Title: The effect of sauna on the changes of blood pressure Objectives: The aim of this study was the measure of the physiological range (blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation) of two selected groups of people within the sauna cycle, assess changes and compare the results of individual probands and groups. Methods: This thesis is conducted as an experimental study. This is a quantitative method, in that will be at first established hypotheses and then evaluated on the basis of the obtained results. The independent variable in this research is the sauna and dependent variables are blood pressure, heart rate and blood oxygen saturation. Results: Blood pressure values were at employee of sauna lower than at other probands, thereby was confirmed hypothesis, but expected significant differences between the measured values of each group were absent. At the same time there was a further confirmation of the hypothesis concerning heart rate, which was increased at all probands. The last confirmed hypothesis related to the blood oxygen saturation and its reduce after the sauna. It could be said that all the defined hypotheses were confirmed. Keywords: sauna, blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, cardiovascular system

Title: The effect of sauna on the changes of blood pressure Objectives: The aim of this study was the measure of the physiological range (blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation) of two selected groups of people within the sauna cycle, assess changes and compare the results of individual probands and groups. Methods: This thesis is conducted as an experimental study. This is a quantitative method, in that will be at first established hypotheses and then evaluated on the basis of the obtained results. The independent variable in this research is the sauna and dependent variables are blood pressure, heart rate and blood oxygen saturation. Results: Blood pressure values were at employee of sauna lower than at other probands, thereby was confirmed hypothesis, but expected significant differences between the measured values of each group were absent. At the same time there was a further confirmation of the hypothesis concerning heart rate, which was increased at all probands. The last confirmed hypothesis related to the blood oxygen saturation and its reduce after the sauna. It could be said that all the defined hypotheses were confirmed. Keywords: sauna, blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, cardiovascular system

OBJETIVO: Diversos estudos demonstraram que pacientes com Esclerose Sistêmica possuem capacidade aeróbia reduzida. É relevante avaliar se o exercício aeróbio é seguro e eficaz para estes pacientes. MÉTODO: Sete pacientes com Esclerose Sistêmica e sete controles saudáveis participaram de um programa de oito semanas, que consistiu em atividade aeróbia de intensidade moderada duas vezes por semana. RESULTADOS: Pacientes e controles apresentaram aumento significativo no pico de consumo de oxigênio, e foram capazes de executar uma intensidade de exercício significativamente maior em relação ao pré-teste. O grupo Esclerose Sistêmica demonstrou aumento na saturação de oxigênio no pico do exercício. O escore de Rodnan foi similar antes e após a intervenção, e as úlceras digitais e o fenômeno de Raynaud permaneceram estáveis. CONCLUSÃO: O exercício aeróbio foi seguro e eficaz para pacientes com Esclerose Sistêmica, portanto, aumentar a capacidade aeróbia é uma meta possível no tratamento desta doença. / OBJECTIVES: Several studies have established that Systemic Sclerosis patients have a reduced exercise capacity. It is relevant to evaluate whether aerobic exercise consists in a safe and effective intervention for these patients. METHODS: Seven Systemic Sclerosis patients and seven healthy sedentary controls were enrolled in an eight-week program consisting of moderate intensity aerobic exercise twice a week. RESULTS: Systemic Sclerosis patients and controls had a significant improvement in their peak oxygen consumption and were able to perform a significantly higher exercise intensity when compared to baseline. Systemic sclerosis group improved peak exercise oxygen saturation. Rodnan score was similar before and after the intervention. Digital ulcers and Raynauds phenomenon remained stable. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic exercise was safe and effective in patients with Systemic Sclerosis, therefore increasing aerobic capacity is a feasible goal in the management of this disease.

OBJETIVO: Diversos estudos demonstraram que pacientes com Esclerose Sistêmica possuem capacidade aeróbia reduzida. É relevante avaliar se o exercício aeróbio é seguro e eficaz para estes pacientes. MÉTODO: Sete pacientes com Esclerose Sistêmica e sete controles saudáveis participaram de um programa de oito semanas, que consistiu em atividade aeróbia de intensidade moderada duas vezes por semana. RESULTADOS: Pacientes e controles apresentaram aumento significativo no pico de consumo de oxigênio, e foram capazes de executar uma intensidade de exercício significativamente maior em relação ao pré-teste. O grupo Esclerose Sistêmica demonstrou aumento na saturação de oxigênio no pico do exercício. O escore de Rodnan foi similar antes e após a intervenção, e as úlceras digitais e o fenômeno de Raynaud permaneceram estáveis. CONCLUSÃO: O exercício aeróbio foi seguro e eficaz para pacientes com Esclerose Sistêmica, portanto, aumentar a capacidade aeróbia é uma meta possível no tratamento desta doença. / OBJECTIVES: Several studies have established that Systemic Sclerosis patients have a reduced exercise capacity. It is relevant to evaluate whether aerobic exercise consists in a safe and effective intervention for these patients. METHODS: Seven Systemic Sclerosis patients and seven healthy sedentary controls were enrolled in an eight-week program consisting of moderate intensity aerobic exercise twice a week. RESULTS: Systemic Sclerosis patients and controls had a significant improvement in their peak oxygen consumption and were able to perform a significantly higher exercise intensity when compared to baseline. Systemic sclerosis group improved peak exercise oxygen saturation. Rodnan score was similar before and after the intervention. Digital ulcers and Raynauds phenomenon remained stable. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic exercise was safe and effective in patients with Systemic Sclerosis, therefore increasing aerobic capacity is a feasible goal in the management of this disease.

Quantification of blood fraction (fblood), blood oxygenation (S<img src="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/jbio.201200055/asset/equation/tex2gif-inf-2.gif?v=1&amp;t=h70man4a&amp;s=4a6d004ec608a2a6ec8e8597f73bdb6be30286e8" />), melanin, lipofuscin and oxidised and reduced Cytochrome aa 3 and c was done from diffuse reflectance spectra captured in cortex, white matter, globus pallidus internus (GPi) and subthalamus during stereotactic implantations of 29 deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes with the aim of investigating whether the chromophores can give physiological information about the targets for DBS. Double-sided Mann-Whitney U -tests showed more lipofuscin in GPi compared to white matter and subthalamus (p &lt; 0.05). Compared to the other structures, fbloodwas significantly higher in cortex (p &lt; 0.05) and S<img src="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/jbio.201200055/asset/equation/tex2gif-inf-4.gif?v=1&amp;t=h70man4c&amp;s=855c70105e88a292de25618487573dfc7d30e08a" /> lower in GPi (p &lt; 0.05). Median values and range for fblood were 1.0 [0.2–6.0]% in the cortex, 0.3 [0.1–8.2]% in white matter, 0.2 [0.1–0.8]% in the GPi and 0.2 [0.1–11.7]% in the subthalamus. Corresponding values for S<img src="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/jbio.201200055/asset/equation/tex2gif-inf-6.gif?v=1&amp;t=h70man4e&amp;s=151ec25bee7270bcfc2292e70d6f4aea18348dbc" /> was 20 [0–81]% in the cortex, 29 [0–78]% in white matter, 0 [0–0]% in the GPi and 0 [0–92]% in the subthalamus. In conclusion, the measurements indicate very low oxygenation and blood volume for DBS patients, especially in the GPi. It would be of great interest to investigate whether this is due to the disease, the normal situation or an artefact of doing invasive measurements.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2018-07-11T17:01:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Keila Surama Alves de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 2075342 bytes, checksum: 2ef6fd7be76314f6aabeab2fa8fd9e9d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-07-12T11:28:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Keila Surama Alves de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 2075342 bytes, checksum: 2ef6fd7be76314f6aabeab2fa8fd9e9d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-12T11:28:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Keila Surama Alves de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 2075342 bytes, checksum: 2ef6fd7be76314f6aabeab2fa8fd9e9d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Objective: to determine the oxygen saturation level (SaO2) in human pulps of molars by pulse oximetry. Methods: the oxygen saturation level was evaluated in 112 healthy molars using the pulse oximeter and the patient's response time to stimulus with the cold refrigerant gas Endo Ice and recorded with digital timer. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v program. 18.0. Quantitative variables were described by mean and standard deviation when the distribution was symmetric and median and interquartile range when asymmetric. Variables with symmetric distribution were compared between teeth for independent samples and intra-individual for paired samples by Student t test, and the asymmetric distribution with the Mann-Whitney test. To correlate the variables each other was used the Pearson correlation coefficient, and to compare more than two groups together the analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post-hoc Tukey, being statistically significant p <0,05. Results: the average level of SaO2 for the 112 pulps of healthy molars was 85,09%, and there was no correlation with the SaO2 average of the patient´s indicator finger (92,89%). There was a significant difference (P = 0,037) between the average level of SaO2 of the first (85,76%) and second superior molars (81,87%), and it was not significant (P = 0,177) between the first (85,58%) and second (88,15%) inferior molars. The superior molars had lower average level of SaO2 (83,59%) when compared to the inferior molars (86,89%), with a statistically significant difference (P = 0,018). The average of the patient's response time to the cold stimulus was 1,12 seconds, with no statistically significant difference between superior (1,25 seconds) and inferior molars (0,99 seconds). Conclusion: the average level of SaO2 in healthy molars pulps was 85,09%, and the average of the superior molars was 83,59% and inferior molars was 86,89%. The average of the patient's response time to the cold stimulus was 1,12 seconds, with no statistically significant difference between superior (1,25 seconds) and inferior molars (0,99 seconds) and there was no correlation between the patient's response time to the cold stimulus and the oxygen saturation level for healthy molars. / Objetivo: determinar o nível de saturação de oxigênio (SaO2) em polpas humanas de molares hígidos por meio da oximetria de pulso. Material e métodos: o nível de SaO2 foi avaliado em 112 molares hígidos utilizando-se o oxímetro de pulso, e o tempo de resposta do paciente ao estímulo ao frio com gás refrigerante e registrado com cronômetro digital. A análise estatística foi feita pelo programa SPSS v. 18.0. Foram descritas as variáveis quantitativas pela média e desvio padrão quando a sua distribuição foi simétrica e mediana e intervalo interquartil quando assimétrica. As variáveis com distribuição simétrica foram comparadas entre dentes para amostras independentes e intra-indivíduo para amostras pareadas pelo teste t de Student, e as com distribuição assimétrica pelo teste de Mann-Whitney. Para correlacionar as variáveis entre si foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, e para comparar mais de dois grupos entre si o teste de Análise de Variância (ANOVA) seguido do teste post-hoc de Tukey, sendo estatisticamente significativo p < 0,05. Resultados: o nível médio de SaO2 para as 112 polpas dos molares hígidos foi 85,09%, e não houve correlação com a média do dedo indicador do paciente (92,89%). Houve uma diferença significante (P= 0,037) entre o nível médio de SaO2 dos primeiros (85,76%) e dos segundos molares superiores (81,87%), não sendo significante (P= 0,177) entre os primeiros (85,58%) e segundos (88,15%) molares inferiores. Os molares superiores apresentaram menor nível médio de SaO2 (83,59%) quando comparados aos inferiores (86,89%), sendo a diferença estatisticamente significativa (P= 0,018). A mediana do tempo de resposta do paciente ao estímulo ao frio foi de 1,12 segundos, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significativa entre molares superiores (1,25 segundos) e inferiores (0,99 segundos). Conclusão: o nível médio de SaO2 em polpas de molares hígidos foi de 85,09%, sendo a média dos molares superiores de 83,59% e a dos inferiores de 86,89%. A mediana do tempo de resposta do paciente ao estímulo ao frio em molares hígidos foi de 1,12 segundos, não havendo diferença estatística entre superiores (1,25 s) e inferiores (0,99), e não houve correlação entre o tempo de resposta do paciente ao estímulo ao frio e o nível de saturação de oxigênio para molares hígidos. Palavras-chave: oxímetro de pulso, polpa dentária, saturação de oxigênio, teste frio.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-05-04T18:19:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Giulliano Caixeta Serpa - 2015.pdf: 6440012 bytes, checksum: b6d8b56774a4711b3b6a269330b817a1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-05T12:53:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Giulliano Caixeta Serpa - 2015.pdf: 6440012 bytes, checksum: b6d8b56774a4711b3b6a269330b817a1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-05T12:53:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Giulliano Caixeta Serpa - 2015.pdf: 6440012 bytes, checksum: b6d8b56774a4711b3b6a269330b817a1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-25 / Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the level of oxygen saturation in normal pulps of premolars maxilary in different age groups. Methodology: 120 premolars were selected in normal conditions and pulp divided by age of 24 teeth each: 20-24 years; 25-29 years; 30-34 years; 35-39 years; 40 to 44 years. the level of oxygen saturation of these teeth was determined by pulse oximetry. The ANOVA was used to check for differences between these age groups in the level of oxygen saturation and the Tukey test to identify which differed from each other. Results: The mean oxygen saturation encompassing all age groups was 86,2%, already for each separately it was found that: 20-24 years (89,71%), 25-29 years (87,67%) 30 to 34 years (88,71%), 35-39 years (84,80%), 40-44 years (80,00%), with the latter being statistically significant reduced level of others. Conclusion: The oxygen saturation level in normal pulps premolars averaged 86.2%, a significant reduction from 40 to 44 years. / Objetivo: Estabelecer o nível de saturação de oxigênio em polpas normais de pré-molares em diferentes faixas etárias. Material e Método: Foram selecionados 120 pré-molares superiores humanos em condições pulpares de normalidade e divididos por faixa etária (n=24): 20 a 24 anos; 25 a 29 anos; 30 a 34 anos; 35 a 39 anos; 40 a 44 anos. O nível de saturação dos dentes foram avaliados por um oximetro de pulso. A análise de variância ANOVA foi utilizada para verificar a existência de diferença entre as faixas etárias em relação ao nível de saturação de oxigênio, e o teste de Tukey para identificar quais diferiam entre si. Resultados: A média de saturação de oxigênio em todas as faixas etárias foi de 86,2%. A análise dos valores obtidos em cada faixa sugere que na última faixa etária verificou-se um nível reduzido, significante em relação as demais [(20 a 24 anos (89,71%); 25 a 29 anos (87,67%); 30 a 34 anos (88,71%); 35 a 39 anos (84,80%); 40 a 44 anos (80,00%)]. Conclusão: O nível de saturação de oxigênio em polpas normais de pré-molares apresentou uma média de 86,2%, com redução significante entre 40 a 44 anos.

Deep-water formation supplies oxygen-rich water to the deep sea, spreading throughout the ocean via the global thermohaline circulation. Models suggest that gases in newly formed deep-water do not come to equilibrium with the atmosphere. However, direct measurements during wintertime convection are scarce, and the controls over the extent of this disequilibria are poorly quantified. Here we show that oxygen is consistently undersaturated at -6.3% to -7.6% in the Labrador Sea at the end of convection, when convection reaches deeper than 800 m. Deeper convection resulted in greater undersaturation while convection lasting later in the year resulted in values closer to equilibrium, from which we produce a predictive relationship. We use dissolved oxygen data from six profiling Argo floats in the Labrador Sea between 2003 to 2016, allowing direct observations of wintertime convection. Four of the six optode oxygen sensors displayed in situ drift of -2.98 μmol O2 kg-1 year-1 on average, which we corrected to stable deep-water oxygen values from repeat hydrography. Observations of low oxygen intrusions during restratification and a simple mixing calculation demonstrate that lateral processes act to lower the oxygen inventory of the central Labrador Sea. This suggests that the Labrador Sea is a net sink for atmospheric oxygen, but uncertainties in parameterizing gas exchange limit our ability to quantify the net uptake. Our results constrain the initial oxygen concentration of Labrador Sea Water and allow more precise estimates of oxygen utilization and nutrient regeneration in this water mass. / Graduate

In recent decades, the rapid development of optical spectroscopy for tissue diagnosis has been indicative of its high clinical value. The goal of this research is to prove the feasibility of using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy to assess myocardial infarction (MI) in vivo. The proposed optical technique was designed to be an intra-operative guidance tool that can provide useful information about the condition of an infarct for surgeons and researchers. In order to gain insight into the pathophysiological characteristics of an infarct, two novel spectral analysis algorithms were developed to interpret diffuse reflectance spectra. The algorithms were developed based on the unique absorption properties of hemoglobin for the purpose of retrieving regional hemoglobin oxygenation saturation and concentration data in tissue from diffuse reflectance spectra. The algorithms were evaluated and validated using simulated data and actual experimental data. Finally, the hypothesis of the study was validated using a rabbit model of MI. The mechanism by which the MI was induced was the ligation of a major coronary artery of the left ventricle. Three to four weeks after the MI was induced, the extent of myocardial tissue injury and the evolution of the wound healing process were investigated using the proposed spectroscopic methodology as well as histology. The correlations between spectral alterations and histopathological features of the MI were analyzed statistically. The results of this PhD study demonstrate the applicability of the proposed optical methodology for assessing myocardial tissue damage induced by MI in vivo. The results of the spectral analysis suggest that connective tissue proliferation induced by MI significantly alter the characteristics of diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectra. The magnitudes of the alterations could be quantitatively related to the severity and extensiveness of connective tissue proliferation.

No description available.