by Cheung Pui Sze. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [130-134]). / List of Tables --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Acknowledgments --- p.iii / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Literature Review --- p.12 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Social Conditions and Meanings of Being Parents --- p.28 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Organization of Parenthood --- p.47 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Experiences of Motherhood and Fatherhood --- p.87 / Chapter Chapter Six: --- Conclusion --- p.121 / Appendix A / Appendix B / Bibliography

Single mothers have considered to be a vulnerable group in the society, both economically and socially. But how do they experience their everyday life in relation to be a single mother and at the same time pursue a university or college education? This qualitative study aims to explore how five single mothers experiences their everyday life. Through the use of Lone Rahbek Christensen's life-mode theory and Bourdieu's defintion of social and economic capital, the purpose of the study is to explore how life-modes affect the mother's former, present and future life situations. The result shows, among other things, that the mothers to a large extent, show signs of being carriers of the same type of life-mode. They also seem to use similar strategies to cope with difficult situations in their everyday life. Also, the social and economic resources where very important for all of the single studying mothers in order to manage their life situation, and at the same time live up to the requirements of their surroundings to be accepted as a "good mother".

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zenildo Soares de Souza Junior.pdf: 1480965 bytes, checksum: 12bd633efa5ef865d804b3f89618fc61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This doctoral thesis aims to analyze, from a new perspective, the dynamics of social relations in a typical environment of the Brazilian rural interior, aimed more broadly understand the mechanisms that act on sociability and the political behavior of this population. Here, we propose a multidisciplinary analysis, examining factors used in the classic issue of dealing with the concept of coronelismo, under the academic perspective and also in the common sense of the plan. And points as genuine training tool of rural sociability provincial family based structures, in particular the institute of god parenthood, which serves as a basic element of the cultural model and its features. In an anthropological and historical approach, the paper examines the process of formation of nationality, prepared by identifying the elements considered "desirable" and hence the rejection of many others. These features, presented as anachronisms and obstacles to the "modernization" of the country, promoted the formation of an exclusive national discourse, inducing consider as subordinate the dominant traditional values in the rural environment. Thus, there has been a discriminatory environment in qualitative terms, alienating the people of the interior and helping to prevent, in practical terms, their integration into the environment of imagined community that builds the Brazilian national fabric / A presente tese de Doutorado tem como objetivo analisar, sob uma perspectiva inovadora, a dinâmica das relações sociais em um ambiente típico do interior rural brasileiro, visando em sentido mais amplo compreender os mecanismos que atuam sobre a sociabilidade e sobre o comportamento político dessa população. Neste sentido, propõe uma análise multidisciplinar, examinando fatores clássicos utilizados no trato da questão como o conceito de coronelismo, sob a ótica acadêmica e também no plano do senso comum. E aponta como genuíno instrumento de formação da sociabilidade rural interiorana as estruturas de base familiar, em especial o instituto do compadrio, que serve como elemento básico de estruturação do modelo cultural e suas particularidades. Em uma abordagem antropológica e histórica, o trabalho examina o processo de formação da nacionalidade, elaborado por meio da identificação de elementos considerados desejáveis e, consequentemente, na rejeição de outros tantos. Estas características, apresentadas como anacronismos e obstáculos à modernização do país, induziram à formação de um discurso nacional excludente, induzindo a considerar como subalternos os valores tradicionais dominantes no ambiente rural. Com isso, produziu-se um ambiente de discriminação em termos qualitativos, alienando as populações do interior e contribuindo para impedir, em termos práticos, sua integração ao ambiente de comunidade imaginada que forma o tecido nacional brasileiro

Fysisk inaktivitet är ett folkhälsoproblem som växer i omfattning och människor världen över dör för tidigt i följdsjukdomar som hjärt-kärlsjukdomar och diabetes. Fysisk aktivitet förbättrar människors fysiska och psykiska hälsa och är behandling vid flera ohälsotillstånd som till exempel högt blodtryck och psykisk ohälsa. Distriktssköterskor arbetar hälsopreventivt och detta är en betydelsefull del av distriktssköterskors arbete på barnavårdscentralen (BVC). Föräldrar och deras utövande av fysisk aktivitet är ett forskningsområde som är otillräckligt utforskat. Studiens syfte var därför att belysa fysisk aktivitet ur ett föräldraperspektiv. En induktiv ansats användes i studien och kvalitativa öppna forskningsintervjuer genomfördes med nio föräldrar i Västsverige. Datamaterialet analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Välbefinnande framträdde som analysresultatets tema. Resultatet av studien visade att föräldraskapet medförde förändringar som gav upphov till nya förutsättningar för utövande av fysisk aktivitet. Den organiserade träningen utövades i mindre grad än tidigare, men i gengäld räknades vardagssysslor som innebar fysisk aktivitet in i den dagliga fysiska aktiviteten. Fysisk aktivitet, framförallt i form av promenader uppskattades av föräldrarna och bidrog till en känsla av välbefinnande. Genom att vara fysiskt aktiva upplevde de högre kapacitet fysiskt och psykiskt som medförde att de lättare kunde hantera sin tidspressade vardag. Föräldrarna önskade även att kunna föra vidare aktiva vanor till sina barn. Studiens kliniska implikationer består av att införa fysisk aktivitet som samtalsområde på BVC, eftersom det främjar föräldrarnas hälsa. / Program: Specialistsjuksköterskeutbildning med inriktning mot distriktssköterska

Os Transtornos Alimentares (TAs) são considerados quadros psicossomáticos, nos quais são observadas graves alterações no comportamento alimentar. O aumento da prevalência e os prejuízos vivenciados pelos indivíduos portadores de TAs fazem com que essas psicopatologias recebam a crescente atenção do meio científico. Há evidências de que aspectos da dinâmica familiar influenciam o surgimento e o curso do transtorno. As novas formações familiares e a inserção da mulher no mercado de trabalho cobram uma maior participação masculina no cuidado dos filhos. Winnicott defende que, a cada etapa do desenvolvimento emocional, o pai tem um papel importante para o amadurecimento da criança. Os estudos mostram que o pai de mulheres com TAs não conseguem se mostrar presentes no desenvolvimento psicoafetivo das filhas. Considerando a escassez de estudos sobre a figura paterna, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os psicodinamismos envolvidos na relação pai-filha no contexto dos TAs. Trata-se de um estudo clínico-qualitativo, fundamentado teoricamente na psicanálise, especificamente, na teoria winnicottiana. Participaram da pesquisa seis mulheres com diagnóstico de TAs e seus respectivos pais (progenitores do sexo masculino). Com cada participante foi realizada entrevista semiestruturada e aplicação do Procedimento de Desenhos de Família com Estórias (DF-E). As verbalizações foram audiogravadas mediante consentimento dos participantes. O material obtido com o DF-E foi analisado por meio do método de livre inspeção. Os resultados encontrados na entrevista semiestruturada e no DF-E foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. Os dados analisados indicaram uma relação pai-filha marcada pela pouca permissividade a demonstrações afetivas. Foram encontradas figuras paternas que, enquanto filhos, enfrentaram a ausência do pai ou pais extremamente autoritários, assim como o convívio com figuras maternas pouco disponíveis para trocas afetivas. Cuidados dentro de um ambiente com dificuldades em satisfazer suas necessidades afetivas, os pais, a fim de evitar o acesso às angústias suscitadas pela insatisfação, afastavam-se defensivamente das emoções. Concomitante à presença de pais distantes afetivamente, as filhas buscavam continência e aceitação de seus pais. Elas percebiam a preocupação e o cuidado por parte deles, entretanto, mostravam-se insatisfeitas. Pode-se inferir que, na falta de um ambiente que lhes apoiasse na integração de suas vivências, elas utilizavam o corpo como instrumento de comunicação da fome que sentiam de continência parental. Os achados deste estudo apontam para a relevância do envolvimento paterno na manifestação sintomática das filhas. Dessa forma, a inclusão do pai no tratamento das filhas pode possibilitar melhores possibilidades de integração das vivências emocionais da díade. / Eating Disorders (EDs) are considered psychosomatic conditions, characterized by severe alterations in eating behavior. The increasing prevalence and harms experienced by individuals with EDs make these psychopathologies receive growing attention from the scientific community. There are evidences that aspects of family dynamics influence the onset and course of the disorder. The new family configurations and the inclusion of women in the labor market demand a greater male participation in child care. Winnicott argues that, at each stage of emotional development, the father has an important role in the emotional maturation of the child. Studies show that fathers of women with EDs are not able to have a significant presence during the psycho-affective development of their daughters. In view of the lack of studies on the father figure, the objective in this study was to investigate the psychodynamics involved in the father-daughter relationship in the context of EDs. It is a clinical-qualitative research with a psychoanalytic approach, specifically Winnicott\'s theory. Six women diagnosed with EDs and their fathers participated. A semi-structured interview was held with each participant and the Procedure of Family Drawings with Stories (DF-E) was performed. Verbalizations were audio recorded with the participants\' consent. The material obtained with the DF-E was analyzed by means of the free inspection method. The findings from the semi-structured interviews and DF-E were subject to thematic content analysis. The data indicated a father-daughter relationship marked by low permissiveness of affective manifestations. The results show that the fathers, during childhood, faced absent or authoritarian father figures, as well as mother figures not available for emotional exchanges. Educated within an environment struggling to meet their emotional needs, in order to avoid access to the anguish aroused by affective dissatisfaction, the parents defensively avoided their emotions. Together with the presence of emotionally distant fathers, daughters sought their continence and acceptance. Daugthers perceived the concern and care of their fathers, but showed they were dissatisfied. It can be inferred that, in the absence of an environment that would support the daughters in integrating their experiences, they used the body as a tool to express the lack of parental affection. These study findings highlighted the relevance of paternal involvement in the symptomatic manifestation of their daughters. Thus, the inclusion of fathers in the daughters\' treatment may provide better opportunities to integrate the emotional experiences of both.

Tornar-se pai e/ou mãe pela via da adoção requer atravessar tanto por processo jurídico quanto psíquico. Pretendentes e crianças são submetidos a cada um desses percursos, que contém características específicas em seus desenvolvimentos. No âmbito jurídico é necessário passar por uma sequência de trâmites legais até que se concretize a adoção com a emissão da nova certidão de nascimento. Um complexo trabalho psíquico precisa ser realizado para se construir a parentalidade e a filialidade adotivas. O entrelaçamento dos aspectos envolvidos nessas delicadas mudanças pode gerar conflitos que acabam por levar à devolução. Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo geral identificar quais os fatores presentes na fase de aproximação e no período de convivência, do processo de adoção, que podem estar relacionados aos casos de devolução de crianças. Tendo como base uma metodologia clínico-qualitativa, foram realizadas entrevistas semidirigidas com seis psicólogas da equipe técnica de cinco Varas da Infância e da Juventude da cidade de São Paulo e região; com a finalidade de se obter informações sobre os procedimentos utilizados para a realização da preparação dos pretendentes, a aproximação entre eles e as crianças e o acompanhamento do período de convivência. A análise dos resultados, por meio de categorias temáticas, referendou-se no referencial psicanalítico (intrapsíquico e vincular). Quanto à preparação dos pretendentes, foi observada a existência de dois espaços, o curso preparatório ou grupo informativo e o estudo psicológico da fase de habilitação do processo de adoção. No primeiro eles entram mais em contato com informações de ordem processual e realidade das crianças acolhidas e no segundo com material subjetivo sobre a parentalidade adotiva. Aqui é fundamental que reconheçam a importância da via jurídica da adoção e do trabalho realizado pela equipe técnica e estabeleçam uma relação de confiança e parceria com esses profissionais. Na fase de aproximação, a equipe técnica da instituição de acolhimento tem um papel fundamental para proporcionar os primeiros contatos e avaliar como estão desenvolvendo esses encontros, sendo relevante que as duas equipes estejam com a mesma compreensão a respeito de como proceder nos passos a serem dados nesse momento desse projeto específico de adoção, sempre levando em conta o tempo da criança para se efetivar seu desacolhimento. No estágio de convivência é essencial que as psicólogas se estabeleçam como referência de apoio aos pretendentes, se fazendo disponíveis para orientá-los e ajudá-los conforme as dificuldades forem aparecendo na adaptação com a criança. É imprescindível que os adotantes consigam pedir e encontrar ajuda de profissionais especializados para conseguirem superar os percalços encontrados na construção dos novos vínculos familiares. Foi possível observar que instituições judiciárias que oferecem boas condições de trabalho aos profissionais das equipes técnicas e que possam contar com uma boa estrutura da rede de apoio têm um número menor de casos de ocorrência de devolução. Espera-se que esse estudo possa ter ampliado o entendimento sobre o tema, contribuindo para a reflexão das práticas utilizadas pelos profissionais do judiciário, a fim de prevenir ou evitar a ocorrência de casos de devolução de crianças / Becoming a parent by adopting requires going through a legal and a psychological process. Prospective adoptive parents and children are submitted to each of these journeys, which contain particular characteristics as they unfold. In terms of the legal system, it is necessary to get through a series of legal phases until the completion of an adoption through the issuance of a new birth certificate. Complex psychological work has to be carried out to build adoptive parenthood and childhood. The overlapping between all aspects involved in these delicate changes can cause conflict that can lead to devolution. This study has as its aim to identify which factors present in the approach phase and in the period of cohabitation of and adoption process may be related to cases in which children have been returned. Having a clinic-qualitative methodology as its foundation, semi-structured interviews were carried out with six psychologists from the technical staff of five Children and Youth Court of the city of São Paulo and greater area; with the purpose of obtaining information on procedures used to put in the place prospective adoptive parents preparation, rapprochement between them and the children, and the period of cohabitation. The analysis of results, through thematic categories, was based on psychoanalytical references (intra-psychological and bonding). Regarding adoptive parents preparation, the existence of two venues was observed: the preparatory information course and the psychological study of the habilitation phase in the adoption process. In the former, they mostly get in touch with information from legal aspects and the reality of the children they took in and, in the latter, with the subjective material on adoptive parenthood. In this instance, it is key that they recognize the importance of the legal adoption track and of the work carried out by the technical team, and that they stablish a trusting cooperative relationship with these professionals. In the rapprochement phase, the technical team of the foster home plays a fundamental role in providing the first contact opportunities and assessing how these meetings are developing, being relevant that these two teams have the same understanding with respect to how they will go about taking the next steps in this particular moment of the adoption process, always taking into consideration how long a child takes to process his/her disbanding. It is essential, in the phase of cohabitation, that psychologists stablish themselves as a reference for support to prospective parents, making themselves available for guidance and assistance according to the difficulties that might arise in the adaptation with the child. It is crucial that the adoptive parents be able to find professional help from specialized professionals in order to overcome the obstacles found in the construction of new family bonds. It was possible to observe that legal institutions that offer good working conditions to professionals from technical teams, and that can rely on a good supporting network infrastructure, have a lower number of devolution cases. We hope that this study has broadened the understanding of the topic, contributing to a reflection on the practices carried out by professional from the judiciary, aiming to prevent or avoid the occurrence of the devolution of children

Since the government commissioned the Crossing Bridges programme in 1998 (Falcov, 1998) and through legislation and a number of government policies and initiatives since, there has been emphasis on addressing the needs of families where there are parental mental health problems. Furthermore, there is a fast-growing body of research pointing to the needs of these families. However, service structures, development and provision have lagged behind. Most often parents with mental health difficulties have access to services addressing their individual mental health needs while their needs as parents and the needs of their children remain largely invisible. One such need that has been highlighted repeatedly in the literature is the need for children to have information about and make sense of their parent’s mental health difficulties. Given the lack of services to respond to this need, it is most often left to the parent to make decisions about and respond to their child’s search for understanding. This study is a qualitative study that explores parents’ experiences of decision-making and responding to this need, and the social processes and dominant discourses that impact on these experiences. Fifteen parents with mental health difficulties were interviewed, using semi-structured individual interviews, which were transcribed, and interpretive Grounded Theory was employed to analyse and interpret the data. The grounded theory that was constructed suggest two main social processes that impact on parents’ talking with their children about parental mental health issues. Firstly, within a relational context, parents were Negotiating mutuality between themselves and their children. Secondly, within an identity context, parents had to navigate Holding on to self, holding on to life. These social processes indicate that both parents’ relationships with their children and also their own sense of themselves within the context of their mental distress powerfully shape telling, talking and keeping silent. Implications of these findings both in relation to clinical interventions and future research are considered. In particular, the importance of positioning the parent as active role-player in the healing of their child, and positioning the child as active role-payer in their own meaning-making, are highlighted. Furthermore, developing ‘double-stories’ beyond the mental health story and beyond ‘information’ is emphasised and the importance of a sense of continuity of self and identity over time for parent and child is accentuated. Finally, the importance of allowing for complex and ever-evolving understandings of mental distress is indicated, and the role of both talking and remaining silent in this process is stressed.

Drawing on contemporary theories of intimacy, this study explores the intimacy narratives and practices of single mothers at a time of, it is argued, social and cultural change in terms of intimacy. Narrative interviews of twenty-four single mothers draw out layers of personal, social and cultural complexity in terms of understanding, experiencing and making choices about intimacy in their everyday lives. The concept of ‘intimacy scripts' (developed from Simon and Gagnon, 1973) is deployed to explore how single mothers develop blueprints for their intimate lives, drawing on a range of cultural, social and personal possibilities for intimate practices. This process is viewed within a wider context of gendered power relations and material constraints. Participants were often affected by stigmatizing depictions of single mothers and resisted these through their narratives which tended to emphasize how they had not chosen single motherhood. Indeed the transition to single motherhood was often experienced as traumatic, marked by shame, disappointment and loss. Perceptions of increased fluidity and the possibility for experimentation around intimacy are discernible, chiming with individualisation theorists (Bauman, 2003; Beck and Beck-Gernsheim, 1995; Giddens, 1992). However, basic economic survival often took precedence over the reflexive organisation of intimate lives (Jamieson, 1998). Intimacy narratives were unsettled, in turn depicting opportunities for intimate experimentations and invoking nostalgia for more traditional intimate forms, demonstrating ambivalence and liminality. Heteronormative ideals of coupledom, romance and traditional family remained aspirational for many, although the importance of equality in relationships was also highlighted. Yet many participants struggled to find suitable male partners and were aware of inequalities and the risks associated with re-partnering, often based on negative experiences. Intimate choices were shaped and constrained by socio-economic positioning; the protection of dependents; maintenance of their family unit; continuing gendered expectations and the ongoing centrality of heteronormative romantic couple-centred intimate practices.

This thesis investigates how lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and queer parents interact with media representations. I identify two significant gaps in current scholarship on this topic. One between queer theory and LGBTQ sociology, where claims about the possibility of radical politics are disconnected from studies of everyday life. The other, between media studies and sociology of the family, where the central role of media in constituting identity drops out of discussions about everyday LGBTQ lives. As a result of this mapping of the field I formulated these key research questions: how do LGBTQ parents negotiate media culture? How do LGBTQ parents negotiate visibility and intelligibility for their families and how do they experience media invisibility? And, what conditions of family and what broader social possibilities are generated by the interactions LGBTQ parents have with media? These research questions framed the design of a project in which I conducted semi-structured interviews with thirty LGBTQ parents living in the UK. The thesis takes this primary empirical material together with reference to scholarship on media culture, family formation, and queerness, and posits that media representation is a core constituent of identity formation and central to how we can understand the making and maintenance of LGBTQ-parented families. I examine how ideas about what a ‘normal' or heterosexual family looks like shape the experiences and quest for intelligibility, legitimacy and visibility; how parents conceptualise their families in relation to the possibility of articulating radical identities; and the notion of generational rupture and inheritance as it is managed through media and community. The key findings of this thesis are that LGBTQ parents employ a variety of strategies to tackle media invisibility; LGBTQ parents both conform to, and resist, narratives of family as intrinsically normative; LGBTQ parents negotiate new representations of family and produce new narratives of the meaning of radicalism. Finally, I show that media is central to the identity work of LGBTQ parents, and is strongly implicated in the construction of home and family life. I offer a thesis which contests the meaning of futurity and normativity in queer theory and interjects in the discussion on the cultural formation and meaning of family.

This thesis, from the theoretical point of view, is concerned with the role of each generation in the wider, multi-generational family in the present day. The fundamental subject in this study is a preschool child and his/her bond to other family members, who play essential part in the child's upbringing and socialisation (family and its changes, legal status, pro- family political movements, moral education, the role of grandparents, the full meaning of a functional family for a child's healthy development. There is a full description of the research, mapping the way and course of important festivities in the multi-generational families with a different social status, education as well as different educational surroundings in the empirical part of the research. The study examines the role of the oldest generation in handing the traditions and family customs over to the younger generations and the role each member assumes in the realization of the celebration in the multi-generational family living together. Key Words: multi-generational family, cohabition, parenthood, grandparenhood, traditions and rituals