目前台灣地區地籍圖已全面數值化，電子經偉儀等測量儀器亦不斷改良，土地複丈作業已進入數值化作業之時代。然而現今圖解地籍圖數化區土地複丈外業作業仍有以下二項缺失待檢討改進： 一、複丈外業作業無法於實地一次完成。 二、施測方式是否符合測量規範不易檢核。 為解決以上缺失，本研究針對圖解地籍圖數化區土地複丈外業測量作業流程進行程序管控，利用全測站經緯儀連接筆記型電腦，配合「土地複丈外業作業系統」，並增加外業測量程序管控的功能，將土地複丈外業測量程序與規範納入自動化監控，測量人員需依照電腦程序控制指示逐步完成施測，使土地複丈外業測量、計算、電腦套圖、成果檢核於實地一併完成，如此，不僅使測量作業標準化，確保複丈品質，更可縮減作業流程，提高行政效率。 本研究經以臺北縣中和地政事務所管轄之未辦理地籍圖重測之圖解數化區—南勢角段外南勢角小段與南勢角段頂南勢角小段為實驗區，分別針對土地分割複丈及土地鑑界複丈之外業測量程序以電腦管控，計算坐標後並於實地施以電腦套圖，其成果檢核均能符合地籍測量實施規則之規定，且能於實地一次完成土地複丈之外業作業。 關鍵詞：土地複丈、程序管控、電腦套圖、地籍測量 / Nowadays, because of the inventions and constant refinement of the electronic and computerized measuring tools and instruments, cadastral maps of Taiwan region are all made digitally. However, there are still two major failing flaws to land revision which needed to be modified: 1. Land revision is unable to be completed on site in one outing. 2. Whether the methods of measuring are under government rules and regulations are not readily monitored. In order to correct the failing flaws, this study mainly aims to monitor and control the process of land revision survey with the digitizing operation cadastral maps. To do so, a total station is connected to a notebook computer equipped with the “Land Revision Survey System” software along with procedure control functions. The computer will then monitor and control such activities in an automatic fashion. The surveyors only need to follow the steps given by the computer in order to complete the survey. Land revision of measuring, calculating, map overlapping and result inspecting can be completed all together on site in one outing. This not only standardizes the land revision procedures but also increases its accuracies. Most importantly, it curtails the time spent and increases the administrational efficiency. The regions selected for this research are all under the jurisdiction of Junghe Land Office, Taipei County, which covers the areas of Outer-Nanshijiao, and Top-Nanshijiao subsection, Nanshijiao section. They have yet to be re-surveyed and made into digitizing operation maps. The aim of this research is then to revision these areas by division and combination following the standard controlled procedures. All of the processes follow and comply with the rules and regulations to cadastral survey set by the government. And all of the survey activities are completed on site in one outing. Keywords: Land Revision, Controlled Procedures, Map Overlapping, Cadastral Survey

A two-sector OLG model illuminates the intergenerational effects of a tax that protects an environmental stock. A traded asset capitalizes the economic returns to future tax-induced environmental improvements, benefiting the current asset owners, the old generation. Absent a transfer, the tax harms the young generation by decreasing their real wage. Future generations benefit from the tax-induced improvement in environmental stock. The principal intergenerational conflict arising from the tax is between generations alive at the time society imposes the policy, not between generations alive at different times. A Pareto-improving tax can be implemented under various political economy settings. (authors' abstract)

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-09-28T16:48:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Analice Cabral Costa Andrade_.pdf: 544151 bytes, checksum: 520fbd750df60e0c64804793014968c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-28T16:48:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Analice Cabral Costa Andrade_.pdf: 544151 bytes, checksum: 520fbd750df60e0c64804793014968c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-11 / Nenhuma / Essa dissertação se prende a analisar a teoria da justiça de John Rawls e seus conceitos de véu da ignorância, consenso sobreposto, justiça como equidade e contrato social, compreendendo qual o significado do direito das minorias e analisando a teoria da justiça de Rawls frente ao ordenamento atual de direito (direito geral), verificando a relação desta com o direito das minorias. Para o Direito, precisa-se proteger a minoria da possibilidade de discriminação. A importância, portanto, desse assunto é analisar os princípios jurídicos e os ideais filosóficos da teoria de justiça de John Rawls a fim de esclarecer a relação entre os direitos das maiorias( geral) e o direito das minorias e a aplicação do consenso sobreposto como meio de diminuir as diferenças que o direito quer instituir. / This dissertation relates to analyze the theory of justice of John Rawls and his concepts of veil of ignorance, overlapping consensus, justice as fairness and social contract, understanding the meaning of the rights of minorities and analyzing the theory of justice Rawls against the land current law (general right), verifying its relation to the rights of minorities. To the right, one must protect the minority of the possibility of discrimination. The importance, therefore this issue is to analyze the legal principles and philosophical ideals of John Rawls theory of justice in order to clarify the relationship between the rights of the majority (general) and the rights of minorities and the application of the overlapping consensus as a means to reduce the differences that the right wants to impose.

The demographic structure seems to change dramatically over the next 50 years in the Czech Republic. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of expected demographic changes on the future development of a real interest rate and international capital flows. In order to simulate the impact of the expected demographic changes upon the mentioned variables we apply a computable overlapping generations model. The real interest rate development is simulated under a closed economy assumption. As a result of the future expected demographic changes labour-capital ratio tends to fall, i.e. the real interest rate diminishes. The range of a change is significantly affected by a public budget closure rule. In case of an endogenous income tax rate, the real interest rate falls down by 0.5 percentage point. On the contrary, the real interest rate decreases by almost 1 percentage point in case when public transfers adjusted. Assuming an open economy, we simulate the impact of the expected demographic changes on the international capital flows between the domestic economy and the rest of the world. In case of increasing ratio of older agents, the aggregate domestic wealth surpasses the demand for capital by domestic firms. As a result a part of domestic capital is exported abroad. Increasing level of net foreign assets contributes to positive change in ratio of the balance of payment to the domestic production in a range from 2 to 5 percentage points over next 40 years if income taxes or public transfers change respectively.

The estimation of motion of multi-camera systems is one of the most important tasks in computer vision research. Recently, some issues have been raised about general camera models and multi-camera systems. Using many cameras as a single camera is studied [60], and the epipolar geometry constraints of general camera models is theoretically derived. Methods for calibration, including a self-calibration method for general camera models, are studied [78, 62]. Multi-camera systems are an example of practically implementable general camera models and they are widely used in many applications nowadays because of both the low cost of digital charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras and the high resolution of multiple images from the wide field of views. To our knowledge, no research has been conducted on the relative motion of multi-camera systems with non-overlapping views to obtain a geometrically optimal solution. ¶ In this thesis, we solve the camera motion problem for multi-camera systems by using linear methods and convex optimization techniques, and we make five substantial and original contributions to the field of computer vision. First, we focus on the problem of translational motion of omnidirectional cameras, which are multi-camera systems, and present a constrained minimization method to obtain robust estimation results. Given known rotation, we show that bilinear and trilinear relations can be used to build a system of linear equations, and singular value decomposition (SVD) is used to solve the equations. Second, we present a linear method that estimates the relative motion of generalized cameras, in particular, in the case of non-overlapping views. We also present four types of generalized cameras, which can be solvable using our proposed, modified SVD method. This is the first study finding linear relations for certain types of generalized cameras and performing experiments using our proposed linear method. Third, we present a linear 6-point method (5 points from the same camera and 1 point from another camera) that estimates the relative motion of multi-camera systems, where cameras have no overlapping views. In addition, we discuss the theoretical and geometric analyses of multi-camera systems as well as certain critical configurations where the scale of translation cannot be determined. Fourth, we develop a global solution under an L∞ norm error for the relative motion problem of multi-camera systems using second-order cone programming. Finally, we present a fast searching method to obtain a global solution under an L∞ norm error for the relative motion problem of multi-camera systems, with non-overlapping views, using a branch-and-bound algorithm and linear programming (LP). By testing the feasibility of LP at the earlier stage, we reduced the time of computation of solving LP.¶ We tested our proposed methods by performing experiments with synthetic and real data. The Ladybug2 camera, for example, was used in the experiment on estimation of the translation of omnidirectional cameras and in the estimation of the relative motion of non-overlapping multi-camera systems. These experiments showed that a global solution using L∞ to estimate the relative motion of multi-camera systems could be achieved.

本文結合H-O模型與Blanchard(1985)的跨代模型來分析一小型經濟體系實 施永久性進口限額政策之後，對經濟體系中的各個變數之影響。結果發現 在無資本累積模型下，影響經常帳的效果有所得效果與財富效果。而在有 資本累積模型下，影響經常帳的效果則有資產替代效果。

<p>With an estimated 250 ethnic groups, Nigeria, no doubt, has been grappling with the problem of pluralism of ethnic nationalities. It is not news in Nigeria that extreme ethnic consciousness of its citizens has led to the victimization of one ethnic group by another. This victimization has come in the form of exclusions in the distribution of both wealth and power in the country.</p><p>Amidst all the exclusions, the unity of the country has been ironically regarded as sacrosanct, and should not be negotiated. It is often said that fate brought all the ethnic nationalities in order to form one great country. I subscribe to this belief that fate brought us together for the above purpose, especially now that several countries around the world are merging in one way or the other to form a formidable force to reckon with both politically and economically. Hence, “(ethnic integration) is the integration of capabilities. It develops the capabilities of the workforce… it offers opportunities for better synergy of skills”. However, it would be ethically unhealthy for the unity of the country not to be compromised under the present dispensation, which has been compromising in turn the basic moral principle of social justice. There cannot be any moral basis for the continued existence of a country like Nigeria, which as it were, has thrown equality of all citizens to the dogs.</p><p>Should the country remain united, it must do so by imbibing the culture of regarding all citizens, as well as, all ethnic nationalities as equal, and none should have more privileges than the others. Therefore, how can a plural society like Nigeria remain united as one indivisible country?</p><p>Rawls has offered some solutions to the problem of stability engendered by the pluralism of ethnic groups in Nigeria. His idea of ‘overlapping consensus of reasonable comprehensive doctrines’ in his Political Liberalism is capable of bringing back the country to the state of stability. There will be stability, if all forms of exclusion seize to exist in the Nigerian polity.</p>

The capability to resolve the contributions from spectroscopically overlapping fluorophores has enabled significant breakthroughs in cellular imaging. However, commercial microscopes for this purpose use analog light detection with least squares curve-fitting analysis and improvements in sensitivity are needed. To this end, a microscope has been constructed with high throughput and single-photon detection capability. The fluorescence is separated through use of a prism spectrometer or a series of dichroic mirrors into four spectral bands and detected using four single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectors, which provide high-quantum efficiency in the red spectral region. The detectors are connected to a time-correlated single photon counting module to provide sub-nanosecond temporal resolution for distinguishing fluorophores with different fluorescence lifetimes. Maximum-likelihood (ML) methods have been developed for analyzing the temporally and spectrally resolved photon count data from the SPADs to find the contributions from different fluorescent species and from background. Commercially available SPADs exhibit a count-rate dependent time shift in the impulse response function, and hence the instrument incorporates custom modified SPADs with improved timing stability. Nevertheless, there is still some time shift, and hence the ML-analysis has been extended to include this as an adjustable parameter for each individual SPAD. Monte Carlo simulations have also been developed to enable studies of the number of photons needed to resolve specific fluorophores.

With an estimated 250 ethnic groups, Nigeria, no doubt, has been grappling with the problem of pluralism of ethnic nationalities. It is not news in Nigeria that extreme ethnic consciousness of its citizens has led to the victimization of one ethnic group by another. This victimization has come in the form of exclusions in the distribution of both wealth and power in the country. Amidst all the exclusions, the unity of the country has been ironically regarded as sacrosanct, and should not be negotiated. It is often said that fate brought all the ethnic nationalities in order to form one great country. I subscribe to this belief that fate brought us together for the above purpose, especially now that several countries around the world are merging in one way or the other to form a formidable force to reckon with both politically and economically. Hence, “(ethnic integration) is the integration of capabilities. It develops the capabilities of the workforce… it offers opportunities for better synergy of skills”. However, it would be ethically unhealthy for the unity of the country not to be compromised under the present dispensation, which has been compromising in turn the basic moral principle of social justice. There cannot be any moral basis for the continued existence of a country like Nigeria, which as it were, has thrown equality of all citizens to the dogs. Should the country remain united, it must do so by imbibing the culture of regarding all citizens, as well as, all ethnic nationalities as equal, and none should have more privileges than the others. Therefore, how can a plural society like Nigeria remain united as one indivisible country? Rawls has offered some solutions to the problem of stability engendered by the pluralism of ethnic groups in Nigeria. His idea of ‘overlapping consensus of reasonable comprehensive doctrines’ in his Political Liberalism is capable of bringing back the country to the state of stability. There will be stability, if all forms of exclusion seize to exist in the Nigerian polity.

Though ultimately seeking more just law, civil disobedience still entails the breaching of a law. For this reason, most theories hold that people who practice civil disobedience must be willing to accept the legal consequences of their actions. On the other hand, a nation that is truly committed to justice will recognize that its constitution and legal order may in some ways fall short of perfect justice. In this thesis, I defend Rawls’s theory of civil disobedience as unique in its capacity for justification and even government toleration. Appealing to a shared conception of justice, Rawlsian civil disobedients are able to ground their actions in the same principles to which the state is committed. I argue that Rawls’s shared conception of justice is further substantiated when read in the light of his later theory of the overlapping consensus of comprehensive doctrines. I ultimately conclude that civil disobedience construed in the Rawlsian sense ought to receive some degree of toleration by the state, and particularly by constitutional states which maintain a formal commitment to justice in the protection of rights and intentional design of government institutions.