Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-06T13:02:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-05-07. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-10-06T13:19:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000847525.pdf: 1421430 bytes, checksum: adac97f26aec54c9b0abb820c7935e72 (MD5) / O surgimento constante de trabalhadores adoecidos reforça a necessidade de estudos que abordem aspectos do cotidiano no ambiente laboral, em especial, a precarização das condições de trabalho, introdução de novas tecnologias, e os modos de organização e gestão dos processos produtivos. Dentre as doenças do trabalho mais prevalentes estão as Lesões por Esforços Repetitivos/Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (LER/DORT), as quais relacionam-se diretamente à organização do trabalho que ignora os limites do corpo e as singularidades dos sujeitos trabalhadores. O objetivo principal desse estudo foi investigar os significados do corpo no trabalho em indivíduos com diagnóstico de LER/DORT. Para se alcançar o objetivo proposto foi realizado um estudo de caso, numa abordagem qualitativa, a qual está embasada na teoria sócio-histórica da Psicologia, conduzidos pelas concepções de Leontiev e Vigotski, em busca dos significados atribuídos pelos sujeitos da pesquisa. O meio utilizado para alcançar os dados foi através de entrevistas abertas individuais com nove sujeitos, os quais tinham diagnóstico de LER/DORT e eram acompanhados no CEREST de Botucatu. A partir das informações apreendidas emergiram três núcleos de significação: Necessidade de trabalhar: o corpo em movimento; Submissão do corpo: falta de autonomia/ poder; e Corpo impedido: eu travei, eu parei minha vida. Além desses, significados e elementos explicativos compuseram o esquema ilustrador dos resultados. A expressão que melhor define todo o processo saúde/doença aferido nas entrevistas de acordo com o cenário relatado pelos sujeitos é A extravagância de trabalhar doente, e o produto deste é um Futuro incerto. Repleto de sofrimento físico e mental / The constant appearance of sick workers reinforces the need for studies that address aspects of daily life in the work environment, in particular, the precarious working conditions, the introduction of new technologies, methods of organization and management of production processes. Among the most prevalent occupational diseases are the Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) and Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMD), which are directly related to the organization of the work that ignores the limits of the body and the uniqueness of each individual worker. The main focus of this study was to investigate the significance of the body at work in individuals diagnosed with RSI and WRMD. To achieve the proposed objective, a case study was held in a qualitative approach, which is based in the sociohistorical theory of psychology, conducted by the conceptions of Leontiev and Vigotski, in search of the meanings attributed by the interviewed individuals. The means used to achieve the data was through individual open interviews with nine subjects whom had been diagnosed with RSI/WRMD and were accompanied at the Worker's Health Reference Center (WHRC) in Botucatu. From the collected information, three meaning cores have been revealed: Need to work: the body in motion; Body submission: lack of autonomy/power; and Prevented body: I caught, I stopped in my life. In addition to these, meanings and explanatory material have composed the illustrator scheme of results. The phrase that best defines the whole process of health/disease measured in the interviews according to the scenario reported by the individuals is The extravagance of working sick, and the product of this, is an Uncertain Future, replete with physical and mental suffering

An earlier corpus study on Swedish university students’ errors concerning the use of apostrophes when writing in English (overuse, omission and misplacement) is contrasted to a new corpus study of upper secondary pupils’ texts. The results turn out to be similar: omissions are numerous among the upper secondary pupils, but overuses negligible. The proportionally most common errors are omissions in genitive constructions. This is contrasted to the views of the classes’ teacher, who perceived contractions to be more problematic due to these errors being more numerous. The essay also briefly deals with the teaching and the future of the apostrophe.

The present study analyzed the health benefits data of employees in a southwestern United States manufacturing plant. The data consisted of the prevalence rates of headaches, muscle injuries, upper respiratory complaints, and colds/flu for baseline (1985) and intervention levels (1986-1988) for five high-risk jobs. The prevalence rates of headaches and muscle injuries decreased significantly (p < .001) from baseline levels for all five job groups. Comparisons with a nontreatment group revealed significant decreases (p < .05) for three of the five job groups. The findings support the efficacy of the ergonomic interventions. A health surveillance system is recommended for early detection and prevention of cumulative trauma disorders.

De nos jours, la plupart des fabriquants de chaussures proposent des chaussures pour les jeunes joueurs de tennis qui sont des modèles réduits de celles des adultes. Cependant, les enfants ne sont pas des adultes-miniatures et ont des besoins spécifiques. Entre 8 et 12 ans, les enfants sont sujets à des poussées de croissance qui diminuent la flexibilité du membre inférieur et augmentent les forces de tension sur les sites d’insertions des tendons sur les os. De plus, la pratique du tennis à haute intensité, avec la répétition d’accélérations et décélérations, place d’importantes forces de tension au niveau de l’insertion du tendon d’Achille sur le calcaneus et d’importantes forces de compression sous le calcaneus. La combinaison de ces 2 facteurs augmente le risque de subir l’une des principales blessures de sursollicitaton chez les enfants : la maladie de Sever. Par conséquent, l’objectif de ce travail de thèse était de définir les caractéristiques d’un chaussant adapté au joueur de tennis enfant en terme de volume chaussant confortable et de limitation des blessures. Premièrement, une chaussette équipée de capteurs de pressions textiles a été conçue et la fiabilité de sa mesure a été validée. Ensuite, cet outil innovant a été utilisé afin de corréler la mesure de pression et la perception du confort sur 8 zones du pied, permettant ainsi de déterminer le volume intérieur de la chaussure optimal pour le joueur de tennis enfant. Deuxièmement, les effets aigus du drop de la chaussure sur la biomécanique des joueurs de tennis enfants ont été examinés et il a été montré que la réduction de 12 mm à 6 mm permettait de réduire les forces de réaction du sol et donc potentiellement les blessures liées à l’impact. Enfin, l’influence à long-terme de la réduction du drop de la chaussure sur la biomécanique et les douleurs au talon reportées par les jeunes joueurs de tennis a été investiguée. La réduction progressive du drop de la chaussure a induit un changement de patron de pose du pied, arrière vers avant-pied, pour la moitié des participants et a permis de supprimer leurs douleurs au talon. De futures études sont nécessaires pour examiner les adaptations structurelles du membre inférieur liées à l’utilisation de chaussures partiellement minimalistes. / Nowadays, most of tennis footwear manufacturers propose children tennis shoes that are scaled-down from adult shoes. However, children are not adult-miniature and have specific needs. Between 8 and 12 years old, children experience growth spurts that decrease the lower limb flexibility and increase the tensile forces on tendons insertion sites onto bones. In addition, the practice of tennis in high-intensity, with the repetition of accelerations and decelerations, places high tensile forces at the Achilles tendon insertion site onto the calcaneus and large compressive forces under the calcaneus. The combination of these 2 factors increase the risk to experience one of the main overuse injuries in children: Sever’s disease. Therefore, the aim of this thesis work was to define the features of a suitable footwear for children tennis players in terms of fitting comfort and limitation of injuries. Firstly, a sock equipped with textile pressure sensors was designed and its measurement reliability was validated. Then, this innovative device was used to correlate pressure measurement and comfort perception on 8 foot locations, allowing to determine the optimal inner-shoe volume for children tennis players. Secondly, the acute effects of shoe drop on the biomechanics of children tennis players were examined and it was shown that reducing from 12 mm to 6 mm allowed to reduce ground reaction forces and thus potentially impact-related injuries. Finally, the long-term influence of shoe drop reduction on the biomechanics and heel pain reported by children tennis players was investigated. The gradual reduction in shoe drop induced a switch from a rear- to forefoot strike pattern in half of the participants and allowed to remove heel pain for them. Future studies are needed to examine the lower-limb structural adaptations linked to the use of partial minimalist shoes.

Overuse of conventional antibiotics has led to increased multidrug resistant micro-organisms. Therefore, development of alternative drugs with new mechanisms of action in the control of resistant micro-organisms is urgently needed. Defensins, one of the larger groups of naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), found in a variety of species, may serve as templates for the development of novel therapeutic agents. The work completed in this study is based on an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), Os, derived from the C-terminus of a tick Ornithodoros savignyi defensin isoform 2 (OsDef2). OsDef2 was found to be active against Gram-positive bacteria only, whereas Os, showed bactericidal activity towards both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this study a series of synthetic shorter peptides, based on the sequence of Os, was utilised in order to determine whether shorter peptides would retain their antibacterial activity and selectivity. Initial screening indicated that only two fragments, Os(3-12) and Os(11-22), were active towards the tested Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the two fragments were determined and ranged from 30 μg/ml to 120 μg/ml. The MBCs of the parent peptide, Os (1.88 to 15 μg/ml), was considerably lower than that of Os(3-12) and Os(11-22). As previously observed for Os, neither of the peptides showed cytotoxic effects towards eukaryotic cells. The amidated analogue of one of the active peptides, Os(11-22)NH2, was further evaluated in terms of its secondary structure, antibacterial and antioxidant activities as well as cytotoxicity. Amidation increased the activity of Os(11-22) 16 fold towards B. subtilis (MBC of 1.88 μg/ml) and 32 fold towards both Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MBC of 3.75 μg/ml), whereas a 2 fold decrease in activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus (MBC of 60 μg/ml). Circular dichroism data showed that amidation altered the secondary structure of Os(11-22) from α-helical to mostly random coiled. In the presence of 30% serum the activity of Os(11-22)NH2 unexpectedly increased 8 fold against S. aureus (MBC of 7.5 μg/ml), but decreased 32 fold against E. coli (MBC of 120 μg/ml). The activity of Os(11-22)NH2 in 100 mM NaCl decreased 4 fold against E. coli (MBC of 15 μg/ml), but was completely lost (MBC >120 μg/ml) against S. aureus. The kinetics of bactericidal activity indicated that Os(11-22)NH2 killed B. subtilis and E. coli within 30 min and 120 min, respectively, whereas Os killed both bacteria within 5 min. Even at high concentrations Os(Os(11-22)NH2 was non-toxic towards human erythrocytes and SC-1 cells, moreover an increase in SC-1 cell number was observed at 120 μg/ml. The peptide showed strong antioxidant activity and was found to be 4 fold more active than glutathione (GSH), however Os was 3.4 fold more antioxidative than Os(11-22)NH2. Os(11-22)NH2 can be considered a dual functional peptide, since it possesses both antibacterial and antioxidant activity. The amidated peptide has the potential for use against the damaging effects of oxidative stress associated with infectious diseases and recovery of chronic wounds. Further investigation into structure-function properties of Os(11-22)NH2 is necessary. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Biochemistry / Unrestricted

As a common source of long-term pain and physical disability, overuse injuries, such as chronic tendinopathies, severely impact a patient’s quality of life. Caused by repetitive trauma, chronic tendinopathies affect hundreds of millions of people each year. The exact pathogenic mechanism in developing this musculoskeletal injury is still largely unknown, making clinical recommendations on the best course of treatment highly debatable. Nonetheless, advancements in biotechnology have made autologous blood products, specifically the use of platelet rich plasma injections, an increasingly popular method in the orthopedic field. Studies have shown that the concentrated platelet sample harbors a number of bioactive mediators. Once activated and injected at the site of injury, these growth factors and cytokines augment the natural healing process in tendinopathic cases. With limited reported complications, many clinicians believe that platelet rich plasma therapy is a safe and accessible treatment option for patients diagnosed with chronic tendinopathy. As such, the primary purpose of this paper is to determine the efficacy of platelet rich plasma injections in treating chronic tendinopathies. This literature review determined that current published studies and research on the effectiveness of PRP injections have produced contradictory results. Due to its autologous characteristic, platelet concentration differs significantly from patient to patient, contributing to high variability in terms of its effectiveness between patients. However, with low long-term costs and fast recovery, PRP injections are a promising, non-surgical intervention for treating chronic tendinopathies. Several patient-centered clinical studies have reported significant improvements in range of motion and pain management when compared to traditional injection treatments. These effects are maximized when administered under ultrasound guidance or when used in conjunction with a strict eccentric exercise program. Nonetheless, continued research is needed to determine optimal injection standards so that clinical recommendations can be further developed and supported.

Bakgrund: Kampsport är en samling idrotter där vinst erhålls genom att orsaka skada på sin motståndare och samla poäng, alternativt framtvinga ett avbrott via knockout submission. Forskningen är begränsad vad gäller prevalensen av  överbelastningsskador inom grapplingsporten brasiliansk jiujitsu (BJJ. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka punktprevalensen och fördelningen av överbelastningsskador hos utövare av BJJ, samt undersöka korrelationen mellan träningsvolym och svårighetsgrad i skador, såväl som skillnad i antal skador mellan grupper uppdelade enligt bältesgrader. Metod: En tvärsnittsstudie genomfördes där ”OSTRC overuse injury questionnaire” i samband med data om träningsvolym, träningserfarenhet och antropometri erhölls. Resultat: Tjugofyra deltagare svarade på enkäten, varav tjugotvå registrerade minst en skada, vilket ger en punktprevalens på 91.7%. Ländrygg(24%), nacke(20%)och skuldra(20%) var de vanligaste skadelokalisationerna. Korrelation återfanns mellan svårighetsgrad skada ländrygg och träningsvolym BJJ(r =0.410, p=0,047). Ingen signifikant skillnad återfanns mellan bältesgrader avseende antal skador Konklusion: Överbelastningsskador ter sig vanligt förekommande hos BJJ-utövare, där ländrygg är den vanligaste skadelokalisationen. Vidare forskning av högre kvalitet och med fler deltagare behövs avseende skadesituationen inom BJJ. / Background: Research regarding overuse injuries in martial arts is scarce, especially within a newly popularized grappling martial art called Brazilian jiujitsu (BJJ). Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the point prevalence and distribution of overuse injuries amongst BJJ practitioners, explore correlations between training volume and injury severity and difference in number of injuries between groups sorted by belt degree. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using the OSTRC overuse injury questionnaire together with data regarding training volume, training experience and anthropometrics. Results: Twenty-four participants answered the questionnaire, 22 of which recorded at least one injury, resulting in a point prevalence of 91.7%. Lower back (24%), neck (20%) and shoulder (20%) were the most common injury sites. Correlation was found between low-back injury intensity and training volume (r =0.410, p=0.047). No significant difference was found between belt degrees regarding number of injuries. Conclusion: Overuse injury seems to be quite common amongst BJJ practitioners, with lower back being the most common localization. Correlation between low-back injury intensity and training volume was found, hinting at risk factors in BJJ for developing lower back pain. The study design and small number of participants makes the results hard to generalize. More studies of higher quality are required for reliable results.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The unnecessary medical care causes a heavy financial burden for the patients themselves and the society, and they also negatively impact the quality of medical care. An estimated 13% to 27% of ED visits in the United States could be managed in physician offices, clinics, and urgent care centers, saving $4.4 billion annually, and 26 percent of hospitalizations were potentially avoidable at a cost of $5.6 billion in 2005. If we can help people become more aware of health care services, it could be a potentially effective way to reduce emergency service overuse. we focused on mental health service and social work service as intervention variable, preventable ED visit, preventable ED visit due to mental health problem and hospitalization due to mental health problem as outcomes to determine the impact of specific social service on utilization of specific health care service adjusting for other characteristics of patients (demographic and utilization history information). The data which involved 24074 patients was provided from and managed by the Regenstrief Institute. The date of having the specific service and the frequency of using the specific health care service per year from 2011 to 2014 for each patient was recorded as well as the baseline information including gender, age, race, primary care visit per year before 2011, ACG risk score at 2011, ED visit per year before 2011. For each of preventable ED visit, preventable ED visit due to mental health problem and hospitalization due to mental health problem, we fitted a multiple linear regression model to ascertain the effects of mental health service and social work service adjusted for the baseline information. There was a significant relationship between preventable ED visit & mental health service, hospitalization due to mental health problems & mental health service, as well as hospitalization due to mental health problems & social work service. We found that in most situation, social services were positively associated with health care service. But in the second model which described the impact of mental health service on utilization of hospitalization due to mental health problem, receiving one mental health service can reduce the utilization of hospitalization due to mental health problem, which is as our expectation. According to our study, appropriate amount of services appears helpful on reducing the overuse of ED and hospitalization due to mental health problem. However, people who overused ED or hospitalization in the past were also more likely to be frequent service users, and they tended to continue overuse ED or Incur more hospitalization. There is a group of people who overuse ED or hospitalization without having any service. ED or hospitalization may be their first choice because of their financial condition or other factors, which makes them have no interest to take services.

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