Detta projekt har genomförts under våren 2020 som ett examensarbete för högskoleingenjörsprogrammet i innovationsteknik och design vid Karlstads universitet. Examensarbetet gjordes i samarbete med ett högteknologiskt företag som är verksamt i hela världen. Syftet med arbetet var att hitta lämpliga metoder och verktyg, anpassade efter företaget, för att kunna föreslå förbättringar för att minska ledtiderna i stadie prototyp. För det genomfördes flertalet intervjuer med berörda parter på företaget, data samlades in och en omfattande litteraturstudie utfördes. Litteraturstudien låg till grund för det fortsatta arbetet och innefattade verktyg och metoder inom förbättringsprogrammen Lean och Sex Sigma. Arbetet resulterade i åtta identifierade problemområden. Dessa kan sammanfattas i tre områden som kräver fortsatt arbete av företaget. Dels krävs bättre data med högre kvalitet och mer detaljerad information, dels bör en förbättringsgrupp tillsättas där personalen är delaktig i förbättringsarbetet för flödet och underleverantörerna bör ses över. Antingen genom att ha särskilda leverantörer för prototypmateriel eller genom att återigen starta en egen prototypverkstad. / This project was implemented during the spring of 2020 as a bachelor thesis for the Bachelor Engineering Program in Innovation Technology and Design at Karlstad University. The bachelor thesis was made in collaboration with a high-tech company operating worldwide. The purpose of the project was to find suitable methods and tools, adapted to the company, in order to be able to purpose improvements to reduce the lead times in the prototype flow. To be able to fulfil the purpose, multiple interviews were conducted, data was collected, and a comprehensive literature study was made. The literature study included tools and methods within the improvement programs Lean and Six Sigma. The work resulted in eight identified problem areas. These can be summarized in three areas that requires continued word by the company. The first requires data with a higher quality and more detailed information, the second is that the company should include the coworkers in the improvement work and the subcontractors should be reviewed. Either the company should have special suppliers for prototype equipment or restarting their own prototype manufactory.

The overall aim of this study is to analyse the cultural representation in fictional texts in three English as a Foreign Language (EFL) coursebooks written for the English 5 course in Swedish upper secondary school. The three coursebooks are Blueprint A 3.0, Pick & Mix 1, and Solid Gold 1. The study was conducted in order to compare and discuss the portrayal and representation of cultures of the English-speaking world. The method used consists of a combination of the two-stage model constructed by McDonough et al. (2013) and a qualitative content analysis. The three coursebooks were analysed through the theoretical framework of postcolonial theory. The results show that American culture is represented to a higher extent than any other culture in the included fictional works. Because of the discrepancy in representation, American culture was portrayed through various societal issues, living conditions, and cultural features. However, many other cultures of the English-speaking world were barely represented at all. Furthermore, the results show that cultures such as Indian or Irish are not included in all the coursebooks. The lack of fictional texts representing cultures of Africa included in the coursebooks further shows the discrepancy and specific focus on certain parts of the English-speaking world. Solid Gold 1 was the only one of the three coursebooks which included fictional texts discussing all cultures highlighted. Although there is a notable difference in the representation of cultures, and the number of times certain cultures are mentioned, the analysis shows that the coursebooks create many opportunities, through fictional texts, for students to learn about societal issues, cultural features, and living conditions in parts of the world where English is used, meeting the requirements of the Swedish curriculum.

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Printed circuit boards used in most ordinary electrical devices are usually equipped through an assembly line. Pick and place machines as part of those lines require accurate detection of incorrectly picked components, and this is commonly performed via image analysis. The goal of this project is to investigate if we can achieve state-of-the-art performance in an industrial quality assurance task through the application of artificial neural networks. Experiments regarding different network architectures and data modifications are conducted to achieve precise image classification. Although the classification rates do not surpass or equal the rates of the existing vision-based detection system, there remains great potential in the deployment of a machine-learning-based algorithm into pick and place machines. / Tryckta kretskort som används i de flesta vanliga elektroniska produkter är vanligtvis monterade i monteringslinjer. Ytmonteringsmaskinerna i dessa monteringslinjer kräver exakt detektering av felaktigt plockade komponenter, vilket ofta genomförs med hjälp av bildanalys. Målet med detta projekt är att undersöka om vi kan uppnå framstående resultat i en industriell kvalitetssäkringsuppgift genom användandet av artificiella neuronnätverk. Experiment utförs med olika nätverksarkitekturer och datamodifikationer för att uppnå exakt bildklassificering.  Även om klassificeringsgraderna inte uppnår klassificeringsgraderna hos existerande synbaserade detekteringssystem, finns en stor potential för användandet av maskininlärningsbaserade algoritmer i ytmonteringsmaskiner.

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The aim of this essay has been to investigate the use and traditios of double weaves during the old Vasa period in Sweden, the so called Ryssväv (Russian Weave). Questions focused are: what was the magnitude of the double weaves produced in Sweden, was there a considerable import from Finland, how were the double weaves used, did it differ between bigger and smaller royal estates, was the building type of importance for the furnishing? Ryssväv has been categorized both as an "everyday article", and as art weave, but what was its status, and what status did the craftsmen have compared to other craftsmen? The preserved double weaves from the late medieval period in Sweden-Finland has served as a direct source for my examination and as such the theory and method of my work has been Material culture. Most likely the double weaves of the Vasa period were similar, in both quality and esthetics. My primary sources have been fatbursräkenskaper (household accounts) from two royal estates, Rävsnäs and Gripsholm. In these accounts I have tried to find documentation telling something about the use ad status of ryssväv, and about the craftsmen who made them. The examination demonstrates that the use and production differed between Gripsholm and Rävsnäs; it is likely that this has to do with the building type, stone or wood. About the status of the craftsmen, one example is that of a female weaver recieving more money, for her ryssväv, than a male painter, for his paintings in the king's chamber. What has been claimed by some scientists, that most of the double weaves from the Vasa period, were imported from Finland, can be incorrect, according to my investigation. This hypothesis is left for future research to investigate.

In this dissertation, we solve multivariable Nevanlinna-Pick type interpolation problems. Particularly, we consider the left tangential interpolation problems on the commutative or noncommutative unit ball. For the commutative setting, we discuss left-tangential operator-argument interpolation problems for Schur-class multipliers on the Drury-Arveson space and for the noncommutative setting, we discuss interpolation problems for Schur-class multipliers on Fock space. We apply the Krein-space geometry approach (also known as the Grassmannian Approach). To implement this approach J-versions of Beurling-Lax representers for shift-invariant subspaces are required. Here we obtain these J-Beurling-Lax theorems by the state-space method for both settings. We see that the Krein-space geometry method is particularly simple in solving the interpolation problems when the Beurling-Lax representer is bounded. The Potapov approach applies equally well whether the representer is bounded or not. / Ph. D.

Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2015-2016 / Les systèmes de Schwarz-Pick sont de puissants outils qui permettent d'enrichir l'étude de la géométrie des domaines de l'espace à plusieurs variables complexes. Plus particulièrement, les pseudodistances de Carathéodory et de Kobayashi forment respectivement le plus grand et le plus petit système. L'objet de cet ouvrage consiste à regrouper et synthétiser les recherches autour du calcul de ces pseudodistances sur le bidisque symétrisé. Il s'agit d'un domaine de l'espace à deux variables complexes qui possède une géométrie riche et qui joue un rôle clé dans la résolution du problème de Nevanlinna-Pick spectral. Sur le bidisque symétrisé, il est possible de calculer explicitement la pseudodistance de Carathéodory par le biais de la théorie des opérateurs. Le calcul de la pseudodistance de Kobayashi, se fera elle à travers un problème d'interpolation du disque unité avec des valeurs cibles dans le bidisque symétrisé, résolu à l'aide du théorème de Nevanlinna-Pick classique.

Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2007-2008. / Le but de cet ouvrage est de montrer, grâce à l'introduction d'éléments de théorie; géométrique, comment il est possible d'apporter de nouvelles idées à, la résolution d'un problème: d'interpolation connu sous le nom de problème, classique de Nevanlinna Pick et qui s'énonce comme suit : étant donné n points distincts z^,. . . , zn et n points W\,...,wn tous appartenant au disque unité D, déterminer des conditions suffisantes et nécessaires assurant l'existence d'une fonction analytique / : D —> D satisfaisant /(z,) = m, pour /' = 1, . . . , n. Une solution complète fut apportée d'abord par Pick en 1916 et indépendamment par Nevanlinna en 1919. Une toute nouvelle approche sera donc présentée dans ce travail utilisant la géométrie hyperbolique, de même qu'une version à points multiples du lemine de Schwarz-Pick.

Soit P(z):=\sum_{\nu=0}^na_\nu z^{\nu}$ un polynôme de degré n et M:=\sup_{|z|=1}|P(z)|.$ Sans aucne restriction suplémentaire, on sait que $|P'(z)|\leq Mn$ pour $|z|\leq 1$ (inégalité de Bernstein). Si nous supposons maintenant que les zéros du polynôme $P$ sont à l'extérieur du cercle $|z|=k,$ quelle amélioration peut-on apporter à l'inégalité de Bernstein? Il est déjà connu [{\bf \ref{Mal1}}] que dans le cas où $k\geq 1$ on a $$(*) \qquad |P'(z)|\leq \frac{n}{1+k}M \qquad (|z|\leq 1),$$ qu'en est-il pour le cas où $k < 1$? Quelle est l'inégalité analogue à $(*)$ pour une fonction entière de type exponentiel $\tau ?$ D'autre part, si on suppose que $P$ a tous ses zéros dans $|z|\geq k \, \, (k\geq 1),$ quelle est l'estimation de $|P'(z)|$ sur le cercle unité, en terme des quatre premiers termes de son développement en série entière autour de l'origine. Cette thèse constitue une contribution à la théorie analytique des polynômes à la lumière de ces questions. / Let P(z):=\sum_{\nu=0}^na_\nu z^{\nu}$ a polynomial of degree n and M:=\sup_{|z|=1}|P(z)|$. Without any additional restriction, we know that $|P '(z) | \leq Mn$ for $| z | \leq 1$ (Bernstein's inequality). Now if we assume that the zeros of the polynomial $P$ are outside the circle $| z | = k$, which improvement could be made to the Bernstein inequality? It is already known [{\bf \ref{Mal1}}] that in the case where $k \geq 1$, one has$$ (*) \qquad | P '(z) | \leq \frac{n}{1 + k} M \qquad (| z | \leq 1),$$ what would it be in the case where $k < 1$? What is the analogous inequality for an entire function of exponential type $\tau$? On the other hand, if we assume that $P$ has all its zeros in $| z | \geq k \, \, (k \geq 1),$ which is the estimate of $| P '(z) |$ on the unit circle, in terms of the first four terms of its Maclaurin series expansion. This thesis comprises a contribution to the analytic theory of polynomials in the light of these problems.