Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-12T19:02:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Maria Cecilia Andrade de Aquino.pdf: 1018860 bytes, checksum: ee2f27fad6c567d35157aa2c64e5650d (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-12T19:02:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Maria Cecilia Andrade de Aquino.pdf: 1018860 bytes, checksum: ee2f27fad6c567d35157aa2c64e5650d (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04 / A aceleração das mudanças no ambiente competitivo global levou a inovação a ter um papel fundamental para a manutenção e ampliação das vantagens competitivas das empresas. No entanto, há diversos fatores que influenciam e dificultam a realização de atividades de inovação, como os altos custos e riscos envolvidos e a falta de cultura na área, o que contribui para que algumas empresas dependam fortemente de programas governamentais que as apoiem e as estimulem a realizar projetos de inovação. Nesse contexto, foi criado o Programa de Apoio à Pesquisa em Empresas, na modalidade subvenção a Micro e Pequenas Empresas – PAPPE Subvenção, como um mecanismo de políticas de governo capaz de auxiliar as micro e pequenas empresas a superarem suas dificuldades e valorizarem os pontos em que elas podem ter vantagens. Com a necessidade de analisar o impacto das Políticas Públicas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação no desenvolvimento do Estado de Pernambuco a partir do PAPPE Subvenção, insere-se a presente pesquisa através da qual foram avaliadas as características do Programa, seus resultados e algumas adequações necessárias. A realização desse trabalho teve início com a elaboração de um referencial teórico, em que foi feita uma revisão da literatura, com destaque para temas de interesse, seguida de uma apresentação do Programa a partir de dados disponibilizados pela FACEPE. Posteriormente, foi realizada a pesquisa de campo incluindo aplicação de questionários e entrevistas. As análises realizadas permitem verificar a significativa importância do Programa para o desenvolvimento do estado no que tange a uma efetiva ação para uma maior inserção das micro e pequenas empresas pernambucanas no processo de busca de inovações e de aumento de sua competitividade. Além disso, os benefícios percebidos pelas empresas tanto no ambiente interno quanto externo a essas organizações possibilitam classificar o PAPPE como uma ferramenta de política pública fundamental para o desenvolvimento do estado e que acarreta impactos econômicos, sociais, científicos, tecnológicos e organizacionais.

Der Beitrag analysiert die Verbindung der Einzelschichten von Holz-Pappe-Sandwichelementen mittels Scherversuch sowie deren Materialeigenschaften im 3- und 4-Punkt-Biegeversuch. Ziel der Analysen ist eine Klassifizierung des Eigenschaftsspektrums für potentielle Anwendungsfelder in tragenden Strukturen des Maschinenbaus.

The application of the wrinkle measuring method described in Müller et al. (2017) and the subsequent evaluation algorithm of a range of deep-drawn samples were used to determine the influences and interdependencies of blankholder force, tool temperatures, and drawing height on the formation of wrinkles in paperboard. The main influences were identified and quantitatively evaluated. For the given experimental space, a regression function was derived and validated in further experiments. It was shown that a quadratic regression was superior to the previously used linear regression. The findings were discussed and compared with the results of similar experiments from past publications. Special attention was given to the wrinkles formed and the resulting quality of the formed paperboard cups. The restrictions of the data acquisition from the measuring method that was used and limitations of the model were presented to demonstrate the reliability of the results.

The production of paperboard packaging components in fast-running machines requires reliability of the production process. Boundaries for the process parameters and constraints for the geometry of the tools require investigation to determine dependable configurations. This paper aimed to investigate the relationships between process parameters, tool geometry, and the occurrence of rupture in the deep-drawing process of paperboard. Different types of ruptures in various phases of the process were distinguished and linked to their specific cause. An extensive experimental investigation with multiple variables of influence was conducted. A logistic regression model was used to describe the experimental data and was statistically validated. The blankholder force was found to be the most influential parameter. Interactions between the parameters blankholder force, punch velocity, and punch diameter were recognized. A high punch velocity can reduce the probability of rupture when the punch diameter is adjusted.

The production of paperboard packaging components in fast-running machines requires reliability of the production process. Boundaries for the process parameters and constraints for the geometry of the tools require investigation to determine dependable configurations. This paper aimed to investigate the relationships between process parameters, tool geometry, and the occurrence of rupture in the deep-drawing process of paperboard. Different types of ruptures in various phases of the process were distinguished and linked to their specific cause. An extensive experimental investigation with multiple variables of influence was conducted. A logistic regression model was used to describe the experimental data and was statistically validated. The blankholder force was found to be the most influential parameter. Interactions between the parameters blankholder force, punch velocity, and punch diameter were recognized. A high punch velocity can reduce the probability of rupture when the punch diameter is adjusted.

Deep drawn shapes with orthogonal wall components are usually evaluated by shape accuracy and visual quality. There have been only a few investigations on the stability of such structures; however, the effect of the wrinkles on the stability of the wall is important for packaging applications and can support the shape accuracy. This paper focuses on the influences of process parameters on the stability of orthogonal walls of shapes produced by deep drawing with rigid tools and immediate compression. The wall stability was evaluated by tensile testing orthogonal to the direction of the wrinkles. The stability distribution was characterized with regard to the drawing height, and a comparison was made between the two different materials. The wall stability decreased with increases in the forming height. Furthermore, a blank holder force design and z-directional compression level improved the wall stability. Together with an elevated moisture content of the material and thermal energy supply that delivered two to three times higher resistance against wrinkle extension, these effects drastically improved the wall stability.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / The thesis analyzes the Programa de Apoio à Pesquisa em Empresas (PAPPE), which emerged in Brazil in 2003 with the objective of supporting innovative projects developed by companies in partnership with researchers. It emerges as a political pioneer since it is a joint initiative of federal, via Financier of Studies and Projects (FINEP), and state sphere, via State Support Foundations (FAPs) with the intention to decentralize the actions to promote and provide resources to meet the needs and characteristics of regional development. Based on the neo-Schumpeterian theoretical framework, which supports a systemic view of the innovation process by developing the concept of national innovation system, the program, another groundbreaking project, aims to foster and strengthen relations of interaction between staff economic, since such relations can promote the generation and dissemination of knowledge and learning, highly interactive phenomena, which are key elements in the development and diffusion of innovations. The PAPPE is therefore one of the instruments used by the Brazilian government to try to overcome some bottlenecks that make the country‟s innovation system characterized by some scholars as immature/incomplete. Correspondingly, emerges the importance of studying it and identifying its contributions. For this, and through online interviews with participating companies of PAPPE, the present study considers the program in the States of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, in order to characterize these firms as well as identify their impacts on the interaction relationships and innovative activities. In general, companies that had projects approved in PAPPE are primarily young, created between 1990 and 2000; they are often small, and have a significant number of employees with higher education and graduate, has established partner relationships with other agents; have, in most cases, departments own R & D and founders originated the academic environment. That is, these companies point to the emergence of a new scenario in the country, which is formed by the micro and small innovative firms that recognize the importance of interaction relationships. / O trabalho analisa o Programa de Apoio à Pesquisa em Empresas (PAPPE), que surgiu no Brasil em 2003, com o objetivo de apoiar projetos inovativos desenvolvidos por empresas em parceria com pesquisadores. O programa surgiu como uma política pioneira, por se tratar de uma iniciativa conjunta das esferas federal, via FINEP (Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos), e estadual, via FAPs (Fundações de Amparo Estaduais), com a intenção de descentralizar as ações de fomento e oferecer recursos de modo a atender às necessidades e características do desenvolvimento regional. A análise do Programa é realizada com base no arcabouço teórico neoschumpeteriano, que se fundamenta na visão sistêmica do processo inovativo por meio do desenvolvimento do conceito de Sistema Nacional de Inovação, o programa, também de forma pioneira, tem como objetivo estimular e fortalecer as relações de interação entre os agentes econômicos, uma vez que tais relações podem favorecer a geração e disseminação de conhecimento e aprendizado, fenômenos eminentemente interativos que constituem elementos-chave para o desenvolvimento e a difusão de inovações. O PAPPE é, portanto, um dos instrumentos utilizados pelo governo brasileiro para tentar superar alguns gargalos que fazem o sistema de inovação do país ser caracterizado por alguns estudiosos como imaturo/incompleto; por isso, a importância em estudá-lo e identificar suas contribuições. Para tanto, e por meio da realização de entrevistas online com participantes do PAPPE, o presente trabalho analisa o programa nos Estados de Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, com intuito de caracterizar tais empresas, bem como identificar seus impactos sobre as relações de interação e as atividades inovativas. De maneira geral, as empresas que tiveram projetos aprovados no PAPPE são fundamentalmente jovens, criadas entre os anos 1990 e 2000; de pequeno porte, possuem um número significativo de empregados com formação superior e cursos de pós-graduação; já estabelecem relações de parceira com outros agentes; possuem, na grande maioria, departamentos próprios de P&D e sócios fundadores originados do ambiente acadêmico. Noutros termos, tais dados apontam para o surgimento de um novo cenário no país, qual seja o formado por micro e pequenas empresas inovativas que reconhecem a importância das relações de interação. / Doutor em Economia

Deep drawn shapes with orthogonal wall components are usually evaluated by shape accuracy and visual quality. There have been only a few investigations on the stability of such structures; however, the effect of the wrinkles on the stability of the wall is important for packaging applications and can support the shape accuracy. This paper focuses on the influences of process parameters on the stability of orthogonal walls of shapes produced by deep drawing with rigid tools and immediate compression. The wall stability was evaluated by tensile testing orthogonal to the direction of the wrinkles. The stability distribution was characterized with regard to the drawing height, and a comparison was made between the two different materials. The wall stability decreased with increases in the forming height. Furthermore, a blank holder force design and z-directional compression level improved the wall stability. Together with an elevated moisture content of the material and thermal energy supply that delivered two to three times higher resistance against wrinkle extension, these effects drastically improved the wall stability.

The application of the wrinkle measuring method described in Müller et al. (2017) and the subsequent evaluation algorithm of a range of deep-drawn samples were used to determine the influences and interdependencies of blankholder force, tool temperatures, and drawing height on the formation of wrinkles in paperboard. The main influences were identified and quantitatively evaluated. For the given experimental space, a regression function was derived and validated in further experiments. It was shown that a quadratic regression was superior to the previously used linear regression. The findings were discussed and compared with the results of similar experiments from past publications. Special attention was given to the wrinkles formed and the resulting quality of the formed paperboard cups. The restrictions of the data acquisition from the measuring method that was used and limitations of the model were presented to demonstrate the reliability of the results.

To evaluate the influence of different normal forces and contact temperatures on the frictional behavior of paperboard during the deep drawing process, a new measurement punch was developed to measure the normal force, which induced the friction within the gap between the forming cavity and punch. The resulting dynamic coefficient of friction was calculated and reproduced via a new developed substitute test for the friction measurement device, which was first introduced in Lenske et al. (2017). The normal force within the forming gap during the deep drawing process was influenced by the blankholder force profile, the contact temperature, and the fiber direction. The friction measurements with the substitute test showed a strong dependency between the applied normal force and the dynamic coefficient of friction. Furthermore the frictional behavior was influenced by the contact temperature and the wrinkle formation.