No description available.

Depuis sa découverte, le gène TP63 a soulevé un intérêt considérable grâce à son rôle majeur dans la morphogenèse des épithélia. La quasi-totalité de nos connaissances dérive de l’observation des phénotypes des souris déficientes qui présentent une absence d’épithélia pluristratifiés, due à un défaut d'expression des complexes d'adhérence cellule-matrice extra cellulaire et cellules-cellules. De plus, TP63 est amplifié et surexprimé dans environ 25% des carcinomes épidermoïdes de l’œsophage et est quasi absent des adénocarcinomes du même organe. Dans ce travail nous avons étudié l’expression de p63 dans la muqueuse œsophagienne, et nous avons montré que p63 exerce un rôle de régulateur de l’expression des complexes d’adhérence intra-épithéliaux lors de la transition entre les cellules basales/suprabasales hautement prolifératives et les couches les plus différenciées incapables de proliférer. Puis, nous avons étudié le rôle possible de p63 dans la formation de la métaplasie intestinale, une lésion précurseur de l’adénocarcinome. Dans ce contexte, nous avons établi qu’un traitement reconstituant le stress acido-biliaire induit une perte d’expression de p63 secondaire à une dégradation par le protéasome dans des cellules primaires et des lignées dérivées de carcinomes œsophagiens. Enfin, à l’aide d’un modèle de peau reconstruite, nous avons montré l’implication de p63 dans la stratification épithéliale, dans la prolifération, la différenciation et les interactions épithélium-mésenchyme. Ces réstultats clarifient le rôle de TP63 comme un ongène potentiel dans le carcinome épidermoïde de l’œsophage et comme potentiel suppresseur dans l’adénocarcinome / Since its discovery in 1998, the TP63 gene has raised considerable interest due to its major role in epithelial morphogenesis. The vast majority of our current knowledge is based on the phenotypes of TP63 deficient mice, which show a lack of stratified epithelia associated with defects in the expression of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion complexes. In addition, TP63 systematically overexpressed in squamous cell carcinomas and amplified in about 25% of œsophageal squamous cell carcinomas, whereas it is barely detectable in adenocarcinomas that arise in the same organ. This work analyzes the expression of p63 in normal œsophageal mucosa and demonstrates its regulatory role in the expression of cell-cell adhesion complexes at the transition between highly proliferative basal/suprabasal layers and more differentiated, non-proliferative superficial layers. Next, the role of p63 in the formation of intestinal metaplasia, a precursor of adenocarcinoma, is addressed in experiments reconstituting in vtro the effects of acid-bile gastro-oesophageal reflux. We show that this form of stress induces a loss of p63 in cell lines derived from oesophageal cancers, due to its rapid proteasome-dependent degradation. Finally, we have used an in vitro skin reconstruction model to demonstrate the involvement of p63 in the process of epidermal stratification, proliferation, differentiation, and epithelium-mesenchyme interactions. These results clarify the role of TP63 as a potential oncogene in œsophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and as a potential suppressor in adenocarcinoma

Introdução: O gene p63 é o mais ancentral membro dos integrantes da família p53 e é descrito como o responsável pela manutenção da integridade gênica e regulação do ciclo celular em células germinativas imaturas. Porém, ainda não há relatos na literatura que avaliem sua expressão em células da granulosa luteinizadas. A endometriose é uma doença crônica que está associada à infertilidade. Vários mecanismos foram propostos para explicar esta associação, mas, até o momento, nenhum deles é considerado definitivo. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar a expressão do gene e da proteína p63 em células da granulosa luteinizadas de pacientes inférteis submetidas à fertilização in vitro (IVF). Além disso, verificar se pacientes com endometriose apresentam função anormal da p63. Métodos: Realizamos um estudo transversal e prospectivo. Nós coletamos células da granulosa de 28 pacientes submetidas a IVF para avaliar a expressão de p63. Depois, para estudar o efeito na endometriose dividimos em dois grupos: (1) grupo estudo (n=9): pacientes com diagnóstico videolaparoscópico de endometriose e (2) grupo controle (n=19): pacientes inférteis por outros motivos, sem endometriose. As células coletadas foram preparadas e analisadas para expressão gênica (PCR em tempo real) e expressão proteica (imunofluorescência). Os resultados foram comparados entre os grupos. Resultados: Não observamos diferença significativa de expressão do gene p63 entre os grupos estudados. A mediana do 2-ΔΔCT no grupo controle foi 0,93 (IC 95%, 0,55- 2,83) e 0,88 no grupo em estudo (IC 95%, 0,24-2,84). O resultado também mostrou que o gene p63 não é expresso nos dois grupos. Quanto à expressão da proteína p63, a imunofluorescência não demonstrou expressão em nenhum dos dois grupos. Conclusão: O gene e a proteína p63 podem ser muito importantes na manutenção da integridade gênica de folículos imaturos de reserva, não dependentes de FSH. Porém, após o recrutamento e crescimento folicular, não se observa mais sua expressão, ou seja, ele não faz parte da maturação e desenvolvimento oocitário. / Introduction: The p63 gene is the most ancient member of the components of p53 family and is described as the responsible for maintaining of genic integrity and cell cycle regulation in immature germ cells. However, there are no reports in the literature evaluating its expression in granulosa cells luteinized. Endometriosis is a chronic disease that is associated with infertility. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association, but so far, none of them is considered definitive. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the expression of the p63 gene and protein in granulosa luteinized cells of infertile patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Also, we checked whether patients with endometriosis have abnormal function of p63. Methods: We performed a prospective cross-sectional study. We collected granulosa cells of 28 patients undergoing IVF to evaluate p63 expression. Then, to study the effect on endometriosis, they were divided into two groups: (1) study group (n = 9): patients with laparoscopic diagnosis of endometriosis and (2) control group (n = 19): infertile patients for other reasons, without endometriosis . The collected cells were prepared and analyzed for gene expression (real time PCR) and protein expression (immunofluorescence). The results were compared between the groups. Results: There was no significant difference in expression of the p63 gene between the groups. The median of 2-ΔΔCT in the the control group was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.55 to 2.83) and 0.88 in the study group (95% CI, 0.24 to 2.84). The results also showed that the p63 gene is not expressed in granulosa cells in both groups. About to the p63 protein expression, immunofluorescence showed no expression in either group. Conclusion: The p63 gene and protein can be very important in maintaining the genic integrity of immature reserve follicles, not dependent of FSH. However, after the recruitment and follicular growth is not more observed its expression, suggesting that p63 is not part of control of oocyte maturation and development.

Introdução: O gene p63 é o mais ancentral membro dos integrantes da família p53 e é descrito como o responsável pela manutenção da integridade gênica e regulação do ciclo celular em células germinativas imaturas. Porém, ainda não há relatos na literatura que avaliem sua expressão em células da granulosa luteinizadas. A endometriose é uma doença crônica que está associada à infertilidade. Vários mecanismos foram propostos para explicar esta associação, mas, até o momento, nenhum deles é considerado definitivo. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar a expressão do gene e da proteína p63 em células da granulosa luteinizadas de pacientes inférteis submetidas à fertilização in vitro (IVF). Além disso, verificar se pacientes com endometriose apresentam função anormal da p63. Métodos: Realizamos um estudo transversal e prospectivo. Nós coletamos células da granulosa de 28 pacientes submetidas a IVF para avaliar a expressão de p63. Depois, para estudar o efeito na endometriose dividimos em dois grupos: (1) grupo estudo (n=9): pacientes com diagnóstico videolaparoscópico de endometriose e (2) grupo controle (n=19): pacientes inférteis por outros motivos, sem endometriose. As células coletadas foram preparadas e analisadas para expressão gênica (PCR em tempo real) e expressão proteica (imunofluorescência). Os resultados foram comparados entre os grupos. Resultados: Não observamos diferença significativa de expressão do gene p63 entre os grupos estudados. A mediana do 2-ΔΔCT no grupo controle foi 0,93 (IC 95%, 0,55- 2,83) e 0,88 no grupo em estudo (IC 95%, 0,24-2,84). O resultado também mostrou que o gene p63 não é expresso nos dois grupos. Quanto à expressão da proteína p63, a imunofluorescência não demonstrou expressão em nenhum dos dois grupos. Conclusão: O gene e a proteína p63 podem ser muito importantes na manutenção da integridade gênica de folículos imaturos de reserva, não dependentes de FSH. Porém, após o recrutamento e crescimento folicular, não se observa mais sua expressão, ou seja, ele não faz parte da maturação e desenvolvimento oocitário. / Introduction: The p63 gene is the most ancient member of the components of p53 family and is described as the responsible for maintaining of genic integrity and cell cycle regulation in immature germ cells. However, there are no reports in the literature evaluating its expression in granulosa cells luteinized. Endometriosis is a chronic disease that is associated with infertility. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association, but so far, none of them is considered definitive. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the expression of the p63 gene and protein in granulosa luteinized cells of infertile patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Also, we checked whether patients with endometriosis have abnormal function of p63. Methods: We performed a prospective cross-sectional study. We collected granulosa cells of 28 patients undergoing IVF to evaluate p63 expression. Then, to study the effect on endometriosis, they were divided into two groups: (1) study group (n = 9): patients with laparoscopic diagnosis of endometriosis and (2) control group (n = 19): infertile patients for other reasons, without endometriosis . The collected cells were prepared and analyzed for gene expression (real time PCR) and protein expression (immunofluorescence). The results were compared between the groups. Results: There was no significant difference in expression of the p63 gene between the groups. The median of 2-ΔΔCT in the the control group was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.55 to 2.83) and 0.88 in the study group (95% CI, 0.24 to 2.84). The results also showed that the p63 gene is not expressed in granulosa cells in both groups. About to the p63 protein expression, immunofluorescence showed no expression in either group. Conclusion: The p63 gene and protein can be very important in maintaining the genic integrity of immature reserve follicles, not dependent of FSH. However, after the recruitment and follicular growth is not more observed its expression, suggesting that p63 is not part of control of oocyte maturation and development.

Introdução: O gene p63 é o mais ancentral membro dos integrantes da família p53 e é descrito como o responsável pela manutenção da integridade gênica e regulação do ciclo celular em células germinativas imaturas. Porém, ainda não há relatos na literatura que avaliem sua expressão em células da granulosa luteinizadas. A endometriose é uma doença crônica que está associada à infertilidade. Vários mecanismos foram propostos para explicar esta associação, mas, até o momento, nenhum deles é considerado definitivo. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar a expressão do gene e da proteína p63 em células da granulosa luteinizadas de pacientes inférteis submetidas à fertilização in vitro (IVF). Além disso, verificar se pacientes com endometriose apresentam função anormal da p63. Métodos: Realizamos um estudo transversal e prospectivo. Nós coletamos células da granulosa de 28 pacientes submetidas a IVF para avaliar a expressão de p63. Depois, para estudar o efeito na endometriose dividimos em dois grupos: (1) grupo estudo (n=9): pacientes com diagnóstico videolaparoscópico de endometriose e (2) grupo controle (n=19): pacientes inférteis por outros motivos, sem endometriose. As células coletadas foram preparadas e analisadas para expressão gênica (PCR em tempo real) e expressão proteica (imunofluorescência). Os resultados foram comparados entre os grupos. Resultados: Não observamos diferença significativa de expressão do gene p63 entre os grupos estudados. A mediana do 2-ΔΔCT no grupo controle foi 0,93 (IC 95%, 0,55- 2,83) e 0,88 no grupo em estudo (IC 95%, 0,24-2,84). O resultado também mostrou que o gene p63 não é expresso nos dois grupos. Quanto à expressão da proteína p63, a imunofluorescência não demonstrou expressão em nenhum dos dois grupos. Conclusão: O gene e a proteína p63 podem ser muito importantes na manutenção da integridade gênica de folículos imaturos de reserva, não dependentes de FSH. Porém, após o recrutamento e crescimento folicular, não se observa mais sua expressão, ou seja, ele não faz parte da maturação e desenvolvimento oocitário. / Introduction: The p63 gene is the most ancient member of the components of p53 family and is described as the responsible for maintaining of genic integrity and cell cycle regulation in immature germ cells. However, there are no reports in the literature evaluating its expression in granulosa cells luteinized. Endometriosis is a chronic disease that is associated with infertility. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association, but so far, none of them is considered definitive. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the expression of the p63 gene and protein in granulosa luteinized cells of infertile patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Also, we checked whether patients with endometriosis have abnormal function of p63. Methods: We performed a prospective cross-sectional study. We collected granulosa cells of 28 patients undergoing IVF to evaluate p63 expression. Then, to study the effect on endometriosis, they were divided into two groups: (1) study group (n = 9): patients with laparoscopic diagnosis of endometriosis and (2) control group (n = 19): infertile patients for other reasons, without endometriosis . The collected cells were prepared and analyzed for gene expression (real time PCR) and protein expression (immunofluorescence). The results were compared between the groups. Results: There was no significant difference in expression of the p63 gene between the groups. The median of 2-ΔΔCT in the the control group was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.55 to 2.83) and 0.88 in the study group (95% CI, 0.24 to 2.84). The results also showed that the p63 gene is not expressed in granulosa cells in both groups. About to the p63 protein expression, immunofluorescence showed no expression in either group. Conclusion: The p63 gene and protein can be very important in maintaining the genic integrity of immature reserve follicles, not dependent of FSH. However, after the recruitment and follicular growth is not more observed its expression, suggesting that p63 is not part of control of oocyte maturation and development.

The Wilms’ tumor gene 1 (WT1) was first reported as a tumor suppressor gene in Wilms’ tumor. However, later studies have shown the oncogenic properties of WT1 in a variety of tumors. It was recently proposed that WT1 was a chameleon gene, due to its dual functions in tumorigenesis. We aimed to investigate the clinical significance of WT1 as biomarker in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and to elucidate the function of WT1 as an oncogene in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN). In AML, it was suggested that WT1 expression was an applicable marker of minimal residual disease (MRD). In adult patients with AML, we found a good correlation between WT1 expression levels normalized to two control genes, β-actin and ABL. Outcome could be predicted by a reduction in WT1 expression in bone marrow (≥ 1-log) detected less than 1 month after diagnosis, when β-actin was used as control. Also, irrespective of the control gene used, outcome could be predicted by a reduction in WT1 expression in peripheral blood (≥ 2-log) detected between 1 and 6 months after treatment initiation. Previous studies in RCC demonstrated that WT1 acted as a tumor suppressor. Thus, we tested whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or mutations in WT1 might be associated with WT1 expression and clinical outcome in patients with ccRCC. We performed sequencing analysis on 10 exons of the WT1 gene in a total of 182 patient samples, and we identified six different SNPs in the WT1 gene. We found that at least one or two copies of the minor allele were present in 61% of ccRCC tumor samples. However, no correlation was observed between WT1 SNP genotypes and RNA expression levels. Moreover, none of the previously reported WT1 mutations were found in ccRCC. Nevertheless, we found that a favorable outcome was associated the homozygous minor allele for WT1 SNP. We then further investigated whether WT1 methylation was related to WT1 expression and its clinical significance. Methylation array and pyrosequencing analyses showed that the WT1 promoter region CpG site, cg22975913, was the most frequently hypermethylated CpG site. We found a trend that showed nearly significant correlation between WT1 mRNA levels and hypermethylation in the 5’-untranslated region. Hypermethylation in the WT1 CpG site, cg22975913, was found to be associated with patient age and a worse prognosis. One previous study reported that WT1 was overexpressed in SCCHN. That finding suggested that WT1 might play a role in oncogenesis. We found that both WT1 and p63 could promote cell proliferation. A positive correlation between WT1 and p63 expression was observed, and we identified p63 as a WT1 target gene. Furthermore, several known WT1 and p63 target genes were affected by knocking down WT1. Also, co-immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated a protein interaction between WT1 and p53. In summary, WT1 gene expression can provide useful information for MRD detection during treatment of patients with AML. In RCC, our results suggested that the prognostic impact of WT1 SNPs was limited to the subgroup of patients that were homozygous for the minor allele, and that WT1 promoter hypermethylation could be used as a prognostic biomarker. In SCCHN, WT1 and p63 acted as oncogenes by affecting multiple genes involved in cancer cell growth.

Submitted by Hiolanda Rêgo (hiolandar@gmail.com) on 2013-09-11T19:23:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_ODONTO_Flávia Caló de Aquino.pdf: 1450921 bytes, checksum: c2df2bc28eeb600f745df589edb6037a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Flávia Ferreira(flaviaccf@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-09-12T01:41:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_ODONTO_Flávia Caló de Aquino.pdf: 1450921 bytes, checksum: c2df2bc28eeb600f745df589edb6037a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-12T01:41:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_ODONTO_Flávia Caló de Aquino.pdf: 1450921 bytes, checksum: c2df2bc28eeb600f745df589edb6037a (MD5) / CAPES / A queilite actínica refere-se a uma lesão cancerizável que acomete os lábios, causada por radiação ultravioleta e que histologicamente pode apresentar de graus variados de displasia epitelial ao carcinoma escamocelular de lábio. Para contribuir com o entendimento da carcinogênese bucal, avaliou-se pela técnica imuno-histoquímica a p63, uma proteína homóloga à p53, utilizando-se o anticorpo anti-p63 (Clone 4A4), que reconhece as seis isoformas da p63, para se estabelecer o comportamento deste em quarenta lesões de queilite actínica e sessenta e cinco casos de carcinoma escamocelular de lábio, no intuito de verificar sua utilidade como biomarcador de risco para transformação maligna. Para isso, associou-se o grau histológico das displasias presentes nas queilites actínicas seguindo os critérios propostos por Bánóczy e Csiba (1976), e a graduação histológica de malignidade dos carcinomas escamoceluares de lábio, de acordo com o sistema estabelecido por Anneroth, Batsakis e Luna (1987), modificado por Bryne et al. (1989), com o percentual de células imunomarcadas pela p63. Em todos os casos estudados foi possível detectar a presença da proteína p63, onde nas lesões de queilite actínica o padrão de marcação foi basal e suprabasal, já nos carcinomas escamocelulares observou-se a maior parte das células tumorais expressando a proteína. Não existiu diferença estatisticamente significante entre o percentual de células imunomarcadas nas displasias severas e moderadas, assim como entre os carcinomas de alto e baixo escore de malignidade (p > 0,05). Com isso, a avaliação pelo anticorpo anti-p63 (4A4) não mostrou qualidades como um biomarcador de risco para o desenvolvimento do câncer de lábio. Sendo assim, uma reavaliação pode ser conduzida na hipótese da produção de anticorpos para os seis diferentes isotipos da p63, pois isoladamente podem apresentar valor preditivo, principalmente as isoformas Np63. / Salvador

Mit Hilfe von verschiedenen immunhistologischen Verfahren (p63, ZK 14, ZK 5/6, ZK 19, Alpha Aktin, Vimentin, Kollagen Typ 2, Aggrekan) und Spezialfärbungen (Alcianblau, Safranin-Orange) erfolgte eine Charakterisierung von Myoepithelzellen und Knorpelgewebe innerhalb einfacher und komplexer Schweißdrüsentumoren, sowie Schweißdrüsenmischtumoren des Hundes und der Katze. Dabei konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass eine Differenzierung von Myoepithelzellen zu Knorpelzellen möglich ist und somit komplexe Schweißdrüsentumoren mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit als Übergangsstadien zu Mischtumoren angesehen werden können.

No / Werner's syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by loss of function mutation in wrn and is a useful model of premature in vivo ageing. Cellular senescence is a plausible causal mechanism of mammalian ageing and, at the cellular level, WS fibroblasts show premature senescence resulting from a combination of telomeric attrition and replication fork stalling. Over 90% of WS fibroblast cultures achieve < 20 population doublings (PD) in vitro compared to wild type human fibroblast cultures. It has been proposed that some cell types, capable of proliferation, will fail to show a premature senescence phenotype in response to wrn mutations. To test this hypothesis, human dermal keratinocytes (derived from both WS and wild type patients) were cultured long term. WS Keratinocytes showed a replicative lifespan in excess of 100 population doublings but maintained functional growth arrest mechanisms based on p16 and p53. The karyotype of the cells was superficially normal and the cultures retained markers characteristic of keratinocyte holoclones (stem cells) including p63 expression and telomerase activity. Accordingly we conclude that, in contrast to WS fibroblasts, WS keratinocytes do not demonstrate slow growth rates or features of premature senescence. These findings suggest that the epidermis is among the tissue types that do not display symptoms of premature ageing caused by loss of function of wrn. This is in support that Werner's syndrome is a segmental progeroid syndrome.

No description available.