, Sociology, and Politics. In this sense, in one of the chapters, a pointwise reading of distance and approximation between Ortega y Gasset and Theodor Adorno, from what is understood as Emancipation; this was made in order to formalize the problem proposed, or conceptualizing Political emancipation. In this sense, for completing the doctoral thesis, the research confronted authors of diverse matrixes so to assure a debate which covers Philosophy, Sociology, Politics, and Education, in the sense of formalizing the concept of political emancipation and its (even conceptual) configuration of Virtue. Keywords: Philosophy. Politics. Sociology. Education.

Nuestra investigación, desde el marco de las políticas educativas orientadas a la población peruana con discapacidad, analiza a través de dos casos ganadores, la implementación del “III Concurso Nacional de Experiencias Exitosas en Educación Inclusiva” - 2010, el cual viene dándose por sexto año consecutivo dentro de las actividades realizadas con motivo de la Campaña de Sensibilización y Movilización por la Educación Inclusiva ejecutada por el Ministerio de Educación (MED) a través de la Dirección General de Educación Básica Especial (DIGEBE). Dada la situación de vulnerabilidad de las personas con discapacidad, consideramos conveniente investigar lo avanzado en la implementación de la política educativa dirigida a este sector de la población, dada la importancia de la educación como medio para el desarrollo integral de las personas. Por ello el objetivo central de nuestra investigación es el siguiente: Describir y analizar los factores intervinientes en la práctica docente inclusiva en los dos casos ganadores del III Concurso Nacional de Experiencias Exitosas en Educación Inclusiva – 2010, contrastando los discursos y las prácticas de los docentes y actores involucrados, a fin de elaborar recomendaciones que permitan fortalecer el proceso de educación inclusiva de alumnas y alumnos con necesidades educativas especiales asociadas a discapacidad. En ese sentido, la estructura de la presente investigación es la siguiente: En el primer capítulo presentamos el contexto, la problemática de la educación inclusiva, los objetivos y las hipótesis de la investigación. En el segundo capítulo desarrollamos el marco teórico que sustenta la educación inclusiva para estudiantes con discapacidad. En el tercer capítulo explicitamos la metodología empleada. En el cuarto capítulo, realizamos una breve descripción de cada uno de los casos estudiados en esta investigación. En el quinto capítulo presentamos los hallazgos a los cuales arribamos. Finalmente, en el sexto capítulo, exponemos las conclusiones y las recomendaciones producto de la investigación realizada, las cuales esperamos sean de utilidad para próximas experiencias de educación inclusiva a favor de estudiantes con discapacidad. Se ha comprobado que una actitud positiva de los docentes hacia el proceso de educación inclusiva genera una mejor disposición para educar a estudiantes con NEE asociadas a discapacidad. Asimismo, verificamos que la utilización de estrategias inclusivas innovadoras dentro del aula mejora el proceso de enseñanza –aprendizaje de los estudiantes con NEE asociadas a discapacidad. Finalmente, identificamos que el trabajo coordinado entre el equipo SAANEE, el docente y la comunidad educativa, los padres de familia y la comunidad en general garantiza que el proceso de educación inclusiva tenga buenos resultados. No obstante, en las experiencias estudiadas también se detectó que existen ciertas dispedagogías por parte de los docentes que influyen negativamente en el éxito del proceso inclusivo. / Tesis

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:22:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Charles Santiago Almeida.pdf: 605860 bytes, checksum: fc5641750f5d687add700d549371c347 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-26 / Univesidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia / The dissertative proposal is guided in the sense of understanding the political concepts presented in the Ortega y Gasset work. For so much, it intends to identify them starting from an own logic that the author delineates in the formulation of its politicalphilosophical thought. Simultaneously, the relationship is looked for among Ortega y Gasset with other theoretical ones denominated of elitists, for example Gaetano Mosca, Vilfredo Pareto and Robert Michels. In that way, it is attempted to analyze if Ortega y Gasset has the same elitists theories and if the same is part of the elitist theoretical group. In that sense, the dissertation turns in two moments. In the first, it relates the Spanish philosopher with other theoretical ones to notice the consent and the disconsent among them and, after, to detect if there is structural singularity of the orteguiano thought or if Ortega y Gasset is in fact a elitist theoretical. Still on that moment, it intends to find the period in that Ortega y Gasset is placed and the socio-cultural dimensions that involve the author and its critical posture about problems that happened in 20th century. In the second moment, it is attempted an internal analysis of the work, The Masses Rebellion for the minorities and masses concepts of the structuring and systematization presented in the Quixote Meditations and Spineless Spain works. Being a bibliographical research, the discussion is grounded on a debate with several authors that referred the theme and they didn't drain it. Due to that, it is important to notice the Ortega y Gasset contributions in the debate that refer the politics notion and philosophy through the minorities and masses concepts / A proposta dissertativa orientou-se no sentido de compreender os conceitos políticos apresentados na obra de Ortega y Gasset. Para tanto, pretendeu-se identificálos a partir de uma lógica própria que o autor delineia na formulação de seu pensamento político-filosófico. Simultaneamente, buscou-se a relação entre Ortega y Gasset com outros teóricos denominados de elitistas, a exemplo de Gaetano Mosca, Vilfredo Pareto e, Robert Michels. Dessa forma, Intentou-se averiguar se Ortega y Gasset comungava das teorias elitistas e se o mesmo compôs o grupo de teóricos elitistas. Nesse sentido, a dissertação está dividida em dois momentos. No primeiro, relaciona o filósofo espanhol com outros teóricos para perceber o consenso e o dissenso entre eles e, em seguida, detectar se há singularidade tessitura do pensamento orteguiano ou se Ortega y Gasset é de fato um teórico elitista. Ainda nesse momento, pretendeu situar o período em que Ortega y Gasset se encontrava e as dimensões sócioculturais que envolveram o autor e sua postura crítica frente aos problemas que assolaram o século XX. No segundo momento, intentou-se uma análise interna da obra A Rebelião das Massas para estruturação e sistematização dos conceitos de minorias e massas apresentados nas obras Meditações de Quixote e Espanha Invertebrada. Tratando-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, a discussão ora apresentada é fruto de um debate com vários autores que circunscreveram o tema e não o esgotaram. Por conta disso, é importante notar as contribuições de Ortega y Gasset no debate que circula a noção de política e filosofia através dos conceitos de minorias e massas

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:57:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Charles Santiago Almeida.pdf: 605860 bytes, checksum: fc5641750f5d687add700d549371c347 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-26 / Univesidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia / The dissertative proposal is guided in the sense of understanding the political concepts presented in the Ortega y Gasset work. For so much, it intends to identify them starting from an own logic that the author delineates in the formulation of its politicalphilosophical thought. Simultaneously, the relationship is looked for among Ortega y Gasset with other theoretical ones denominated of elitists, for example Gaetano Mosca, Vilfredo Pareto and Robert Michels. In that way, it is attempted to analyze if Ortega y Gasset has the same elitists theories and if the same is part of the elitist theoretical group. In that sense, the dissertation turns in two moments. In the first, it relates the Spanish philosopher with other theoretical ones to notice the consent and the disconsent among them and, after, to detect if there is structural singularity of the orteguiano thought or if Ortega y Gasset is in fact a elitist theoretical. Still on that moment, it intends to find the period in that Ortega y Gasset is placed and the socio-cultural dimensions that involve the author and its critical posture about problems that happened in 20th century. In the second moment, it is attempted an internal analysis of the work, The Masses Rebellion for the minorities and masses concepts of the structuring and systematization presented in the Quixote Meditations and Spineless Spain works. Being a bibliographical research, the discussion is grounded on a debate with several authors that referred the theme and they didn't drain it. Due to that, it is important to notice the Ortega y Gasset contributions in the debate that refer the politics notion and philosophy through the minorities and masses concepts / A proposta dissertativa orientou-se no sentido de compreender os conceitos políticos apresentados na obra de Ortega y Gasset. Para tanto, pretendeu-se identificálos a partir de uma lógica própria que o autor delineia na formulação de seu pensamento político-filosófico. Simultaneamente, buscou-se a relação entre Ortega y Gasset com outros teóricos denominados de elitistas, a exemplo de Gaetano Mosca, Vilfredo Pareto e, Robert Michels. Dessa forma, Intentou-se averiguar se Ortega y Gasset comungava das teorias elitistas e se o mesmo compôs o grupo de teóricos elitistas. Nesse sentido, a dissertação está dividida em dois momentos. No primeiro, relaciona o filósofo espanhol com outros teóricos para perceber o consenso e o dissenso entre eles e, em seguida, detectar se há singularidade tessitura do pensamento orteguiano ou se Ortega y Gasset é de fato um teórico elitista. Ainda nesse momento, pretendeu situar o período em que Ortega y Gasset se encontrava e as dimensões sócioculturais que envolveram o autor e sua postura crítica frente aos problemas que assolaram o século XX. No segundo momento, intentou-se uma análise interna da obra A Rebelião das Massas para estruturação e sistematização dos conceitos de minorias e massas apresentados nas obras Meditações de Quixote e Espanha Invertebrada. Tratando-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, a discussão ora apresentada é fruto de um debate com vários autores que circunscreveram o tema e não o esgotaram. Por conta disso, é importante notar as contribuições de Ortega y Gasset no debate que circula a noção de política e filosofia através dos conceitos de minorias e massas

Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor / Sostiene que los métodos de abordaje del análisis crítico del discurso puede aplicarse con efectividad a textos literarios como Adiós, Ayacucho para poder detectar las diferentes situaciones sociales y relaciones de poder manifestadas en su construcción. Analiza, interpreta y caracteriza el discurso empleado en la novela Adiós, Ayacucho mediante el aporte teórico del análisis crítico del discurso, metodología ACD. Principalmente, se determina de qué manera las producciones discursivas permiten establecer diferencias sociales entre los sectores representados en la novela. Asimismo, se explica cómo estos se expresan mediante discursos claramente distinguibles para realizar demandas sociales. De este modo, se podrá identificar las relaciones establecidas entre los diversos actores sociales y la manifestación de poder a través del uso del lenguaje. Específicamente, este trabajo caracteriza los componentes discursivos en los enunciados emitidos en dicha novela e identifica y describe las ideologías intervinientes en el discurso, así como los mecanismos de poder y estructuras societales detectadas en esa narración. / Tesis

Os vínculos identitários associados ao toureio estão presentes na formação de um conceito de Espanha, apropriados por diferentes grupos ao longo dos séculos, e referendados por todos eles. A reflexão da historiografia presente na dissertação, indica a possibilidade de as touradas a pé profissionais terem se tornado o amálgama geográfico cultural no século XVIII, de uma sociedade aglutinada por um ritual espetacularizante, onde uma rigorosa estética se configurou como o cumprimento indissolúvel de uma nova ética burguesa, articulada por trabalhadores urbanos. Esse percurso de transferência das projeções simbólicas das touradas cavalheirescas nobres para as touradas a pé profissionais foi o resultado de um processo de crise e consequentemente de busca de novas alternativas de reiteração social e outros significados para o toureio. Assim, por meio de testemunhos documentais do século XVIII, na voz de um dramaturgo ilustrado, um cavaleiro plebeu e um famoso toureiro, perscrutamos os caminhos das apropriações identitárias e de que maneira aparecem como processos constitutivos de um sentido de Espanha, para a historiografia taurina contemporânea. / The identity ties associated with bullfighting are present in the formation of a concept of Spain, appropriated by different groups throughout the centuries, and endorsed by all of them. The reflection of the historiography present in the dissertation indicates the possibility that professional bullfights have become the cultural geographic amalgam in the eighteenth century, a society agglutinated by a spectacular ritual, where a rigorous aesthetic was configured as the indissoluble fulfillment of a new Bourgeois ethics, articulated by urban workers. This transfer of the symbolic projections of the noble chivalrous bullfights to the professional bullfights was the result of a crisis process and consequently of search of new alternatives of social reiteration and other meanings for the bullfighting. Thus, through documentary testimonies of the eighteenth century, in the voice of an illustrated dramatist, a plebeian knight and a famous bullfighter, we investigate the paths of identity appropriation and how they appear as processes, that constitute a sense of Spain for bullfighting historiography contemporary.

Os vínculos identitários associados ao toureio estão presentes na formação de um conceito de Espanha, apropriados por diferentes grupos ao longo dos séculos, e referendados por todos eles. A reflexão da historiografia presente na dissertação, indica a possibilidade de as touradas a pé profissionais terem se tornado o amálgama geográfico cultural no século XVIII, de uma sociedade aglutinada por um ritual espetacularizante, onde uma rigorosa estética se configurou como o cumprimento indissolúvel de uma nova ética burguesa, articulada por trabalhadores urbanos. Esse percurso de transferência das projeções simbólicas das touradas cavalheirescas nobres para as touradas a pé profissionais foi o resultado de um processo de crise e consequentemente de busca de novas alternativas de reiteração social e outros significados para o toureio. Assim, por meio de testemunhos documentais do século XVIII, na voz de um dramaturgo ilustrado, um cavaleiro plebeu e um famoso toureiro, perscrutamos os caminhos das apropriações identitárias e de que maneira aparecem como processos constitutivos de um sentido de Espanha, para a historiografia taurina contemporânea. / The identity ties associated with bullfighting are present in the formation of a concept of Spain, appropriated by different groups throughout the centuries, and endorsed by all of them. The reflection of the historiography present in the dissertation indicates the possibility that professional bullfights have become the cultural geographic amalgam in the eighteenth century, a society agglutinated by a spectacular ritual, where a rigorous aesthetic was configured as the indissoluble fulfillment of a new Bourgeois ethics, articulated by urban workers. This transfer of the symbolic projections of the noble chivalrous bullfights to the professional bullfights was the result of a crisis process and consequently of search of new alternatives of social reiteration and other meanings for the bullfighting. Thus, through documentary testimonies of the eighteenth century, in the voice of an illustrated dramatist, a plebeian knight and a famous bullfighter, we investigate the paths of identity appropriation and how they appear as processes, that constitute a sense of Spain for bullfighting historiography contemporary.