The diploma thesis "Body art - the functional and symbolic meanings of tatoo and piercing" focuses on body modifications that are used as body art and which have become fashionable as a cultural and social phenomenon in the contemporary society. First part of the thesis introduces a basic theoretical framework and sets the subject into the context, which the author presents in such a way that even a laic can benefit from the paper. Theoretical part defines the terms and introduces first archeological findings connected with this cultural phenomenon. Further on the paper introduces examples of body art from selected traditional cultures and describes the way, which this phenomenon undertook to the contemporary western society. At the end of the theoretical part categories of functional and symbolic meaning, which the body art can acquire, are introduced. Second part presents qualitative research that focuses on functional and symbolic meanings, that the body art in contemporary society acquires. Statements of twenty-two people who talk about their body art can be found here. At the end of the paper you will find out which functional and symbolic meanings of body art are the same among the contemporary society and the primitve one, how do they differ or which functional and symbolic meanings have vanised...

This thesis presents a comprehensive investigation into the feasibility and optimization of self-piercing riveting (SPR) for joining high-ductility die-cast aluminum alloy Nemalloy HE700 in F temper (as-cast) condition to dissimilar sheet materials, namely wrought aluminum alloy 6082-T6 and dual-phase steel DP600. The study demonstrates successful SPR joining of HE700 to these materials, with optimized process parameters and joint quality meeting automotive industry standards. Systematic experimental studies were conducted to investigate the effects of key SPR process parameters, including die geometry, ring groove depth, rivet hardness, and length, on joint quality and performance. Microstructural characterization revealed distinct patterns of grain flow and localized hardening in HE700 around the rivet and die features, providing insights into its deformation characteristics. Finite element simulations, incorporating advanced material models such as Johnson-Cook plasticity and failure for AA6082 and DP600, and Voce hardening with Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman void damage model for HE700, were developed and extensively validated against experimental results. The simulations accurately predicted potential failure sites in HE700, aligning with experimental observations of crack initiation. Numerical parametric studies demonstrated the intricate effects of process parameters and material properties on the stress and strain distributions, material flow, and damage accumulation during SPR. The research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on advanced joining techniques for dissimilar materials, supporting vehicle lightweighting efforts. It establishes a comprehensive methodology integrating experiments, microstructural characterization, and simulations for studying and optimizing SPR processes for low ductility casting alloys, serving as a blueprint for future research and industrial implementation. The findings demonstrate the viability and potential of SPR technology for integrating high-ductility die-cast aluminum alloy HE700 into lightweight automotive body structures, paving the way for its wider industrial adoption. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc) / This research explores the potential of using a novel high-ductility aluminum alloy, Nemalloy HE700, in self-piercing riveting (SPR) - a modern joining technique for automotive manufacturing. The study aims to optimize the SPR process for joining HE700 to other commonly used automotive materials, such as aluminum alloys and high-strength steels, without compromising joint quality. By conducting practical experiments and computer simulations, the research identifies the best process parameters, such as rivet design and die shape, that result in strong, reliable joints meeting automotive industry standards. The findings demonstrate the successful use of HE700 in SPR, offering a promising solution for creating lighter, more fuel-efficient vehicles. This work contributes to the development of advanced joining technologies for sustainable transportation, making vehicles more environmentally friendly while maintaining high performance and safety standards.

A surface piercing propeller (SPP) is a propeller that is partially submerged in water and is considered a possible solution to high-speed vessels (greater than 50 knots) where cavitation plays a vital role due to its ever-increasing detrimental effects. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become a more prevalent solution in recent years due to lower costs and the ability to evaluate varying setups. However, Computational Fluid Dynamics has had problems accurately solving the hydrodynamic loads for an SPP as recently as a few years ago. Accurately predicting these loads is of great importance because it will allow future simulations to add more effects such as cavitation, shaft inclination effects, multiple propellers, and fluid-structure interaction. Using FINE/Marine, a CFD software specifically designed for marine applications simulations with the 841-B SPP model and changing the Froude number (Fn) and advance coefficient (J), an in-depth validation process and extending upon previous results found when combining CFD and surface-piercing propellers was performed. Several cases between J = 0.6 to J = 1 and Fn = 2 to Fn = 6 are first performed to validate the models against experiments, then more complex features such as multiple propellers and shaft inclination angles were included to extend upon previous work of CFD for surface-piercing propellers. This analysis of the results suggests that CFD models could genuinely be validated against current experimental setups, and therefore more complex additions could also be made and with stronger accuracy than in previous years. / Master of Science / Using computers one can analyze the torque and thrust values of surface-piercing propellers(propeller that is only partially submerged) using commercially available software. This software takes inputs such as the speed of the water and the design of the propeller to evaluate the torque and thrust. A surface-piercing propeller operates in what is known as regimes. There are three of these and they are defined by a number known as the advance coefficient which is defined as the ratio of the boat's speed to the propeller speed. The higher this number the higher the boat speed is and the lower the number is the lower the boat speed. Testing the torque and thrust values accurately has not yet been performed using computers and would be of great value to companies and the government because it lowers the cost and time to create and test different propeller designs for their ships. In this thesis, these tests were performed and done so within a 5% accuracy in all experimental testing on this propeller model. Multiple propellers at once were tested as well as moving the shaft farther out of the water was tested to see how this would affect the overall performance. The results were promising in both of the situations listed, but more testing could be performed as well as adding more features such as cavitation and interaction with the hull.

Cette recherche propose une réflexion sur la pertinence d’un « art –action » actuel, à partir d’une analyse d’actes pour l’art, caractérisés comme « hors limites », à travers une utilisation de la présence physique comme essence et support de l’art plastique, entreprise dès les années 1920 par Marcel Duchamp, et déclinée durant tout le vingtième siècle avec des mouvements artistiques tels Dada, le Happening, l’Actionnisme Viennois, ou l’Art Corporel.Nous étudions ici, aidés d’artistes performers choisis autour de quelques pratiques singulières de Albrecht Becker, Ron Athey et Lukas Zpira, les possibles limites d’actes artistiques, mettant en scène de façon extrême, à travers des performances jugées choquantes, agressives, incluant piercings, tatouages, osant parfois un art du malaise, se jouant des conventions, des tabous et des codes sociaux et culturels en place. Ainsi nous voyons s’il y a lieu, aujourd’hui, de parler encore d’actes artistiques politiques, militants, après l’âge d’or des années soixante-dix, parmi des nouvelles esthétiques du corps humain, celui-ci successivement « héros, sujet, matériau, objet, victime, écran » de cet art-action transgressif. Notre volonté est de saisir l’ambiguïté contenue dans la représentation, et toute la symbolique donnée à voir, par rapport à une première intention qui est une certaine déstructuration à la fois thématique et formelle dans les arts plastiques. La discussion est donc engagée sur l’authenticité et la pérennité de ces pratiques artistiques extrémistes, transgressives, manipulant le concept d’identité ou même la génétique, discussion aussi sur leur statut avant-gardiste dans l’histoire de « l’art pour l’art », concept porté par la modernité.Ce « hacking » du corps nous amène-t-il-alors vers un devenir post-humain virtuel, une seule existence dans les univers numériques ? Le corps est-il en perdition ou, paradoxalement l’ultime recours, sauvé par ces modifications douloureuses et radicales ? / This research proposes a reflection on the relevance of a "art -action" current, based on an analysis of the acts for the art, characterized as "off limits", through a use of the physical presence, such as origin and support of the visual art, begun in the 1920s by Marcel Duchamp, and declined throughout the twentieth century with artistic groups as Dada, the Happening, the Viennese Actionnism, or the Body Art.We study here, through artists performers selected around the singular practices of Albrecht Becker, Ron Athey and Lukas Zpira, the possible limits of artistic acts, staging in extreme way, through performances considered shocking, aggressive, including piercings, tattoos, daring an art of faintness sometimes, being played of conventions, the taboos and the social-cultural codes in place. Thus we see whether it is necessary, today, to still speak about artistic acts political, militant, after the golden age of the Seventies, through a choice among many new esthetics of the human body, successively “hero, subject, material, object, victim, screen” of this transgressive acting-art. Our will is to understand the ambiguity contained in the representation, and all the shown symbolic system, compared to a first intention which is disintegration both thematic and formal in the plastic arts. The discussion is thus about the authenticity and the survival of these artistic extremists and transgressive practices, treating the concept of identity or even the genetics, the discussion being also about their avant-gardist position in the history of “the art for art” brought by the modernity, position to be reconsidered in a society called post-modern.Do this “body- hacking” bring us then towards a future virtual human being, a single existence in the digital universes? Is the body lost or, paradoxically the ultimate recourse, saved by these painful and radical modifications?

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This thesis argues that the twin concept of separate personality and limited liability from its historical beginnings, has entrenched corporate irresponsibility. It assesses the role that these concepts have played in tackling corporate irresponsibility from their historical origins to the present day, commenting on the lessons learnt. Whilst the institution of the company as a legal person is unquestionably the bedrock of modern company law,1 this thesis examines these concepts not necessarily from the position of disputing the philosophical, economic, or political imperatives, all of which are incredibly important – but from the viewpoint that historically, the principle of separate personality and limited liability entrenches corporate irresponsibility. As such, this thesis suggests a partial abandonment of the separate personality principle because it provides a mechanism for dishonest directors to escape liability for their fraudulent conduct. It also argues that the existing judicial evasion and concealment2 principles and the statutory fraudulent and wrongful trading provisions under the Insolvency Act 19863 are too restrictive, and ambiguous in combating corporate abuse. It is concluded that the existing common law and statutory rules geared towards combating abuse of limited liability provides no coherent format upon which the courts and legislature may effectively curb abuse of the corporate form. As such, these laws in light of their inability to make dishonest directors personally liable for their fraudulent conducts ought to be challenged. There is a need to challenge the existing rules in order to show the effect abuse of limited liability has on creditors, the public and the economy. This research indicates that there ought to be an adequate and effective alternative law which provides balance and support for genuine enterprise whilst providing a robust system whereby those who abuse the corporate form can be easily made liable for corporate debts.

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This thesis examines the flow around bluff bodies placed at the floodplain edge in a compound, open channel. The floodplain edge location is associated with a strong shear layer between lower velocity floodplain flow and high velocity flow in the main channel. The drag force exerted by a bluff body is dependant on the way in which the flow separates around the body and subsequently recovers but the drag coefficients typically used to represent the effects of bluff bodies are based on experiments on bodies in geometrically simple channels. The differences induced in the wake structures and therefore in the drag coefficients of bluff bodies when they are placed in the shear layer at the floodplain edge are little understood. In this study, experimental data is gathered that allows direct comparison of the wakes of identical bluff bodies, both emergent (surface-piercing) and submerged, in simple and compound open channels. For the compound channel scenarios, for both single and multiple block arrangements, turbulence data is also reported. These results are augmented using a computational model based on the solution of the 3D Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations, using a non-linear turbulence model. The results show that the changes induced in the wake structures due to their location at the floodplain edge of the compound channel can have a significant effect on the drag coefficient. For the emergent bodies, the proximity of the deep main channel flow is shown to impact in a complex manner upon the processes of reattachment and re-separation, changing the formation of vorticity in the wake. For the submerged bodies, this is complicated by asymmetry in the same processes on the block top. For both body types, separation on the main channel side results in the creation of a strong axial circulation at the floodplain edge and the decay of the wake is asymmetrically affected by the differing behaviour of the turbulence on the two sides.

The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the companies in the field of the international private law. After the introduction and general remarks on the topic it proceeds to the recognition of foreign companies in the law of the Czech Republic. Subsequently, personal statute of such companies and its determination is discussed. Next the first part of the thesis focuses on the conditions under which foreign companies can run their business in the Czech Republic. Lastly, the possibility of cross-boarder movement of the companies' seats into and out of the Czech Republic is analysed. The first part of this work takes into the consideration not only the Czech law but also the law of European Union and the relevant case law of the European Court of Justice. The second part of this work deals with doctrine called piercing the corporate veil, which was established in the common law area. It analyses grounds leading to the posibility of aplication of this doctrine in common law area and in German law. The work examines cases of single companies as well as of companies being part of a group of companies. After the analysis of grounds leading to the posibility of use of the piercing the corporate veil follows their generalisation and synthesis. The conclusion of the work is dedicated to...

Dissertação voltada ao estudo das sanções administrativas previstas na Lei Federal 8.666/1993 (Lei de Licitações). Apresenta quadro panorâmico das licitações e contratações públicas no Direito Administrativo Brasileiro. Trata do regime jurídico do exercício da atividade sancionatória pela Administração Pública, com destaque para os princípios regentes da matéria. Examina as discussões teóricas, doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais relativas à aplicabilidade das sanções administrativas previstas nos artigos 86 a 88 da Lei de Licitações, como a multa, a advertência, a suspensão temporária de participação em licitação, o impedimento de contratar com a Administração e a declaração de inidoneidade, aí incluindo a competência para imposição de sanções, os sujeitos passivos das penalidades aplicáveis, além das nuances de cada uma delas. Destaca a controvérsia estabelecida acerca das distinções e abrangência dos efeitos das penas de suspensão temporária, impedimento de contratar e declaração de inidoneidade. Estuda a possibilidade de a Administração Pública fazer uso da Teoria da Desconsideração da Personalidade Jurídica, inicialmente em um cenário de ausência de autorização legislativa, como forma de incremento da efetividade daquelas sanções, quando constatado o abuso de direito dos particulares ao constituírem novas sociedades, com o intuito de burlá-las. Examina a Lei Federal 12.846/2013, que trata da responsabilização de pessoas jurídicas pela prática de atos contra a Administração Pública, e suas consequências na seara das licitações e contratações administrativas. / Dissertation focused on the study of administrative sanctions under Federal Law no. 8.666/1993 (public bidding Law). It presents an overview of public bidding and public hiring under Brazilian administrative law. It presents the legal regime of the sanctioning activity exercised by public authorities, especially the matter governing principles. It examines the theoretical, doctrinal and jurisprudential discussion concerning the applicability of administrative sanctions established by Articles 86 to 88 of the Public Bidding Law, such as fines, warnings, temporary suspension from participating in public biddings, the impediment to contract with the government and the unfitness declaration, including the power to impose sanctions, the subjects liable of applicable penalties, and the nuances of each one of these penalties. It highlights the controversy about the distinctions and comprehensiveness of the effects related to the temporary suspension, avoidance of contract and declaration of unfitness. It analyses the possibility of public administration adopt the theory of piercing of the corporate veil, initially in a scenario of absence of legislative authorization, as a way of increasing the effectiveness of those sanctions when found abuse of the right of individuals which constitute new associations in order to chouse them. It examines the Federal Law No. 12.846/2013, which deals with the liability of legal entities for the commission of acts against the government and its consequences on the public bids and administrative hires area. Keywords: administrative penalties, sanctions under administrative law, principle of typicality, extension effects of penalties, piercing of the corporate veil.