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La población de Lima metropolitana se caracteriza por tener un ritmo de vida ajetreado que lleva a elecciones de comida rápida y muchas veces poco saludables, que tiene como consecuencia el aumento de índices de sobrepeso u obesidad. En la actualidad se ha observado un aumento de la preocupación de las personas sobre su salud y alimentación y se ha evidenciado por el aumento de locales que ofrecen servicios y alimentos saludables en la ciudad. Sin embargo, según nuestro estudio de mercado no hemos encontrado que esta tendencia haya llegado a los locales de entretenimiento nocturno como son los bares o lounge-bar. En el presente trabajo planteamos un plan de negocio que incluye alimentación saludable, entrenamiento y que busca rescatar las interacciones interpersonales perdidas por el aumento del uso de la tecnología mediante la diversión basada en juegos lúdicos. “Cheers Lounge-bar” es un espacio innovador que busca la comodidad del cliente y promueve un estilo de vida saludable. / Lima city's population its characterized by a busy lifestyle that leads to unhealthy fast food choices, with increased obesity and overweight index. Nowadays, there has been an increased concern about health and nutrition and there has been an increased amount of locations in the city that offer healthy food and services. However, according to our market research, we haven't found that this trend has reached nightlife venues such as bars or lounge-bars. In this work we propose a business plan that includes healthy eating, training; that seeks to rescue the interpersonal interactions lost by the increase in the use of technology through fun and playful games. "Cheers Lounge-bar" is an innovative space that seeks the clients comfort and promotes a healthy lifestyle. / Trabajo de investigación

Title: Analysis of test on physical competence of Joint Rescue System's members. Objectives: The main purpose is to analyze tests of physical competence of Joint Rescue System's members. Methods: The method of analysis was used in the work. The method of analysis was applied in the analysis of individual tests of physical fitness for the described components of the Joint Rescue System. Results: We've found that the physical tests of the components of the Joint Rescue System differ in the number and difficulty of individual physical tests. Differences were also found in the division into groups according to gender, age and job classification. However, the same elements in the strength of physical tests were also proven. Keywords: analysis, Joint Rescue System, physical training, tests.

El presente trabajo de investigación busca resolver una problemática a nivel mundial, la cual es el incremento del sobrepeso y la obesidad en la población, estas condiciones son causantes de enfermedades como diabetes, cáncer o cardiopatías y se relacionan con un estilo de vida inadecuado respecto a la alimentación y actividad física. Sonqo es una propuesta de aplicación móvil que reúne características y funciones que permite a sus usuarios incorporar hábitos adecuados de nutrición y entrenamiento físico en sus vidas, por medio de herramientas que los motivan a conseguir sus objetivos y lograr su bienestar. La estrategia comercial de Sonqo está basada en la diferenciación la cual se da al ofrecer un servicio que se basa en la personalización de funciones de acuerdo a los datos ingresados por el usuario. Además de ingresar al mercado con un precio competitivo buscando lograr un alto número de usuarios que puedan mejorar su estilo de vida. Sonqo planea lograr sus objetivos utilizando estrategias de marketing basadas en redes sociales y una estrategia organizacional innovadora de trabajo remoto que va a permitir contar con un equipo multidisciplinario. El análisis financiero para una inversión inicial de S/ 204,331 proyectado a cinco años muestra indicadores de rentabilidad como un valor neto actual (VAN) de S/ 1,026,107 y una tasa interna de retorno (TIR) de 67%, estos valores concluyen que a nivel económico el proyecto es viable y rentable. / In recent years overweight and obesity of the population have become a global problem; these conditions cause diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and heart illnesses. So, the new global trend is towards a healthy diet and lifestyle to avoid chronic health problems. In order to help to solve these global problems, in this research project, we propose Sonqo, a mobile application with many characteristics and functionalities, which enables users to incorporate appropriate habits and physical training into their daily life. For that, it uses some tools that motivate users to achieve their goals and physical well-being. The commercial strategy of Sonqo is based on the differentiation and innovation of the provided service. Our approach works in a personalized way customizing all functions according to the data provided by the users. Besides, it has the potential to enter the market with a competitive price in order to command a high number of customers who want to improve their lifestyle. Sonqo aims to achieve its objectives using modern marketing strategies based on social networks and an additional innovative organizational strategy for a remote work that allows the conformation of a multidisciplinary team. Finally, the economic viability is shown throughout a financial analysis. This analysis projects an initial investment of S/ 204,331 planned over five years, which shows profitability indicators of S/ 1,026,107 of Net Present Value (NPV) and 67% of the Internal Rate of Return on Investment (IRR). These values conclude that Sonqo is an economically viable and profitable project. / Trabajo de investigación

Vivimos en un mundo con altos niveles de estrés y responsabilidades que afectan nuestra salud. Ante esta problemática, la actividad física es considerada como una estrategia preventiva que influye de manera positiva en la salud y estado de ánimo de las personas. Por esa razón, presentamos “FitHealth: Comunidad virtual para ejercitarse”, una aplicación móvil con servicio de geolocalización que conecta en tiempo real una red de entrenadores personales calificados con personas que desean ejercitarse en comunidad. Nuestra propuesta de negocio ofrece acceso a un entrenador personalizado en el momento deseado, de manera fácil, adaptada a sus necesidades y en el lugar en que lo requiera. El beneficio de acercar el servicio al usuario cobra especial valor tomando en cuenta el ahorro de tiempo y estrés ocasionado por el transporte caótico de la ciudad. El servicio es único en el mercado actual. La oferta de valor está centrada en un servicio personalizado de calidad, que promueve la ejercitación en grupo como elemento de motivación y en el lugar donde se desee. A partir de un breve sondeo, encontramos que 73% de los encuestados estaría dispuesto a utilizar FitHealth. La rentabilidad del negocio se sustenta en el volumen de conexiones y en el porcentaje que se cobrará al entrenador y al usuario por el uso del servicio. Los resultados financieros demuestran un VAN de S/. 190,622 y un TIR de 27%, con una recuperación de la inversión en el cuarto año, respaldando la factibilidad y viabilidad de la propuesta del negocio. / We live in a world with high levels of stress and responsibilities that affect our health. To be able to face this problem, physical activity has been considered as a preventive strategy that positively influences the health and mood of people. That is why we introduce "FitHealth: Virtual Community to Exercise," a mobile app with geolocation service that connects (in real-time) a network of qualified personal trainers with people who wants to work out in the community. Our business proposal offers access to a personalized trainer at the desired time, quickly, tailored to the user's needs, and where they need it. The benefit of bringing the service to the user takes on a unique value considering the time and stress savings for just avoiding the chaotic transport of the city. There is no other service like ours in today's market. The offer of value relay on a quality personalized service that promotes group exercise as an element of motivation, and at the moment it is solicited. From a brief survey, we found that 73% of respondents would be willing to use FitHealth. The profitability of the business relays on the volume of connections and in the percentage that will be collected to the coach and the user for the service. The financial results demonstrate a VAN of S/. 190,622 and a TIR of 27%, with a recovery of the investment in the fourth year, supporting the feasibility of the business proposal. / Trabajo de investigación

Best Mom es un centro especializado para el entrenamiento físico de las gestantes teniendo en cuenta la fisiología del embarazo y la capacidad funcional del cuerpo en dicho estado, liderado por profesionales de la salud (Obstetra), este servicio fortalecerá y beneficia el proceso de gestación de las gestantes, ya que su atención en prevenir los dolores lumbares, mejora la tensión arterial, reduce las molestias digestivas, ayuda a controlar el peso y ayuda a recuperar la silueta de las gestantes. Nuestro servicio, atiene a las madres gestantes entre 25 y 35 años, con un estilo de vida moderno y sofisticado, desarrollando ejercicios físicos, clases de natacias y yoga, beneficianto el proceso de gestación, este atenderá un nicho de mercado que aún no ha sido atendido. Nuestra porpuesta de valor es el servicio personalizado a las mujeres gestantes, con controles diarios de la mejora que se va generando con los ejercicios que se realizan, lo cual permitirá un mejor embarazo y preparándola para el parto. El equipo es multidisciplinario, conformado por profesionales que se encuentran cursando la carrera de administración de empresa, la carrera de negocios internacionales y la de marketing, por otro lado, estos mismos profesionales aportaren con su experiencia profesional desarrollados en varios sectores, para la ejecución del proyecto. El análisis financiero del proyecto muestra que los resultados son convervadores con una tasa interna de rendimiento de 65.21% para los inversionistas, además los flujos de caja de los próximos años son positivos. / Best Mom is a specialized center for the physical training of pregnant women taking into account the physiology of pregnancy and the functional capacity of the body in said state, led by health professionals (Obstetrician), this service will strengthen and benefit the gestation process of pregnant women, since their attention to preventing low back pain, improves blood pressure, reduces digestive discomfort, helps to control weight and helps to recover the shape of pregnant women. Our service, caters to pregnant mothers between 25 and 35 years old, with a modern and sophisticated lifestyle, developing physical exercises, swimming classes and yoga, benefiting the gestation process, this will serve a market niche that has not yet been attended. Our value proposition is the personalized service to pregnant women, with daily controls of the improvement that is generated with the exercises that are carried out, which will allow a better pregnancy and prepare it for delivery. The team is multidisciplinary, made up of professionals who are studying business administration, international business and marketing, on the other hand, these same professionals will contribute with their professional experience developed in various sectors, for the execution of the draft. The financial analysis of the project shows that the results are converging with an internal rate of return of 65.21% for investors, and also the cash flows in the coming years are positive. / Trabajo de investigación

Objectifs Les études évaluant l’efficacité de l’entraînement physique chez les lombalgiques chroniques observent généralement des tailles d’effet faibles à modérer. Une possibilité est que les essais ont été trop courts pour observer le plein potentiel de l’exercice physique. Nous avons cherché à caractériser la cinétique de la douleur pendant un régime d’exercice multimodal afin d’explorer si les participants pourraient bénéficier de régimes d’exercice plus long. Méthodes Cinquante-sept participants souffrant de lombalgie chronique ont suivi un régime d’exercice multimodal (exercices aérobies et en résistance) ou une période d’attente. Les capacités physiques et fonctionnelles des participants ont été évaluées avant l’intervention et la semaine suivant la complétion du protocole. L’intensité de la douleur dans le bas du dos a été enregistrée au début de chaque séance d’entraînement afin de suivre l’évolution de la douleur pendant le programme d’entraînement. Une modélisation linéaire à effets mixtes a été réalisée pour décrire la cinétique de la douleur. Des analyses de modération ont été effectuées pour vérifier si le sexe, l’intensité de la douleur au début du programme et l’amélioration des capacités physiques pouvaient prédire une plus grande réduction de la douleur. Résultats Les participants du groupe d’entraînement, mais pas ceux du groupe contrôle, se sont améliorés aux tests de capacités physiques. Cependant, les participants du groupe d’entraînement ne semblent pas avoir amélioré leurs capacités fonctionnelles. La douleur a diminué tout au long du programme d’entraînement (terme linéaire : 𝛽 = −14.89, 𝑝 < .001). Cependant, la réduction de la douleur ralentissait à mesure que les participants progressaient dans le programme d’entraînement (𝛽 = −5.48, 𝑝 = .001). La réduction de la douleur était modérée par l’amélioration des capacités physiques et l’intensité de la douleur au début du programme, mais pas par le sexe. Conclusion Il semble que l’efficacité de l’entraînement physique atteigne un effet plancher, empêchant les participants d’atteindre un état sans douleur. Favoriser l’amélioration des capacités physiques semble aussi être une stratégie pour maximiser l’effet du programme d’entraînement. / Objectives Trials investigating the efficacy exercise therapy in low back pain (LBP) patients typically yield small to moderate effect size. One possibility is that trials have been too short to observe the full potential of physical exercise. We sought to characterize the kinetic of pain during a multimodal exercise regimen to explore if participants could benefit from longer exercise regimen. Methods Fifty-seven LBP patients completed a multimodal exercise regimen (aerobic and resistance exercises) or a waiting period. Physical and functional outcomes were measured prior to the intervention and one week after its completion. Pain intensity in the lower back was recorded at the beginning of each training sessions to monitor the evolution of pain during the exercise regimen. Linear mixed-effect modelling was performed to describe the kinetic of pain. Moderation analyses were performed to test whether sex, baseline pain intensity and improvement in physical capacities predicted greater pain reduction. Results Participants in the exercise group, but not the control group, improved in physical and functional outcomes. Pain decreased throughout the exercise regimen (linear trend: 𝛽 = −14.89, 𝑝 < .001). However, pain reduction slowed down as participants progressed in the training program (quadratic trend: 𝛽 = -5.48, 𝑝 = .001). Pain reduction was moderated by improvement in maximal aerobic capacities and baseline pain intensities, but not by sex. Conclusion It appears that the effect of exercise therapy reaches a floor effect, preventing participants from reaching a painless state. Designing physical training program maximizing improvements in physical capacities may be a good strategy to increase the efficacy of exercise therapy.

This series of studies began with an examination of the effects of training status (Tr vs UTr) and sex on the resting levels and redistribution of senescent (CD28-CD57+) and naïve (CD28+CD57-) T-lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+) following a treadmill test to volitional exhaustion. In this first study exercise elicited a redistribution of senescent CD4+, CD8+ and naïve CD4+,CD8+ T-lymphocytes. UTr had a higher proportion of senescent and a lower proportion of naïve CD8+ T-lymphocytes than Tr. Males had a higher proportion of senescent and lower proportion of naïve T-lymphocytes than females with the highest percentage of senescent and lowest percentage of naïve T-lymphocytes observed in UTr males. CMV was a covariate in the senescent and naïve CD8+ T-lymphocytes. This study highlighted important sex and training status differences in the senescent and naïve T-lymphocyte redistribution in response to exercise. These findings led on to an investigation of the T-lymphocyte (CD4+, CD8+, γδ+) response to a period of 2 weeks increased volume training (39% increase in volume) in trained females (Tr, n=13) compared to a period of 2 weeks habitual activity in female controls (UTr, n=13). This second study observed no difference in the resting T-lymphocyte profile from the pre to post increased volume training period. The resting number of CD3+ and proportion of γδ+ T-lymphocytes was greater in the Tr compared to the UTr. The resting proportion of CD4+T-lymphocytes and the CD4+:CD8+ ratio was greater in the UTr compared to the Tr. CMV was a covariate in the analysis of CD8+, CD28+ CD8+, and naïve CD8+ T-lymphocyte cell numbers but not in the analysis of T-lymphocyte proportions. The increased volume training period had no effect on resting T-lymphocyte populations in Tr females, and T-lymphocyte populations also did not change with 2 weeks of habitual exercise in UTr. The total energy, carbohydrate and protein intake was greater in Tr compared to the UTr during the increased volume training period and was greater than normal in the Tr group. These dietary influences may partly explain the absence of any change in T-lymphocyte proportions pre to post training period in Tr. Differences in the proportions of γδ+, CD4+ and the ratio of CD4+:CD8+ T-lymphocytes at rest between the Tr and UTr warrants further investigation. The final study of this series is presented in two parts. The first part focused on the influence of 4 weeks supplementation at 0.1g/kg body mass/day with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as fish oil (FO, n=10), or short-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) as coconut oil (CO, n=10) on T-lymphocyte (CD4+,CD8+, γδ+) differentiated populations at rest and in response to exercise in trained males. Changes were examined by Day (Baseline to pre supplementation, Pre Sup (4 week control period), and pre supplementation to post supplementation, Post Sup (4 week supplementation period)). During a 4 week baseline control period no changes were observed in the blood lipid profile in both FO and CO groups. During the control period a main effect of exercise was observed in all the CD3+ and γδ+ T-lymphocytes subsets. During the control period an interaction of group-by-day was observed in the senescent CD8+ T-lymphocytes from BL to Pre Sup the proportion and number decreased in the FO group and increased in the CO group. Inclusion of CMV as a covariate introduced a main effect of group on the CD4+ naïve proportions and cell counts and the group-by-day interaction observed on the CD8+ senescent T-lymphocyte proportions and cell counts disappeared. During the 4 week supplementation period this study observed an increase in the n-3 PUFAs, EPA (20:5n-3), DHA (22:6n-3) and DPA (22:5n-3) in the FO group but not in the CO group (with no changes in blood lipid profile on CO). During the supplementation period a main effect of exercise was observed in all the CD3+ and γδ+ T-lymphocyte subsets except for the proportion of CD8+ naïve T-lymphocytes. The proportion of CD8+ naïve T-lymphocytes was lower at rest and in response to exercise in FO and CO groups after supplementation. CMV was a significant covariate in senescent CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell counts. At the post exercise time point the γδ+ T-lymphocyte count increased in the FO group but decreased in the CO group, following the supplementation period. However, this observation did not quite reach statistical significance. Although a difference between the groups was evident for γδ+ T-lymphocyte count and proportion there was insufficient evidence to conclude whether the difference was supplement related. It would appear that dose, duration and type of fatty acids ingested could all be important in the overall response but these require further study. The second part of this final study investigated the influence of 4 week supplementation at 0.1g/kg body mass/day with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as fish oil (FO, n=10) or short-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) as coconut oil (CO, n=10) on plasma Th1 cytokine: IL-2, TNF- α and IFN-γ, and Th2 cytokine IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations, and expression of the T-lymphocyte activation marker CD69 at rest and in response to exercise in trained males. Changes were examined by Day (Baseline to pre supplementation (4 week control period), and pre supplementation to post supplementation (4 week supplementation period)). This study observed an increase in n-3 PUFAs, EPA (20:5n-3), DHA (22:6n-3) and DPA (22:5n-3) in the FO group but not in the CO group. There was a significant mobilisation of activated CD4+ CD69+ and CD8+ CD69+ (P<0.05) T-lymphocyte numbers in response to exercise in both FO and CO groups. CMV infection was a significant covariate on the number and proportion of CD4+CD69+ T-lymphocytes (P<0.05) but not on the number or proportion of CD8+CD69+ T-lymphocytes. During the supplementation period there was a significant effect of Day on TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-2 with IFN-γ and IL-10 trending towards a difference. The plasma cytokine concentration was greater at post supplementation compared to pre supplementation for both FO and CO groups. Latent CMV infection was a significant covariate for TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-10. In the current study we observed no evidence of a difference between the CO and FO groups for early T-lymphocyte activation marker or plasma cytokine concentrations despite the membrane lipid composition change over the 4 week supplementation period. It would appear that the plasma Th1 and Th2 cytokine concentration increased from pre supplementation to post supplementation on both PUFA and SFA, highlighting a potential link between fatty acid incorporation and cytokine expression that needs closer examination. The results of this series of studies highlight that sex and training status impact upon the T-lymphocyte pool at rest and in response to exercise. Increasing the volume of training for 2 weeks without dietary restriction does not alter the resting T-lymphocyte pool in trained females. Alterations to the T-lymphocyte pool at rest and in response to exercise are not related to FO or CO supplementation. Furthermore, the response of Th1, Th2 plasma cytokines, and the early activation marker CD69 at rest and in response to exercise does not differ between a group supplemented with FO compared to a group supplemented with CO it would appear that Th1 and Th2 plasma cytokines increase post supplementation in both groups. Particular avenues of interest for future research would be, to explore the sex differences in T-lymphocyte subsets at rest and in response to exercise, to determine whether these sex differences are key in susceptibility to disease/infection and to determine the tissue targets of lymphocytes mobilised during exercise.

The thesis dealt with the basic elements of gymnastics in nursery schools in relation to education teachers. The aim of the study was to determine whether education kindergarten teachers in physical education, acquired at secondary pedagogical schools and faculties, is sufficient for quality management of physical activities and specifically gymnastic activities in nursery schools. The paper used two research methods: analysis of educational programs teaching schools from internet sources and interview teachers of kindergartens. The research was divided into three thematic areas. In the first part was analyzed curricula for secondary school teachers and teaching faculties devoted to physical education, has been found to the current state of education in this area. The second was investigated by questionnaire method glance graduates on their education in physical education. Emphasis was placed on their particular experience and personal opinion. The third area is also through the questionnaire dealt with the application of acquired knowledge and skills of teachers in practice. By analyzing the data the third lap was detected level of sports activities in the field of gymnastics to children in kindergartens.

O hipoestrogenismo, decorrente da fase pós-menopausa, determina uma série de alterações físicas, psicológicas e metabólicas na mulher, com piora significativa em sua qualidade de vida. No entanto, são os efeitos da deficiência estrogênica a longo prazo que mais preocupam, pois podem levar a comprometimentos importantes, como as doenças cardiovasculares. Desta maneira, a terapia hormonal (TH) e o treinamento físico têm surgido como esquemas terapêuticos úteis para o controle das alterações presentes na pós-menopausa. Objetivos: o presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a modulação autonômica da freqüência cardíaca (FC) e a capacidade aeróbia de mulheres pós-menopausa em uso ou não de TH, antes e após um programa de treinamento físico (PTF). Casuística e Métodos: foram estudadas 18 mulheres sedentárias, divididas em 2 grupos, sendo: Grupo controle - 10 mulheres na pós-menopausa (50 a 60 anos) sem TH; Grupo TH - 8 mulheres na pós-menopausa (50 a 60 anos) com TH (valerato de estradiol + levonorgestrel). Ambos os grupos foram avaliados em dois momentos distintos: antes (avaliação) e após (reavaliação) um PTF de 3 meses de duração. Tanto na avaliação, como na reavaliação, as voluntárias foram submetidas a dois protocolos experimentais: protocolo 1 - para avaliação da modulação autonômica da FC, esta foi coletada em condições de repouso, nas posições supina e sentada, durante 15 minutos em cada posição; protocolo 2 - para avaliação da capacidade aeróbia, as voluntárias foram submetidas a um teste cardiopulmonar com protocolo incremental. Os índices avaliados no protocolo 1 foram: média da FC e dos intervalos R-R (iR-R), índice RMSSD dos iR-R, bandas de baixa (BF) e alta (AF) freqüência da análise espectral, em unidades normalizadas, e razão BF/AF. No protocolo 2 foram comparados os valores de potência, consumo de oxigênio (VO2) e FC no limiar de anaerobiose (LA) e no pico do exercício. Para comparação entre os grupos estudados, foi utilizado o teste t de student não-pareado; para a comparação intra-grupo entre as condições de avaliação e reavaliação, o teste estatístico utilizado foi o t de student pareado. Nível de significância estabelecido em 5%. Resultados: em relação ao protocolo 1, não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas tanto na comparação entre os grupos como na comparação entre as fases de avaliação e reavaliação, para os dois grupos estudados, em nenhum dos índices avaliados. Na análise dos resultados do protocolo 2, foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p<0,05) entre a condição de avaliação para a condição de reavaliação dos parâmetros potência e VO2 no LA e no pico do exercício, para os dois grupos estudados. O grupo TH apresentou valores estatisticamente (p<0,05) superiores do VO2 na fase de reavaliação, quando comparado ao grupo controle. Ainda para o grupo controle, a FC no pico do exercício da reavaliação foi estatisticamente (p<0,05) superior à da avaliação. Conclusões: o programa de treinamento físico realizado na intensidade do LA durante 3 meses promoveu ganhos aeróbios significativos, embora não tenha alterado a modulação autonômica da freqüência cardíaca de mulheres menopausadas sem e em uso de terapia hormonal; tais ganhos parecem ser decorrentes principalmente de adaptações periféricas musculares. A terapia hormonal não teve influência importante sobre a variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca e teve apenas efeito discreto sobre a capacidade aeróbia na reavaliação; esse efeito se deve possivelmente à reserva de vasodilatação presente em mulheres usuárias de reposição estrogênica, que se evidencia apenas em altas intensidades de exercício. / Low levels of estrogen observed at menopause determine many physical, psychological and metabolic changes in women, resulting in a lower quality of life. However, long-term effects of estrogen deficit that could possibly lead to serious diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, are the problems that concern us the most. Within this context, hormone therapy (HT) and physical training are frequently used as useful therapeutic regimens for controlling postmenopausal alterations. Objectives: this study aimed to evaluate the autonomic modulation of heart rate (HR) and the aerobic capacity of postmenopausal women using and not using HT, prior and after a physical training program (PTP). Methods: 18 sedentary women were divided in two groups, as follows: Control Group - 10 postmenopausal women (50 to 60 years) without HT; HT Group - 8 postmenopausal women (50 to 60 years) receiving HT (estradiol plus levonorgestrel). Both groups were evaluated at two distinct moments: prior to (evaluation) and after (re-evaluation) a PTP lasting 3 months. Subjects were submitted to two experimental protocols at both moments: protocol 1 - HR was recorded in a resting condition, in supine and sitting positions, during 15 minutes in each position, for the evaluation of autonomic modulation of HR; protocol 2 - subjects were submitted to a cardiopulmonary test with incremental protocol for the evaluation of aerobic capacity. Autonomic indexes used for protocol 1: mean HR and mean R-R intervals (R-Ri), rMSSD of R-Ri index, low (LF) and high (HF) frequency bands of spectral analysis, in normalized units, and the LF/HF ratio. Aerobic capacity indexes used for protocol 2: workload, oxygen uptake (VO2) and HR values obtained at anaerobic threshold (AT) and at exercise peak. Unpaired Student\'s t-test was used for groups\' comparisons; for comparing evaluation and re-evaluation conditions within groups, paired Student\'s t-test was applied. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: in relation to protocol 1, no statistically significant differences were found in the comparisons between groups and between evaluation and re-evaluation phases within groups, for any of the autonomic indexes. Protocol 2 analysis showed significant differences (p<0.05) between evaluation and re-evaluation phases for workload and VO2 values at AT and at exercise peak, for both groups. HT group presented significant (p<0.05) higher values of VO2 than control group, in the re-evaluation phase. The levels of HR at exercise peak for control group were statistically (p<0.05) higher than evaluation phase\'s. Conclusions: the 3-month anaerobic threshold-intensity physical training program significantly improved aerobic capacity although not changed the autonomic modulation of heart rate of postmenopausal women using and not using hormone therapy; the nature of this improvement seems to be related to muscle peripheral adaptations. Hormone therapy had not important influence on heart rate variability and a low-magnitude effect on aerobic capacity at re-evaluation test; this effect is possibly related to a vasodilatory reserve presented by HT women that becomes apparent only at high intensity levels of exercise.