This study use regional development and input-output analysis investigates Luchu Base¡¦s industries in the development and operation period that impact of the southern regional. The multipliers and impact analysis was performed through regional input-output analysis for Luchu Base. The publishment of Taiwan regional input-output table has been stopped since 1981. Therefore, this study estimate the southern regional input coefficient table for year 2001 using Mathematic process Method and Location Quotient Method. Then using this input coefficient table to forecast the changes of output and employment in the southern region and each prefecture or city after Luchu Base established. Finally, this study evaluates the future development of Luchu Base for regional economy. The major finding include, the key effected industries during the development period of Luchu Base which are construction correlation industries would be fabricated metal products, non-metallic mineral products, iron and steel industries, and electronic machinery and other electronic equipments industries. In operation period, the significantly economical effects industries will be Luchu Base¡¦s planning industries that are electronic products, other industrial products, and other chemical products; especially the most output effect is electronic products industry. The significantly economical effects are finance and insurance, and trade and retail industries. The establishment of Luchu Base tends to have positively economical effects for southern region in the development and operation period.

Design and analysis of random-like codes for various multiple-input and multiple-output communication systems are addressed in this work. Random-like codes have drawn significant interest because they offer capacity-achieving performance. We first consider the analysis and design of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes for turbo multiuser detection in multipath CDMA channels. We develop techniques for computing the probability density function (pdf) of the extrinsic messages at the output of the soft-input soft-output (SISO) multiuser detectors as a function of the pdf of input extrinsic messages, user spreading codes, channel impulse responses, and signal-to-noise ratios. Using these techniques, we are able to accurately compute the thresholds for LDPC codes and design good irregular LDPC codes. We then apply the tools of density evolution with mixture Gaussian approximations to optimize irregular LDPC codes and to compute minimum operational signal-to-noise ratios for ergodic MIMO OFDM channels. In particular, the optimization is done for various MIMO OFDM system configurations which include different number of antennas, different channel models and different demodulation schemes. We also study the coding-spreading tradeoff in LDPC coded CDMA systems employing multiuser joint decoding. We solve the coding-spreading optimization based on the extrinsic information SNR evolution curves for the SISO multiuser detectors and the SISO LDPC decoders. Both single-cell and multi-cell scenarios will be considered. For each of these cases, we will characterize the extrinsic information for both finite-size systems and the so-called large systems where asymptotic performance results must be evoked. Finally, we consider the design optimization of irregular repeat accumulate (IRA) codes for MIMO communication systems employing iterative receivers. We present the density evolution-based procedure with Gaussian approximation for optimizing the IRA code ensemble. We adopt an approximation method based on linear programming to design an IRA code with the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart matched to that of the soft MIMO demodulator.

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology has been used widely in many wireless communication systems. Signals will be distorted when they are transmitted in wireless channels. For the reason that wireless channel is time or location variant, we have to estimate the channel impulse response and use the channel state information to compensate the channel distortion. In order to estimate the state of the channel, let the known training symbols put in front of the data symbols and use training symbols to estimate channel response. A typical channel estimate for MIMO OFDM systems is treated as spatially uncorrelated. However in many realistic scenarios, the channel tends to be spatially correlated. Indeed, we have no prior knowledge of the channel spatial correlation. So consider the spatial correlation, the channel can estimate accurately. And it is important that how to combine spatial correlation and channel estimation to reduce the estimation error. In the paper we propose a iterative channel spatial correlation and channel estimation algorithm. At first, channel spatial correlation estimation is obtained by synchronize symbols. The receiver uses the estimated channel to help the detection/decision of data symbol. And then the channel estimation treats the detected signals as known data to perform a next stage channel estimation iteratively. By utilizing the iterative channel estimation and signal detection process we can reduce the estimation error caused by channel spatial correlation estimation. The accuracy of the channel estimation can be improved by increasing the number of iteration process. Simulation results demonstrate the iterative spatial correlation and channel estimation algorithm can provide better mean-square-error performance.

In the thesis, we use the concept of single-negative metamaterials to reduce the antennas¡¦ coupling. Firstly, the multilayer insulator is proposed to enhance the isolation bandwidth. The isolation bandwidth is broadened by adjusting the individual layer of insulators with close but different operating frequencies. Then, the designed multilayer insulator is inserted in a planar antenna system. Isolation of the MIMO antenna system is below than -20dB. The measured and simulated isolation bandwidth is 8% and 6.9%, respectively. We then design dual-band insulators for dual-band MIMO antenna applications. The proposed dual-band insulator is implemented bystacking the insulators with different operating bands and the isolation of the dual-band MIMO antenna can be improved at both 2.6 and 3.5GHz bands. In the broadband insulator design, the T-shaped branch is proposed to broadenthe operating bandwidth. The measured isolation bandwidth is improved by 12.8% than that of the multilayer insulator. The bandwidth of the proposed broadband insulator can be used in other broadband communication standards.

This dissertation presents novel adaptive control laws in both state feedback and output feedback forms. In the setting of state feedback adaptive control K-modification provides a tunable stiffness term that results in a frequency dependent filtering effect, smoother transient responses, and time delay robustness in an adaptive system. K-modification is combined with the recently developed Kalman filter (KF) based adaptive control and derivative-free (DF) adaptive control. K-modification and its combinations with KF adaptive control and DF adaptive control preserve the advantages of each of these methods and can also be combined with other modification methods such as - and e-modification. An adaptive output feedback control law based on a state observer is also developed. The main idea behind this approach is to apply a parameter dependent Riccati equation to output feedback adaptive control. The adaptive output feedback approach assumes that a state observer is employed in the nominal controller design. The observer design is modified and employed in the adaptive part of the design in place of a reference model. This is combined with a novel adaptive weight update law. The weight update law ensures that estimated states follow both the reference model states and the true states so that both state estimation errors and state tracking errors are bounded. Although the formulation is in the setting of model following adaptive control, the realization of the adaptive controller uses the observer of the nominal controller in place of the reference model to generate an error signal. Thus the only components that are added by the adaptive controller are the realizations of the basis functions and the weight adaptation law. The realization is even less complex than that of implementing a model reference adaptive controller in the case of state feedback. The design procedure of output feedback adaptive control is illustrated with two examples: a simple wingrock dynamics model and a more complex aeroelastic aircraft transport model.

<p>IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet utvecklade år 2001 – 2002 i projektet “Klimat.nu – Den stora miljöutmaningen”, ett webbaserat verktyg för att upplysa och vägleda individen i klimatfrågan. Verktygets syfte är att kvantifiera fossila koldioxidutsläpp som en konsekvens av individens energikonsumtion; hushållsel, drivmedel m.m. Syftet är även att individen ges råd om hur man minskar CO₂-utsläpp genom att förändra sitt leverne. IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet vill utöka beräkningsverktygets innehåll till att även omfatta konsumentvaror. Studien har sökt svar hur enskilda individers olika typer av varukonsumtion sättas i samband med CO₂-utsläpp och vilka konsumentråd är rimliga att ge för att uppnå utsläppsminskningar, samt hur dessa minskningar kan kvantifieras.</p><p>I studien har ett systemanalytiskt tillvägagångssätt tillämpats och empirin har bestått av miljöexpanderad input-output-data (MIOA). Data har samlats in från Statistiska Centralbyrån (SCB) på miljöräkenskapernas data- och analyssidor. Insamlad data beskriver utsläpp som sker i varors livscykel till och med distribution till affär (indirekta utsläpp). Det är dock viktigt att ha varuklassers hela livscykel i åtanke så att försök till att minska konsumentens indirekta CO₂-utsläpp inte leder till ökade totala utsläpp. Dataosäkerheter har identifierats, vilka visar att insamlad data underskattar varors indirekta CO₂-utsläpp. Data grundar sig på antagandet att Sverige skulle ha producerat alla varor som importeras. I genomsnitt är ca 69 % av varors indirekta CO₂-utsläpp av utländsk härkomst, dessa länder har vanligtvis högre utsläppsintensitet än Sverige i sina produktionsstrukturer. I Sverige finns data endast tillgänglig med ca tre års fördröjning. I sin nuvarande form representerar data trots osäkerheter en lägsta nivå på olika varuklassers indirekta CO₂-utsläpp.</p><p>För att göra insamlad data funktionell i beräkningsverktyget prövades en metodik där utsläppsintensiteter beräknades. Utsläppsintensiteter tillgodoser kravet för att enskilda individers olika typer av varukonsumtion ska kunna kopplas till dess CO₂-utsläpp. I beräkningsverktyget innebär det att utsläppsintensiteter integreras, som tillsammans med en viss summa pengar, utgör underlaget för att beräkna individens indirekta CO₂-utsläpp. Ur ett individperspektiv är metodiken särskilt tilltalande eftersom pengar används som beräkningsenhet, enheten är något som individen oftast har lätt att relatera till. Användningen av utsläppsintensiteter möjliggör kvantifiering av en utsläppsminskning om individen spenderar en summa pengar på en varuklass med lägre utsläppsintensitet i stället en med högre. Med pengar som enhet kan även ”rebound-effekten” undvikas.</p><p>På grund av osäkerheter i dataunderlaget kan studien inte påvisa att förändrad konsumtion av varor leder till en faktisk utsläppsminskning. Störst sannolikhet att uppnå en faktisk minskning är dock om individen råds att fördela en summa pengar från en varuklass till en annan, i vilka det finns stora kvantitativa skillnader mellan utsläppsintensiteterna.</p>

Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Computer Science. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

As resources are limited, radio spectrum becomes congested due to the growth of wireless applications. However, measurements address the fact that most of the licensed spectrums experience low utilization even in intensively teeming areas. In the exertion to improve the utilization of the limited spectrum resources, cognitive radio networks have emerged as a powerful technique to resolve this problem. There are two types of user in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) named as primary user (PU) and secondary user (SU). Therein, the CRN enables the SU to utilize the unused licensed frequency of the PU if it possibly finds the vacant spectrum or white space (known as opportunistic spectrum access). Alternatively, SU can transmit simultaneously with the PU provided that transmission power of SU does not cause any harmful interference to the PU (known as spectrum sharing systems). In this thesis work, we study fundamental knowledge of the CRNs and focus on the performance analysis of the single input multiple output (SIMO) system for spectrum sharing approach. We assume that a secondary transmitter (SU-Tx) has full channel state information (CSI). The SU-Tx can adjust its transmit power not to cause harmful interference to the PU and obtain an optimal transmit rate. In particular, we derive the closed-form expressions for the cumulative distribution function (CDF), outage probability and an analytical expression for symbol error probability (SEP). / As resources are limited, radio spectrum becomes congested due to the growth of wireless applications. However, measurements address the fact that most of the licensed spectrums experience low utilization even in intensively teeming areas. In the exertion to improve the utilization of the limited spectrum resources, cognitive radio networks have emerged as a powerful technique to resolve this problem. There are two types of user in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) named as primary user (PU) and secondary user (SU). Therein, the CRN enables the SU to utilize the unused licensed frequency of the PU if it possibly finds the vacant spectrum or white space (known as opportunistic spectrum access). Alternatively, SU can transmit simultaneously with the PU provided that transmission power of SU does not cause any harmful interference to the PU (known as spectrum sharing systems). In this thesis work, we study fundamental knowledge of the CRNs and focus on the performance analysis of the single input multiple output (SIMO) system for spectrum sharing approach. We assume that a secondary transmitter (SU-Tx) has full channel state information (CSI). The SU-Tx can adjust its transmit power not to cause harmful interference to the PU and obtain an optimal transmit rate. In particular, we derive the closed-form expressions for the cumulative distribution function (CDF), outage probability and an analytical expression for symbol error probability (SEP). / Iqbal Hasan Haider, cell: +46704571807 MD. Fazla Rabby, cell: +46734965477

This thesis describes the study of the thermal response of the pyroelectric material named lithium tantalate or LT (LiTaO3) in aid of this material's possible use for temperature measurement. The temperature range studied was between 5-99oC. The sensor was excited using a silicon rubber heater. The lithium tantalate sensor and the rubber heater were enclosed such that the temperature would reach steady state faster. The enclosure was a small insulated box in order to reduce any extraneous effects on the sensor. The output signal of the lithium tantalate sensor was then amplified by using four different amplifying circuits and the voltage output was studied. The amplifying circuits included Current Mode, double Current Mode, Voltage Mode, and a modified Wien Oscillator. Results demonstrated linear dependencies of the voltage output as a function of temperature for the Voltage Mode and the modified Wien Oscillator. Using the modified Wien Oscillator amplifying circuit the slope of the line a 2.1mV/oC and for the Voltage Mode the slope was 1mV/oC. For both cases it was found that the range for the standard deviation of the measurements was 0.5< The data showed that the lithium tantalate sensor could be used as a temperature measuring device for the range mentioned above. The resolution of the data is high enough to be able to be detected with modern measuring devices and the standard deviation is low enough to allow for such measurements. Moreover, the linear dependence of the data allows for accurate measurements at each temperature within the range.

A novel technique of coupling near-field evanescent waves by means of variable period subwavelength gratings (1.2 ìm and 1.0 ìm), using a 1.55 ìm infrared semiconductor laser is presented for the use of an optical MEMS accelerometer. The subwavelength gratings were fabricated on both glass and silicon substrates respectively. Optical simulation of the subwavelength gratings was carried out to obtain the maximum coupling efficiency of the two subwavelength gratings; the grating thickness, grating width, and the grating separation were optimized. This was performed for both silicon and glass substrates. The simulations were used to determine the total system noise, including the noise generated from the germanium photodiode, sensitivity, and displacement detection resolution of the coupled subwavelength grating MEMS accelerometer. The coupled gratings were utilized as optical readout accelerometers. The spring/proof mass silicon accelerometer was fabricated using a four mask process, in which the structure was completed using two deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) processes. The designed serpentine spring styles determine the sensitivity of the accelerometer; when the springs are made longer or shorter, thicker or thinner, this directly attributes to the sensitivity of the device. To test function of the example of the devices, the accelerometer is placed on a platform, which permits displacement normal to the plane of the grating. The 1.550 ìm infrared laser is incident on the coupled subwavelength grating accelerometer device and the output intensity is measured using a geranium photodiode. As the platform is displaced, the grating separation between the two gratings changes and causes the output intensity to change. Using the coupled subwavelength grating simulations as a reference to the output intensity change with respect to gap, the mechanical and coupling sensitivity properties of as it relates to acceleration is presented.