Essa dissertação está fundamentada em experiência de atuação no mercado da moda e em elementos históricos sobre a indústria têxtil e de confecção, nas duas últimas décadas do século XX e nas primeiras décadas do século XXI. Ela pretende contextualizar a questão do design de moda neste tempo globalizado sob o ponto de vista do olhar interdisciplinar de uma engenheira têxtil e designer de moda. Questiona-se aqui o dilema vivido pelos jovens designers, seus pares dentro das organizações em que atuam e alguns pontos da realidade da prática do design dentro das empresas de vestuário no Brasil. Nesse contexto, se discute a importância de redefinir o processo de desenvolvimento das coleções, o papel do designer de moda e de viabilizar o diálogo entre os diferentes sujeitos do processo de criação, durante o ciclo de vida de desenvolvimento do produto, a partir da sua conceituação a sua execução. Por fim, o estudo apresenta uma proposta de design integrado e interdisciplinar para a indústria da moda por meio de plataformas colaborativas, utilizando como referencial as teorias de design centrado no usuário e a participação em projetos de transformação por meio de Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) em empresas de confecção no Brasil / This study is based in the actual experience of the author in the fashion market and refers to historical elements of the Brazilian Textile and Clothing industry. The impact of the globalized moment on the intricated context of Brazils contemporary fashion is approached in an exploratory manner through the point of view of a textile engineer and fashion designer. The dilemma faced by young designers when practicing design and their relationships with peers is discussed with the aim of introducing best practices inside the Apparel Industry of Brazil. It is relevant to discuss the role of the fashion designer as well as to investigate the product development processes in the Brazilian companies to stimulate dialogues between the different actors involved in the product development cycle, from concept to execution. The study proposes an integrated and interdisciplinary method of user centered design by means of collaborative platforms of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) in Change Management Projects for Brazilian Apparel Industries

A gestão do ciclo de vida de produtos (Product Lifecycle Management) é uma abordagem para a gestão integrada dos processos de negócio e das informações relacionadas aos produtos. Tal abordagem requer a utilização de sistemas de informação (Sistemas PLM) para apoiar a colaboração na empresa estendida, ao longo de todo o ciclo de vida. O problema prático que motiva a realização deste trabalho é a dificuldade enfrentada pelas empresas, atualmente, em avaliar os sistemas PLM existentes no mercado e em selecionar a alternativa mais adequada aos seus processos de negócio. A análise da situação atual da pesquisa na área indica que faltam métodos e instrumentos para apoiar a seleção de sistemas PLM. Visando preencher essa lacuna e propor uma solução para o problema identificado, o trabalho tem como objetivos definir um modelo de referência de sistemas PLM, que represente de forma genérica as funcionalidades que caracterizam esse tipo de sistema, e desenvolver um método para a seleção de sistemas PLM baseado em modelos de referência. A fim de atingir esses objetivos, são gerados quatro resultados principais. O primeiro resultado do trabalho é o framework conceitual de elementos do PLM, que organiza o conhecimento existente sobre PLM de forma estruturada, para que ele possa servir de referência em projetos de implantação da gestão do ciclo de vida de produtos em empresas. O segundo resultado é o modelo de referência de sistemas PLM, que permite estabelecer uma base comum para a comparação entre os diversos sistemas PLM disponíveis comercialmente. O terceiro resultado é o modelo integrado processo-sistemas PLM e a ferramenta para utilização desse modelo integrado na prática. Por fim, o quarto resultado é o método de seleção de sistemas PLM com base em modelos de referência, que utiliza o modelo integrado processo-sistemas PLM para orientar a seleção do sistema mais adequado a uma empresa específica. A avaliação dos resultados indica que os instrumentos e o método propostos neste trabalho contribuem para auxiliar as empresas, especialmente as empresas de médio porte, na identificação de um sistema PLM adequado para atender aos requisitos de seus processos de negócio. / Product Lifecycle Management is an approach to the integrated management of business processes and product-related information. This approach requires information systems (PLM Systems) to provide collaboration support throughout the business and across product lifecycle. The practical problem that gave rise to this research was the challenge companies currently face in assessing existing PLM systems and in selecting the best alternative for their business processes. Examining the status of the research carried out in the field to date shows that there is a lack of methods and tools to effectively support companies in choosing their PLM Systems. Aiming at closing this gap and offering a solution for this problem, the goals of this study are: to provide a definition for PLM system reference models that generally represents the functionalities that characterize this kind of system, and to develop a method for choosing PLM systems based on the reference models. In meeting these goals, this research arrived at four main results. Firstly, at a conceptual framework of PLM elements providing an organized structure of the existing knowledge developed so far on PLM. This framework can be used as a reference in projects to implement product lifecycle management in companies. Secondly, at a PLM system reference model that establishes a common basis for comparing the many PLM systems available in the market. Thirdly, at an integrated PLM process-system model and tool for using this integrated model in practice. Lastly, at a method for selecting PLM systems based on the reference model, that uses the integrated PLM process-system model to support and guide users in choosing the best system for a certain company. The assessment of the results shows that the proposed tools and method effectively help companies, specially medium-sized businesses, in identifying the most adequate PLM system to meet their business process requirements.

The management of information is one of the key aspects within a successful andefficient product development process, particularly regarding complex products.Scania CV AB is at the moment developing a new IT-system, OAS, which aims tomanage the company’s product data. With this as a background, the purpose of thismaster thesis is to identify the cross-functional user needs within Scania’s organizationconcerning product data and the management around it. To fulfill the purpose, an empirical study consisting of 40 personal interviews with 50representatives from different functions within Scania’s organization was carriedthrough. The empirical data was then analyzed focusing on identifying thecross-functional needs and issues. The study points out that there is a big potential regarding improvement among themanagement of product data. For example, a lot of time is spent by the users to findthe requested information and to copy data manually from one IT-system to another.The most important findings, in terms of cross-functional user needs within Scania’sorganization, are the integration of Scania’s many IT-system and to make informationmore accessible. Further needs are regarding the ability to follow a product’s entirelifecycle, better support for the user’s understanding of the complex product, anenhanced management of Engineering Change Orders and a better supportconcerning the product structure.

Uncertainty and risk management by means of classification, identification of sources, assessment of consequences and implementation of systematic means to reduce their impact and costs. Developed complex management of technological and economic problems of construction integrated into the automated design and management system of a building throughout the project life cycle. Automated management model and methodology for a construction project used to accumulate and correct data in the implementation of individual stages of a construction project and to analyse the alternatives of reducing the impact of uncertainties and risk on the final solution and results of a construction project developed. / Naudojant neapibrėžtumų ir rizikos valdymą (klasifikuojant, nustatant šaltinius, įvertinant pasekmes bei imantis sisteminių priemonių) sumažinama neapibrėžtumų įtaka ir papildomos projekto išlaidos. Sukurtas kompleksinis statybos technologinių ir ekonominių uždavinių neapibrėžtumų valdymas integruotas į pastato automatizuoto projektavimo ir valdymo sistemą per visą projekto gyvavimo laikotarpį. Sukurtas statybos projekto automatizuoto valdymo modelis ir metodika, kuriais remiantis kaupiami bei koreguojami duomenys įgyvendinant statybos projekto etapus bei analizuojamos alternatyvos mažinant neapibrėžtumų ir rizikos įtaką galutiniam statybos projekto sprendiniui bei rezultatui.

A gestão do ciclo de vida de produtos (Product Lifecycle Management) é uma abordagem para a gestão integrada dos processos de negócio e das informações relacionadas aos produtos. Tal abordagem requer a utilização de sistemas de informação (Sistemas PLM) para apoiar a colaboração na empresa estendida, ao longo de todo o ciclo de vida. O problema prático que motiva a realização deste trabalho é a dificuldade enfrentada pelas empresas, atualmente, em avaliar os sistemas PLM existentes no mercado e em selecionar a alternativa mais adequada aos seus processos de negócio. A análise da situação atual da pesquisa na área indica que faltam métodos e instrumentos para apoiar a seleção de sistemas PLM. Visando preencher essa lacuna e propor uma solução para o problema identificado, o trabalho tem como objetivos definir um modelo de referência de sistemas PLM, que represente de forma genérica as funcionalidades que caracterizam esse tipo de sistema, e desenvolver um método para a seleção de sistemas PLM baseado em modelos de referência. A fim de atingir esses objetivos, são gerados quatro resultados principais. O primeiro resultado do trabalho é o framework conceitual de elementos do PLM, que organiza o conhecimento existente sobre PLM de forma estruturada, para que ele possa servir de referência em projetos de implantação da gestão do ciclo de vida de produtos em empresas. O segundo resultado é o modelo de referência de sistemas PLM, que permite estabelecer uma base comum para a comparação entre os diversos sistemas PLM disponíveis comercialmente. O terceiro resultado é o modelo integrado processo-sistemas PLM e a ferramenta para utilização desse modelo integrado na prática. Por fim, o quarto resultado é o método de seleção de sistemas PLM com base em modelos de referência, que utiliza o modelo integrado processo-sistemas PLM para orientar a seleção do sistema mais adequado a uma empresa específica. A avaliação dos resultados indica que os instrumentos e o método propostos neste trabalho contribuem para auxiliar as empresas, especialmente as empresas de médio porte, na identificação de um sistema PLM adequado para atender aos requisitos de seus processos de negócio. / Product Lifecycle Management is an approach to the integrated management of business processes and product-related information. This approach requires information systems (PLM Systems) to provide collaboration support throughout the business and across product lifecycle. The practical problem that gave rise to this research was the challenge companies currently face in assessing existing PLM systems and in selecting the best alternative for their business processes. Examining the status of the research carried out in the field to date shows that there is a lack of methods and tools to effectively support companies in choosing their PLM Systems. Aiming at closing this gap and offering a solution for this problem, the goals of this study are: to provide a definition for PLM system reference models that generally represents the functionalities that characterize this kind of system, and to develop a method for choosing PLM systems based on the reference models. In meeting these goals, this research arrived at four main results. Firstly, at a conceptual framework of PLM elements providing an organized structure of the existing knowledge developed so far on PLM. This framework can be used as a reference in projects to implement product lifecycle management in companies. Secondly, at a PLM system reference model that establishes a common basis for comparing the many PLM systems available in the market. Thirdly, at an integrated PLM process-system model and tool for using this integrated model in practice. Lastly, at a method for selecting PLM systems based on the reference model, that uses the integrated PLM process-system model to support and guide users in choosing the best system for a certain company. The assessment of the results shows that the proposed tools and method effectively help companies, specially medium-sized businesses, in identifying the most adequate PLM system to meet their business process requirements.

Essa dissertação está fundamentada em experiência de atuação no mercado da moda e em elementos históricos sobre a indústria têxtil e de confecção, nas duas últimas décadas do século XX e nas primeiras décadas do século XXI. Ela pretende contextualizar a questão do design de moda neste tempo globalizado sob o ponto de vista do olhar interdisciplinar de uma engenheira têxtil e designer de moda. Questiona-se aqui o dilema vivido pelos jovens designers, seus pares dentro das organizações em que atuam e alguns pontos da realidade da prática do design dentro das empresas de vestuário no Brasil. Nesse contexto, se discute a importância de redefinir o processo de desenvolvimento das coleções, o papel do designer de moda e de viabilizar o diálogo entre os diferentes sujeitos do processo de criação, durante o ciclo de vida de desenvolvimento do produto, a partir da sua conceituação a sua execução. Por fim, o estudo apresenta uma proposta de design integrado e interdisciplinar para a indústria da moda por meio de plataformas colaborativas, utilizando como referencial as teorias de design centrado no usuário e a participação em projetos de transformação por meio de Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) em empresas de confecção no Brasil / This study is based in the actual experience of the author in the fashion market and refers to historical elements of the Brazilian Textile and Clothing industry. The impact of the globalized moment on the intricated context of Brazils contemporary fashion is approached in an exploratory manner through the point of view of a textile engineer and fashion designer. The dilemma faced by young designers when practicing design and their relationships with peers is discussed with the aim of introducing best practices inside the Apparel Industry of Brazil. It is relevant to discuss the role of the fashion designer as well as to investigate the product development processes in the Brazilian companies to stimulate dialogues between the different actors involved in the product development cycle, from concept to execution. The study proposes an integrated and interdisciplinary method of user centered design by means of collaborative platforms of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) in Change Management Projects for Brazilian Apparel Industries

Les travaux de recherche de cette thèse portent sur la modélisation sémantique des informations industrielles, dans une approche og cycle de vie fg , de gestion des informations. Dans ce type d'approche, lever le verrou lié à l'interopérabilité des modèles d'information est une condition sine qua non à un échange d'information sans perte de flux sémantique. Jusqu'alors, des méthodes d'unification étaient envisagées, reposant sur l'utilisation mutuelle de modèles standards, tels que la norme STEP par exemple. Cependant, l'unification fait face à des limites en termes d'expressivité des modèles, de rigidité, et de perte de sémantique. Afin de lever ces limites, les paradigmes de modélisation évoluent et se tournent vers les ontologies d'inférence, outils du web sémantique.Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un cadre de modélisation sémantique général et une méthodologie de mise en place de ce cadre, qui reposent sur l'utilisation d'ontologies d'inférence. L'application du cadre de modélisation à un cas d'étude industriel, issu de l'ingénierie nucléaire (plus particulièrement l'expression et l'exécution des règles métier), permet alors d'évaluer les apports et limites des ontologies en tant que paradigme de modélisation. Les limites les plus importantes que nous identifions sur l'Open World Assumption, le manque de langage de règles performant et le manque d'outils d'implémentation robustes pour des applications à large échelle. Le développement d'un démonstrateur pour le cas d'étude industriel permet finalement de tendre vers une solution mixte, où les ontologies sont utilisées localement, afin d'en exploiter les divers avantages de manière optimale. / The present research study deals with industrial information modelling in a lifecycle management approach. In this context, achieving semantic interoperability is an important issue to guaranty the quality of information storage, exchange and reuse. Current solutions are based on unification approaches and use standard models as shared information representation. However, unification approches suffer from a lack of expressivity and flexibility. To overcome this issue, ontologies are proposed as a new modelling paradigm in order to perform federativ interoperability.This research focuses on inference ontologies and investigates the use of those semantic web-based technologies for a large scale industrial application. An ontology-based framework and a modelling methodology are therefore proposed and evaluated on a industrial use case in the nuclear industry. The application raises modelling issues like the Open World Assumption, the lack of a real integrated rule approach, and the robustness of implementation tools. The industrial use case is implemented within a demonstrator, that finally allows to propose an hybrid solution, where ontologies are locally used.end{abstract}

Dans ces travaux de recherche, nous proposons une méthodologie pour l’élaboration d’une architecture Cloud Manufacturing. Le CM est un paradigme émergeant dans lequel des ressources dynamiques virtualisées et extensibles sont fournies à un utilisateur comme services à travers internet. Notre architecture est utilisée comme une plateforme pour mettre en correspondance des utilisateurs et des fournisseurs de ressources manufacturières pouvant collaborer ensemble tout au long du cycle de vie du produit tout en réduisant les coûts et le temps de développement. Comme certains vendeurs peuvent décrire leurs services de différentes façons, les technologies du web telles que les ontologies sont des outils robustes pour mettre en correspondance les descriptions des vendeurs avec les requêtes des utilisateurs. Nous utilisons les ontologies pour élaborer le modèle de connaissance du domaine du Cloud Manufacturing. L’ontologie définit les étapes du cycle de vie du produit comme des services et prend en compte les caractéristiques du Cloud Computing (stockage, capacité de calcul, etc.). L’ontologie CM contribue à automatiser la découverte des services et est incluse dans la plateforme pour mettre en correspondance des utilisateurs et les fournisseurs. La méthodologie proposée (ASCI-Onto) est inspirée par le cadre méthodologique ASCI qui a déjà été utilisé pour l’étude de systèmes logistiques, hospitaliers et de production. L’objectif de cette nouvelle méthodologie est de développer facilement une librairie de composants pour un système CM. Un exemple d’application avec un modèle de simulation, basé sur le logiciel CloudSim, est présenté. L’objectif est d’aider les industriels à prendre leurs décisions pour concevoir un système CM. / In this research, we introduce a methodology to build a CM architecture. Cloud Manufacturing is an emerging paradigm in which dynamically scalable and virtualized resources are provided to the users as services over the Internet. Our architecture serves as a platform for mapping users and manufacturing resources' providers with the aim of enhancing collaboration within Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) by reducing costs and development time. Since some providers may use different descriptions of their services we believe that semantic web technologies like ontologies are robust tools for mapping providers' descriptions and users' requests in order to find the suited service. Then, we use ontology to build the knowledge model of Cloud Manufacturing domain. The ontology defines the steps of the pro- duct lifecycle as services and also takes in account the Cloud Computing features (storage, Computing capacity, etc.). The Cloud Manufacturing ontology contributes to intelligent and automated service discovery and is included in a platform for mapping users and providers. The proposed methodology ASCI-Onto is inspired by ASDI framework (analysis-specification- design-implementation) which has already been used in supply chain, healthcare and manu- facturing domains. The goal of the new methodology consists of designing easily a library of components for a Cloud Manufacturing system. Finally, an example of application of this methodology with a simulation model, based on the CloudSim software, is presented. The goal is to help industrials to make their decisions in order to design Cloud Manufacturing systems.

Dans l'industrie l'approche de gestion du cycle de vie du produit (PLM) a été considérée comme une solution essentielle pour améliorer la compétitivité des produits. Elle vise à fournir une plate-forme commune qui rassemble les différents systèmes de l'entreprise à chaque étape du cycle de vie du produit dans ou à travers les entreprises. Bien que les principaux éditeurs de logiciels fassent des efforts pour créer des outils offrant un ensemble complet et intégré de systèmes, la plupart d' entre eux n'intègrent pas l'ensemble des systèmes. Enfin, ils ne fournissent pas une intégration cohérente de l'ensemble du système d'information. Il en résulte une sorte de « tour de Babel », où chaque application est considérée comme une île au milieu de l'océan de l'information, gérée par de nombreuses parties prenantes dans une entreprise, ou même dans un réseau d'entreprises. L'hétérogénéité des parties prenantes augmente le problème d'interopérabilité. L'objectif de cette thèse est de traiter la question de l'interopérabilité sémantique, en proposant une méthode d'annotation sémantique formelle pour favoriser la compréhension mutuelle de la sémantique de l'information partagée et échangée dans un environnement PLM / In manufacturing enterprises the Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) approach has been considered as an essential solution for improving the product competitive ability. It aims at providing a shared platform that brings together different enterprise systems at each stage of a product life cycle in or across enterprises. Although the main software companies are making efforts to create tools for offering a complete and integrated set of systems, most of them have not implemented all of the systems. Finally, they do not provide a coherent integration of the entire information system. This results in a kind of "tower of Babel", where each application is considered as an island in the middle of the ocean of information, managed by many stakeholders in an enterprise, or even in a network of enterprises. The different peculiarities of those stakeholders are then over increasing the issue of interoperability. The objective of this thesis is to deal with the issue of semantic interoperability, by proposing a formal semantic annotation method to support the mutual understanding of the semantics inside the shared and exchanged information in a PLM environment

Práce seznamuje s technologií Digitální továrny, analyzuje produkt Delmia. Popisuje implementaci produktu ve společnosti Škoda auto a.s.. V závěru předkládá přínos pro rozhodování managerů a návrhy na změny systému před zavedením v pobočných závodech společnosti.