Weak interactions in an atomic system by external electromagnetic fields or nucleon-nucleon interaction cause perturbations in the wave-function and energy levels of electrons, which allow for transitions that are otherwise forbidden. Of particular interest are magnetic dipole (M1) transitions, Stark-induced transitions, and parity non-conserving (PNC) transitions. The PNC interaction in the hyperfine ground states is dominantly due to the anapole moment of the nucleus and there has been up-to-date only one such measurement carried out in any system; the Boulder group's ground-breaking measurement of the anapole moment in atomic cesium in 1997. Their result derived from two different hyperfine transitions, however, did not agree with the meson-coupling model from high energy physics experiments. Therefore, it is important to revisit the anapole moment through another method to cross-check the Boulder group's measurement. Our goal is to excite the nuclear-spin-dependent (NSD) PNC ground hyperfine transitions in cesium via radio-frequency (rf) and Raman excitation to directly determine the anapole moment. I present our progress toward measurement of the NSD transition in an atomic Cs beam geometry. We have developed a broadband rf cavity resonator to strongly suppress the magnetic dipole (M1) transition while enhancing the forbidden PNC electric dipole (E1) transition. We employed an injection locking scheme to generate a pair of phase-coherent Raman lasers far detuned from the cesium D2 line (852 nm) with a 9.2 GHz frequency difference. I report various measurement data from atomic signal via rf and Raman excitation. In the next generation of measurements, we will carry out interference experiments between rf and Raman transitions by varying the phase relations of the rf and Raman lasers fields. Finally, based on the measurements, I discuss a novel robust measurement technique involving interference of the Raman, M1 and E_PNC contributions.<br>

A participação de usuários de serviços de saúde mental em pesquisas acadêmicas é uma tendência recente que vem, de forma incipiente, sendo adotada no Brasil. São iniciativas interessantes na medida em que promovem a democratização da produção de conhecimento, conferindo a grupos populares a oportunidade de ter se colocarem frente às suas necessidades específicas. Rose (2003) coloca que existem vários níveis de participação e essas iniciativas não representam necessariamente a emancipação dos usuários, sendo necessário que se observe e qualifique o protagonismo dos participantes. A presente tese visa avaliar quais os efeitos do envolvimento de uma associação de usuários (a AFLORE) junto a uma aliança internacional de pesquisa (a ARUCI-SMC). Nos utilizamos da metodologia da pesquisa ação participante afim de que os membros da associação pudessem se envolver diretamente em diferentes etapas desta pesquisa, como a formulação de perguntas de pesquisa e a sistematização da experiência. As análises aqui propostas baseiam-se no conceito de paridade participativa em Nancy Fraser, que é composto por três dimensões interligadas: o reconhecimento, a redistribuição e a representação. Partiremos destas dimensões para avaliar em que medida a parceria de pesquisa promove a paridade participativa dos envolvidos. A participação de usuários em pesquisas na aliança em questão parte do reconhecimento dos mesmos enquanto sujeitos portadores de um saber único, que advém da experiência. No entanto o contrato entre universidade e comunidade e reforça estruturas sociais que bloqueiam a paridade participativa, promovendo a desigualdade. É necessário que a academia se disponha a rever aspectos como a vinculação formal com a universidade e a possibilidade de remuneração para pesquisadores comunitários. Além disso a linguagem é apresentada como aspecto que dificulta a participação de membros da comunidade. Uma estratégia de linguagem adotada nesta pesquisa é a produção audiovisual realizada de forma dialógica entre técnico do audiovisual e pesquisadores, potencializando a sistematização do conhecimento a partir das demandas do grupo de pesquisadores comunitários / The participation of mental health service consumers in academic research is a recent trend that has being adopted in Brazil. Such initiatives promote the democratization of knowledge production. This way popular groups have the opportunity to put forward their specific needs. Rose (2003) states that there are several levels of participation and these initiatives do not necessarily represent the empowerment of consumers, being necessary to observe and qualify the role of the participants. This thesis aims to assess what effects the involvement of an association of consumers (AFLORE) next to an international research alliance (the ARUCISMC). The use of participatory action research methodology enables consumers to be directly involved at different stages of this research. Consumers were involved in the formulation of research questions and the systematization of experience. The analysis proposed here is based on the concept of participatory parity in Nancy Fraser, which consists of three interrelated dimensions: recognition, redistribution and representation. We leave these dimensions to assess to what extent the research partnership promotes participatory parity of those involved. Consumers participation in the alliance research is based on the recognition that they are subjects with a unique knowledge that comes from experience. However, the contract between the university and community reinforces social structures that block the participatory parity, promoting inequality. Academy has to review aspects such as the formal link between the university and community researchers. Also the language is presented as an aspect that hinders the participation of community members. A language strategy adopted in this research is the audiovisual production

Les codes correcteurs d’erreurs Non-Binaires Low Density Parity Check (NB-LDPC) sont connus pour avoir de meilleure performance que les codes LDPC binaires. Toutefois, la complexité de décodage des codes non-binaires est bien supérieure à celle des codes binaires. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer de nouveaux algorithmes et de nouvelles architectures matérielles de code NB-LDPC pour le décodage des NBLDPC. La première contribution de cette thèse consiste à réduire la complexité du nœud de parité en triant en amont ses messages d’entrées. Ce tri initial permet de rendre certains états très improbables et le matériel requis pour les traiter peut tout simplement être supprimé. Cette suppression se traduit directement par une réduction de la complexité du décodeur NB-LDPC, et ce, sans affecter significativement les performances de décodage. Un modèle d’architecture, appelée "architecture hybride" qui combine deux algorithmes de l’état de l’art ("l’Extended Min Sum" et le "Syndrome Based") a été proposé afin d’exploiter au maximum le pré-tri. La thèse propose aussi de nouvelles méthodes pour traiter les nœuds de variable dans le contexte d’une architecture pré-tri. Différents exemples d’implémentations sont donnés pour des codes NB-LDPC sur GF(64) et GF(256). En particulier, une architecture très efficace de décodeur pour un code de rendement 5/6 sur GF(64) est présentée. Cette architecture se caractérise par une architecture de check node nœud de parité entièrement parallèle. Enfin, une problématique récurrente dans les architectures NB-LDPC, qui est la recherche des P minimums parmi une liste de taille Ns, est abordée. La thèse propose une architecture originale appelée first-then-second minimum pour une implantation efficace de cette tâche. / The Non-Binary Low Density Parity Check (NB-LDPC) codes constitutes an interesting category of error correction codes, and are well known to outperform their binary counterparts. However, their non-binary nature makes their decoding process of higher complexity. This PhD thesis aims at proposing new decoding algorithms for NB-LDPC codes that will be shaping the resultant hardware architectures expected to be of low complexity and high throughput rate. The first contribution of this thesis is to reduce the complexity of the Check Node (CN) by minimizing the number of messages being processed. This is done thanks to a pre-sorting process that sorts the messages intending to enter the CN based on their reliability values, where the less likely messages will be omitted and consequently their dedicated hardware part will be simply removed. This reliability-based sorting enabling the processing of only the highly reliable messages induces a high reduction of the hardware complexity of the NB-LDPC decoder. Clearly, this hardware reduction must come at no significant performance degradation. A new Hybrid architectural CN model (H-CN) combining two state-of-the-art algorithms - Forward-Backward CN (FB-CN) and Syndrome Based CN (SB-CN) - has been proposed. This hybrid model permits to effectively exploit the advantages of pre-sorting. This thesis proposes also new methods to perform the Variable Node (VN) processing in the context of pre-sorting-based architecture. Different examples of implementation of NB-LDPC codes defined over GF(64) and GF(256) are presented. For decoder to run faster, it must become parallel. From this perspective, we have proposed a new efficient parallel decoder architecture for a 5/6 rate NB-LDPC code defined over GF(64). This architecture is characterized by its fully parallel CN architecture receiving all the input messages in only one clock cycle. The proposed new methodology of parallel implementation of NB-LDPC decoders constitutes a new vein in the hardware conception of ultra-high throughput rate decoders. Finally, since the NB-LDPC decoders requires the implementation of a sorting function to extract P minimum values among a list of size Ns, a chapter is dedicated to this problematic where an original architecture called First-Then-Second-Extrema-Selection (FTSES) has been proposed.

Submitted by CARLA MARIA GOULART DE MORAES (carlagm) on 2015-04-09T15:25:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelGiaretta.pdf: 506222 bytes, checksum: e353f74cbe4c2189a43a03748eb4b9cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T15:25:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelGiaretta.pdf: 506222 bytes, checksum: e353f74cbe4c2189a43a03748eb4b9cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Nenhuma / Este estudo teve o objetivo de analisar a integração financeira entre o Brasil e o mercado internacional no período de 2002 a junho de 2010. A metodologia empregada foi a revisão teórica e empírica sobre o processo de integração financeira, o fluxo de capitais para o Brasil e a paridade de juros. Os principais resultados são que o Brasil se tornou mais integrado ao mercado internacional durante o período analisado, não somente pelo aumento do volume comercial, mas também pela maior integração financeira. / The present study had the objective to analyze the financial integration between Brazil and the international market from 2002 to June 2010. The methodology used was a review theoretical and empirical the process about financial integration, capital flows to Brazil and the rate of interest. The main results are that Brazil has become more integrated into the international market during the period analyzed, not only by increasing the volume of trade, but also by most financial integration.

A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) é o distúrbio endócrino-metabólico mais frequente na menacme, com prevalência de 7 a 10 %, contribuindo com o aumento do risco cardiovascular e/ou diabetes mellitus tipo II nessas mulheres. OBJETIVOS: Identificar as características epidemiológicas e os diferentes fenótipos da SOP, a prevalência da síndrome metabólica encontrada em cada fenótipo e os fatores associados ao risco metabólico dessas pacientes. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Estudo observacional com 566 mulheres entre 14 e 39 anos portadoras de SOP, segundo o consenso de Rotterdam. O risco metabólico foi avaliado pela análise descritiva com intervalo de confiança de 95%. As variáveis quantitativas foram testadas pelo método de Shapiro-Wilk e teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. Para a análise multivariada usou-se a razão de prevalências entre as diversas variáveis independentes e o desfecho risco metabólico. Identificamos os fatores associados ao risco metabólico empregando a regressão de Cox com variância robusta. RESULTADOS: Das 566 pacientes, 27,9% tinham entre 20 e 24 anos; 84,5% eram afrodescendentes; 90,6% apresentavam irregularidade menstrual; 91,8% hirsutismo; 77,7% ovários aumentados e/ou policísticos; 15,7% com pelo menos um filho; IMC elevado em 66,5%; CA superior a 88 em 51%; pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica elevadas em 38,9% e 20% das pacientes respectivamente; 7,7% intolerância a carboidratos, 40,8% de HDL-colesterol reduzido, 8,8% de triglicerídeos elevados. Encontramos risco metabólico em 21%, com predomínio dos fenótipos E (28,4%), B (25%) e A (22%). Antecedentes familiares de diabete, hipertensão arterial, câncer ginecológico e câncer não ginecológico não contribuíram, com significância estatística, para o aumento de eventos metabólicos. O acréscimo de um ano na idade elevou o risco em 5%. A cada subida de uma unidade no IMC foram adicionados 8%. A presença de hirsutismo triplicou o risco. Pacientes com pelo menos um filho apresentaram duas vezes mais síndrome metabólica do que as sem filhos. CONCLUSÕES: Foi observada maior frequência de síndrome metabólica entre os fenótipos que apresentam em comum oligoanovulação e hirsutismo (E, B e A). Em pacientes com SOP a idade, a paridade, a presença de hirsutismo e obesidade foram os fatores independentemente relacionados ao aumento do risco metabólico / Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic disorder that is more frequent in premenopausal, affecting 7 to 10% of women, contributing to the increase of cardiovascular and/or type II diabetes mellitus risk. OBJECTIVES: To identify the epidemiological characteristics and different phenotypes of PCOS, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome found in each phenotype and metabolic risk factors associated with these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Observational study of 566 women between 14 and 39 years with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria. The metabolic risk was assessed by descriptive analysis with a confidence interval of 95%. Quantitative variables were tested by using Shapiro-Wilk method and nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. For the multivariate analysis the prevalence ratio between several independent variables and the outcome metabolic risk were used. Factors associated with the metabolic risk were identified by using Cox regression with a robust variance. RESULTS: Of 566 patients, 27.9% were between 20 and 24 years, 84.5% were of African descents; 90.6% had oligoanovulation; 91.8% hirsutism; 77.7% enlarged ovaries and/or polycystic, 15.7% with at least one child in high BMI 66.5%, CA 88 exceeding 51%; systolic and diastolic blood pressure elevated by 38.9% and 20% of patients, respectively, 7.7% carbohydrate intolerance, 40.8% HDL-cholesterol changed, 8.8% triglyceride levels. Metabolic risk found in 21%, with a predominance of E phenotypes (28.4%), B (25%) and A (22.1%). Family history of diabetes, hypertension, gynecological cancer and gynecological cancer does not contribute with statistical significance for increased metabolic events. The one-year increase in age raised the risk by 5%. Every increase of one unit in BMI 8% were added. Presence of hirsutism tripled the risk. Patients with at least one child were twice as metabolic syndrome than those without children. CONCLUSIONS: A higher frequency of metabolic syndrome phenotypes that have in common oligoanovulation and hirsutism (E, B and A) were observed. Independently associated factors with the metabolic risk in PCOS patients were age, parity, hirsutism and obesity

Thesis (MBA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2017 / This study drew attention to the influential role the transformational leadership constructs can play in increasing women representation in decision making structures of the Department of Social Development (DSD). The DSD’s Sekhukhune District in Limpopo Province was used as an area of study. The aim of the study was to investigate the significance of transformational leadership in pursuing gender parity in the DSD’s Sekhukhune District. The study followed an exploratory research design and implemented a qualitative methodology. A total of 10 DSD managers were targeted. Furthermore, a purposive sampling was used and interviews were conducted as the method of data collection. The data collected had been analysed thematically. The results revealed that although there have been improvements of more appointed women managers within the organisation. There were still more women managers than men managers within the organisation. However, most men occupy senior management positions while most women occupy the lower managerial positions. Most managers were not inspired to perform more than they were expected giving the reason that, they lack resources and their efforts often go unrecognised. Most managers found political appointment discouraging towards fair promotions. Nevertheless, there were enough women who possess required leadership skills. Conversely, there were no programmes that support women participation and empowerment in issues relating to gender parity. Leadership training, transformational leadership, provision of resources and salary acceleration were common suggestions to pursue gender parity. The study recommends that the DSD Sekhukhune District leadership should adopt and implement transformational leadership, change political appointment, appoint leaders with relevant qualifications, establishing a functional gender mainstreaming office within the DSD Sekhukhune District, adequate budgetary support and specialised training of staff shall assist in closing the gender parity gap.

<p>Low-density parity-check codes have recently received much attention because of their excellent performance and the availability of a simple iterative decoder. The decoder, however, requires large amounts of memory, which causes problems with memory consumption. </p><p>We investigate a new decoding scheme for low density parity check codes to address this problem. The basic idea is to define a reliability measure and a threshold, and stop updating the messages for a bit whenever its reliability is higher than the threshold. We also consider some modifications to this scheme, including a dynamic threshold more suitable for codes with cycles, and a scheme with soft thresholds which allow the possibility of removing a decision which have proved wrong. </p><p>By exploiting the bits different rates of convergence we are able to achieve an efficiency of up to 50% at a bit error rate of less than 10^-5. The efficiency should roughly correspond to the power consumption of a hardware implementation of the algorithm.</p>

<p>This thesis treats the mass range of charmonium states and excited gluonic fields in two experiments, BESII and PANDA, and outlines a phenomenological model that connects them.</p><p>In BESII, <i>e</i>⁺<i>e</i>^– form a charmonium initial state, which is utilised as a source for secondary particles. The analysed channels, <i>ψ</i>´→ <i>γK</i>⁺<i>K</i>^– and <i>ψ</i>´→ <i>γπ</i>⁺<i>π</i>^–, give access to intermediate scalar states such as the two glueball candidates: f₀(1500) and f₀(1710). The f₀(1710) is indeed observed in decay into both <i>π</i>⁺<i>π</i>^– and <i>K</i>⁺<i>K</i>^– and the f₀(1500) is accepted as a necessary part of the <i>π</i>⁺<i>π</i>^– signal at the moderate 5% level. In addition, we observe the two tensor states f₂(1270) (in both channels) and f₂´(1525) (in <i>K</i>⁺<i>K</i>^–), but the need for the f₂´(1525) is not firmly established. The region around 2 GeV/<i>c</i>² is fitted with an f₄(2050) and an f₀(2200) in <i>π</i>⁺<i>π</i>^–. This region is fairly flat in <i>K</i>⁺<i>K</i>^– with a slight peak at the f₀(2200). Branching ratios for all eight channels are given. A fit to the angular distribution of ψ´→ γ f₂(1270) → <i>γ π</i>⁺<i>π</i>^–gave two possible solutions for the relative importance of helicity projections zero, one and two.</p><p>The future <i>pp</i>bar experiment PANDA is still in the development phase; important physics goals have been defined and we are now taking on the laborious task of constructing a detector that is able to fulfil them. A simulation investigation of a theoretically preferred <i>J</i><i>PC</i>=1^–+ charmonium hybrid (<i>H</i><i>c</i>) is presented: <i>ppbar</i> → <i>H</i><i>c</i><i>π</i>⁰/<i>η</i>, <i>H</i><i>c</i> → <i>χ</i><i>c</i>₁ (<i>π</i>⁰<i>π</i>⁰)<i>S–wave</i>, <i>χ</i><i>c</i>₁ → <i>J</i>/<i>ψπ</i>⁰, with a final state of seven photons and a lepton pair. To detect this channel next to full coverage of CM phase space is needed and as little material as possible before the electromagnetic calorimeter. </p><p>A second simulation study of <i>pp</i>bar → <i>η</i><i>c</i> → <i>γγ</i> at PANDA, suggests that the channel should be possible to detect with a signal-to-background ratio of 5±1 and a detection efficiency of at least 10%. </p><p>By assuming a constant matrix element we obtain a relation between the decay width for <i>ψ</i> → <i>pp</i>bar+<i>m</i>, which has been measured at BES for several cases, and the cross section for <i>pp</i>bar charmonium production in association with the same light meson, <i>m</i> (at for example PANDA). Cross sections of ~300–3000 pb were predicted for J/ψ production and ~30 pb for <i>ψ</i>' production. Isoscalars seem to be preferred to isovectors in <i>J</i>/<i>ψ</i> production, this might however be an artefact of simplifications within the model. A comparison with the only measured cross section, <i>pp</i>bar → <i>J</i>/<i>ψπ</i>⁰, suggests that the model is useful as a first estimate.</p>

The aim of this paper is to explain the notion of subspace defined by means of pseudodifferential projection and give its applications in elliptic theory. Such subspaces are indispensable in the theory of well-posed boundary value problems for an arbitrary elliptic operator, including the Dirac operator, which has no classical boundary value problems. Pseudodifferential subspaces can be used to compute the fractional part of the spectral Atiyah–Patodi–Singer eta invariant, when it defines a homotopy invariant (Gilkey’s problem). Finally, we explain how pseudodifferential subspaces can be used to give an analytic realization of the topological K-group with finite coefficients in terms of elliptic operators. It turns out that all three applications are based on a theory of elliptic operators on closed manifolds acting in subspaces.

This thesis treats the mass range of charmonium states and excited gluonic fields in two experiments, BESII and PANDA, and outlines a phenomenological model that connects them. In BESII, e+e– form a charmonium initial state, which is utilised as a source for secondary particles. The analysed channels, ψ´→ γK+K– and ψ´→ γπ+π–, give access to intermediate scalar states such as the two glueball candidates: f0(1500) and f0(1710). The f0(1710) is indeed observed in decay into both π+π– and K+K– and the f0(1500) is accepted as a necessary part of the π+π– signal at the moderate 5% level. In addition, we observe the two tensor states f2(1270) (in both channels) and f2´(1525) (in K+K–), but the need for the f2´(1525) is not firmly established. The region around 2 GeV/c2 is fitted with an f4(2050) and an f0(2200) in π+π–. This region is fairly flat in K+K– with a slight peak at the f0(2200). Branching ratios for all eight channels are given. A fit to the angular distribution of ψ´→ γ f2(1270) → γ π+π–gave two possible solutions for the relative importance of helicity projections zero, one and two. The future ppbar experiment PANDA is still in the development phase; important physics goals have been defined and we are now taking on the laborious task of constructing a detector that is able to fulfil them. A simulation investigation of a theoretically preferred JPC=1–+ charmonium hybrid (Hc) is presented: ppbar → Hcπ0/η, Hc → χc1 (π0π0)S–wave, χc1 → J/ψπ0, with a final state of seven photons and a lepton pair. To detect this channel next to full coverage of CM phase space is needed and as little material as possible before the electromagnetic calorimeter. A second simulation study of ppbar → ηc → γγ at PANDA, suggests that the channel should be possible to detect with a signal-to-background ratio of 5±1 and a detection efficiency of at least 10%. By assuming a constant matrix element we obtain a relation between the decay width for ψ → ppbar+m, which has been measured at BES for several cases, and the cross section for ppbar charmonium production in association with the same light meson, m (at for example PANDA). Cross sections of ~300–3000 pb were predicted for J/ψ production and ~30 pb for ψ' production. Isoscalars seem to be preferred to isovectors in J/ψ production, this might however be an artefact of simplifications within the model. A comparison with the only measured cross section, ppbar → J/ψπ0, suggests that the model is useful as a first estimate.