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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

Estudos de relações quantitativas estrutura-atividade de antagonistas do receptor sigma-1 / Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship studies of Sigma-1 receptor antagonists

Chiari, Laise Pellegrini Alencar 06 June 2017 (has links)
A dor neuropática atinge cerca de 6 a 10% da população global e estima-se o seu aumento nos próximos anos. Essa síndrome não tem cura e afeta consideravelmente a qualidade de vida das pessoas por ela acometidas. Os medicamentos utilizados atualmente para o seu tratamento, como antidepressivos, anticonvulsivantes, opióides, dentre outros, não proporcionam um resultado satisfatório pelo fato de não reduzirem consideravelmente os sintomas e/ou por terem muitos efeitos colaterais. Pesquisas recentes mostram que o receptor sigma-1 pode ser utilizado no tratamento da dor neuropática. Verificou-se na literatura uma nova série de pirimidinas que são capazes de se ligar ao receptor sigma-1, atuando como seus antagonistas, sendo potenciais alvos para a produção de fármacos que podem ser utilizados no tratamento da dor neuropática. Então, estudos de Relações Quantitativas Estrutura-Atividade (QSAR) foram realizados utilizando os métodos de Mínimos Quadrados Parciais (PLS) e Redes Neurais Artificiais (ANN) para prever a atividade biológica dessa série de pirimidinas. Os resultados obtidos se mostraram satisfatórios tanto para o método de PLS (r2 = 0,877, q2 = 0,800 e r2teste = 0,738), quanto para o método de ANN (r2trein = 0,734, r2val = 0,753 e r2teste = 0,676), mostrando que o conjunto de compostos antagonistas do receptor Sigma-1 pode ser descrito tanto de forma linear quanto de forma não-linear. / Neuropathic pain affects about 6 to 10% of the global population and it is estimated to increase in the coming years. This syndrome has no cure and considerably affects the life quality of people affected by it. Medications currently used for its treatment, such as antidepressants, anticonvulsants, opioids, among others, do not provide a satisfactory result because they do not significantly reduce the symptoms and/or have many side effects. Recent research shows that the sigma-1 receptor can be used in the treatment of the neuropathic pain. A new series of pyrimidines have been found in the literature, which are capable of binding to the sigma-1 receptor, acting as its antagonists, and have been synthesized as potential targets that can be used in the treatment of the neuropathic pain. Therefore, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) were performed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) methods to predict the biological activity of this series of pyrimidines. Through the mathematical models obtained by PLS (r2 = 0.877, q2 = 0.800 and r2test = 0.738) and ANN (r2trein = 0.734, r2val = 0.753 and r2test = 0.676) methods, it was showed that they were able to predict the biological activity of the studied pyrimidines.
92

Uso da espectroscopia do infravermelho pr?ximo e t?cnicas multivariadas para diferenciar escherichia coli e salmonella enteritidis inoculadas em polpa de fruta (abacaxi)

Marques, Aline de Sousa 31 July 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineSM_DISSERT.pdf: 1997460 bytes, checksum: 0ad037938fab17947fef7a249102b4ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-31 / Aiming to consumer s safety the presence of pathogenic contaminants in foods must be monitored because they are responsible for foodborne outbreaks that depending on the level of contamination can ultimately cause the death of those who consume them. In industry is necessary that this identification be fast and profitable. This study shows the utility and application of near-infrared (NIR) transflectance spectroscopy as an alternative method for the identification and classification of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Enteritidis in commercial fruit pulp (pineapple). Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) and Discriminant Analysis Partial Least Squares (PLS-DA) were used in the analysis. It was not possible to obtain total separation between samples using PCA and SIMCA. The PLS-DA showed good performance in prediction capacity reaching 87.5% for E. coli and 88.3% for S. Enteritides, respectively. The best models were obtained for the PLS-DA with second derivative spectra treated with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.87 and 0.83, respectively. These results suggest that the NIR spectroscopy and PLS-DA can be used to discriminate and detect bacteria in the fruit pulp / Visando ? seguran?a do consumidor, ? de extrema import?ncia identificar a presen?a de contaminantes patog?nicos nos alimentos, pois os mesmos s?o respons?veis por surtos alimentares que dependendo do n?vel de contamina??o pode chegar a causar a morte de quem os consome. Na industria h? uma necessidade de que essa identifica??o de contaminantes seja r?pida e rent?vel. Este estudo mostra a aplica??o e utilidade de medidas espectrais de transflect?ncia no infravermelho pr?ximo (NIR) como um m?todo alternativo para a identifica??o e classifica??o de Escherichia coli e Salmonella Enteritidis em polpa de fruta comercial (abacaxi). An?lise de Componentes Principais (PCA), Modelagem Independente por Analogia Classe (SIMCA) e An?lise Discriminante por M?nimos Quadrados Parciais (PLS-DA) foram utilizados na an?lise. N?o foi poss?vel obter uma separa??o total entre as amostras usando PCA e SIMCA. O PLS-DA apresentou bom desempenho na capacidade de predi??o alcan?ando 87,5% para E. coli e 88,3% para S. Enteritides, respectivamente. Os melhores modelos obtidos para o PLS-DA com os espectros tratados com segunda derivada apresentaram sensibilidade e especificidade de 0,87 e 0,83, repectivamente. Estes resultados sugerem que a espectroscopia NIR e PLS-DA podem ser usados para discriminar e detectar bact?rias na polpa da fruta
93

Suivi de maturation de composts mixtes par spectrométrie d'absorption et de fluorescence UV-visible / Monitoring of the maturation mixed composts by absorption and fluorescence spetrometry

Abaker, Madi Guirema 15 December 2016 (has links)
Le recyclage des déchets organiques est une préoccupation environnementaleimportante tant du point de vue énergétique que du point de vue du réchauffement climatique.Le compostage permet la transformation d'un déchet en produit, le compost, mais permetaussi d'augmenter le stockage du carbone dans les sols. Parmi les déchets, les boues de stationd'épuration sont un type de déchet urbain organique problématique et grandissant. La teneurélevée en matières organiques des boues peut ainsi être valorisée grâce au co-compostageavec des déchets verts. En effet, de nombreuses modifications chimiques se produisent aucours du processus de maturation d’un compost transformant les molécules simples ensubstances humiques bénéfiques aux sols. Cependant, il n'existe pas encore, à ce jour, detechniques rapides et universelles permettant de prédire la stabilité et la maturité du compost.Il est, en effet, nécessaire, pour suivre l'évolution d'un compost, de mesurer un nombreimportant de paramètres biologiques (test de respirométrie, test de germination), physiques(pH, température,…) et chimiques (potentiel d'oxydo-réduction, capacité d’échange de cations(CEC),…). Ceci n'est pas économiquement viable et rarement fait sur les plates-formes decompostage.L’objectif de cette étude a donc été d’identifier quel(s) paramètre(s) pourrai(en)t êtreutilisé(s) pour suivre aisément, sur une plate-forme de compostage, l’évolution du compostsur le terrain. Pour cela, nous avons suivi un co-compostage de boues de station d’épurationau cours du processus de maturation dans des composteurs de particuliers (sur place et enserre) et dans l’andain (sur place) afin d’observer l’effet de la taille mais aussi l’effet desconditions climatiques sur le processus de compostage. Une méthode d’extraction simple etpeu coûteuse de la matière organique extractible à l’eau (WEOM) utilisant un percolateur àeau à température ambiante est proposée. Ces extraits à l'eau ont été caractérisés par différentsparamètres, tels que le carbone organique dissous (CODWEOM) et l’azote total (NTWEOM) oules acides gras volatils (AGVWEOM) mais aussi par différentes techniques spectrométriquesd'absorption UV-Visible et de fluorescence. Pour l’absorption, des indices nous informent surl'aromaticité (SUVA254 WEOM), la taille moléculaire (E2/E3 WEOM), le poids moléculaire (E4/E6WEOM) et sur les substitutions des composés organiques (EET/EBZ WEOM) de la matièreorganique. En ce qui concerne la fluorescence, les indices d'humification HLIF, Kalbitz WEOM,Milori WEOM, Ra,c WEOM et Zsolnay WEOM ont été utilisés pour étudier les propriétés de laWEOM. De plus, à partir des matrices d'excitation-émission de fluorescence, les composantsCP/PARAFAC ont été déterminés. Au total, ce sont 23 paramètres qui ont été suivis au coursdu compostage.Les résultats permettent de discriminer les indices les plus pertinents pouvant êtreutilisés sur le terrain. Ces indices sont le SUVA254 WEOM, ainsi que les indices de Kalbitz WEOMet de Milori WEOM. La spectrométrie est une technique pertinente pour le suivi du compost surle terrain. Il n'a pas été décelé d'influence de la météorologie pour les composteursparticuliers, mais bien un effet de taille pour certains paramètres. / The recycling of organic waste is a major environmental concern both from anenergetic perspective and the global warming. The composting allows the conversion of wasteinto a product, the compost, and also the increase of carbon storage in soils. Among thedifferent wastes, sewage sludges are a problematic and increasing organic urban waste. Thehigh level of organic matter in sludges can be valorized by co-composting with green waste.Indeed, many chemical changes occur in the compost maturation process, transforming thesimple molecules in humic substances which are beneficial for soils. However, there are notyet, rapid and universal techniques which could predict the stability and the maturity ofcompost. It is necessary to measure a large number of biological (respirometric test, test ofgermination), physical (pH, temperature,…) and chemical (redox potential, cation exchangecapacity (CEC),…) parameters in order to follow the compost evolution. These measurementsare expensive and are rarely done on the composting platforms.Our objective was therefore to determine which parameter(s) could be used to easilymonitor the compost on the platform. For that, we followed a co-composting of sewagesludges during the maturation process in private compost bins (platform and greenhouse) andin swath (platform) in order to observe the size effect and the climatic condition effect on thecomposting process. An easy and little expensive extraction method of the water extractibleorganic matter (WEOM), using a percolator with water at room temperature was proposed.These water extracts were characterized by various parameters, such as dissolved organiccarbon (DOC WEOM) and total nitrogen (TN WEOM) or the content of volatile fatty acids, butalso, by various spectroscopic technics such as UV-Visible absorption and fluorescence. ForUV-Visible absorption, indices provide data on the aromaticity (SUVA254 WEOM), themolecular size (E2/E3 WEOM), the molecular weight (E4/E6 WEOM) and the substitutions oforganic compounds (EET/EBZ WEOM) of organic matter. Regarding fluorescence, humificationindexes such as HLIF, Kalbitz WEOM, Milori WEOM, Ra,c WEOM and Zsolnay WEOM were used tostudy the properties of WEOM. In addition, from the excitation-emission fluorescencematrices, CP/PARAFAC components were determined. All in all, 23 parameters werefollowed during the composting.We were thus able to distiguish the most relevant indices that can be used on theplatform. These indices are the SUVA254 WEOM and indices of Kalbitz WEOM and Milori WEOM.The spectroscopy is a relevant technique for monitoring the compost in the field. No impactof climatic conditions was revealed for the private compost bins, but a size effect for someparameters was observed.
94

Méthodes de traitement innovantes pour les systèmes de commandes de vol / Innovative processing of anemometric and inertial data in the flight control systems

Cazes, Florian 28 March 2013 (has links)
Implantés pour la première fois en 1980, les systèmes de commandes de vol électriques (CDVE) équipent désormais tous les avions AIRBUS et constituent un standard industriel dans l’aviation civile. Les CDVE permettent notamment un meilleur contrôle de l’avion (lois de pilotage et pilote automatique plus évolués...) et la mise en place de fonctions spécifiques de protection de l’enveloppe de vol. Les objectifs des avionneurs, dans le cadre de l’amélioration globale des futurs appareils, s’orientent vers des appareils plus stables, plus maniables, moins coûteux et donc plus écologiques. Cela se traduit en particulier par l’augmentation de la disponibilité des systèmes de commande de vol. Actuellement, la solution la plus utilisée par les avionneurs consiste à augmenter la redondance et la dissimilarité matérielles. Ainsi, les paramètres de vol qui sont entre autres nécessaires au calcul des lois de pilotage, sont mesurés par plusieurs capteurs (par exemple trois sondes d’incidence, trois sondes pitot...). Pour chaque paramètre de vol, un choix ou un calcul doit être réalisé pour évincer les sources présentant un dysfonctionnement. Ceci permet de fournir une unique valeur aux autres systèmes de l’appareil tout en s’assurant sa disponibilité. Ce processus est appelé « consolidation ». L’objectif de la thèse est de réaliser des méthodes de détection de dysfonctionnements agissant sur chaque capteur puis de proposer une stratégie de fusion des informations, en vue de remplacer l’actuel processus de « consolidation ». L’idée principale consiste à créer des capteurs dits « logiciels », qui sont des estimateurs des paramètres de vol (mesurés par des capteurs externes de l’avion) utilisant d’autres paramètres de vol dissimilaires (en l’occurence des paramètres inertiels, mesurés par des capteurs différents et internes). La régression PLS (pour partial least squares) permet de réaliser cette estimation. Des stratégies de détection et des méthodes de fusion découlent de ses propriétés. / From the 80’s to today, all AIRBUS civil aircraft are equipped with electrical flight control systems (EFCS). This technology now constitutes an industrial standard for commercial applications. This allows a more sophisticated aircraft control (advanced flight laws, more available autopilot...) and the setting up of specific protection functions of the flight enveloppe. In the framework of a global aircraft optimisation, for future and upcoming programs, current research efforts are dedicated to a more easy-to-handle aircraft, more efficient and so on more environmentally-friendly, resulting in augmented EFCS availability. The industrial state of practice, for all aircraft manufacturers, is to develop high levels of hardware redundancy (more dissimilar sensors for instance). Therefore several sensors (for instance three angle of attack probes, three pitot probes) provide flight parameter measurements which are necessary for the computation of the flight laws, as an example. For each of these measurements, a choice or computation is performed to provide a unique and valid value among the redundant sensors. In parallel, a monitoring is done to discard a measure in case of a failure. Both processes are called « consolidation ». The aim of the Ph.D. is to provide new detection strategies to detect a failure on each sensor (monosensor monitoring) and then to design new data fusion methods to act as the actual « consolidation » process. The main idea proposes to create « software » sensors which actually are flight parameter estimators (measured by external sensors) created thanks to other dissimilar flight parameters (in our case inertial parameters, measured by inner sensors, from a different technology). The partial least squares regression (PLS) is used to perform this estimation. Detection strategies and fusion methods are following from its properties.
95

Aplicações de métodos quimiométricos e de técnicas analíticas em amostras alimentícias e farmacêuticas / Application of chemometrical methods and analytical techniques in food and pharmaceutical samples

Jéssica da Silva Alves de Pinho 27 February 2012 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esse trabalho compreende dois diferentes estudos de caso: o primeiro foi a respeito de um medicamento para o qual foi desenvolvida uma metodologia para determinar norfloxacino (NOR) por espectrofluorimetria molecular e validação por HPLC. Primeiramente foi desenvolvida uma metodologia por espectrofluorimetria onde foram feitos alguns testes preliminares a fim de estabelecer qual valor de pH iria fornecer a maior intensidade de emissão. Após fixar o pH foi feita a determinação de NOR em padrões aquosos e soluções do medicamento usando calibração univariada. A faixa de concentração trabalhada foi de 0500 μg.L-1. O limite de detecção para o medicamento foi de 6,9 μg.L-1 enquanto que o de quantificação foi de 24,6 μg.L-1. Além dessas, outras figuras de mérito também foram estimadas para desenvolvimento da metodologia e obtiveram resultados muito satisfatórios, como por exemplo, os testes de recuperação no qual a recuperação do analito foi de 99.5 a 103.8%. Para identificação e quantificação do NOR da urina foi necessário diluir a amostra de urina (estudada em dois diferentes níveis de diluição: 500 e 1000 x) e também uso do método da adição de padrão (na mesma faixa de concentração usada para medicamento). Após a aquisição do espectro, todos foram usados para construção do tensor que seria usado no PARAFAC. Foi possível estimar as figuras de mérito como limite de detecção de 11.4 μg.L-1 and 8.4 μg.L-1 (diluição de 500 e 1000 x respectivamente) e limite de quantificação de 34 μg.L-1 e 25.6 μg.L-1 (diluição de 500 x e 1000 x respectivamente). O segundo estudo de caso foi na área alimentícia no qual se usou espectroscopia NIR e FT MIR acopladas a quimiometria para discriminar óleo de soja transgênica e não transgênica. Os espectros dos óleos não mostraram diferença significativa em termos visuais, sendo necessário usar ferramentas quimiométricas capazes de fazer essa distinção. Tanto para espectroscopia NIR quanto FT MIR foi feito o PCA a fim de identificar amostras discrepantes e que influenciariam o modelo de forma negativa. Após efetuar o PCA, foram usadas três diferentes técnicas para discriminar os óleos: SIMCA, SVM-DA e PLS-DA, sendo que para cada técnica foram usados também diferentes pré processamento. No NIR, apenas para um pré processamento se obteve resultados satisfatórios nas três técnicas, enquanto que para FT-MIR ao se usar PLS-DA se obteve 100% de acerto na classificação para todos os pré processamentos / This paper comprises two different researches: the firts one was related to a medicament for which was developed a methodology to quantify Norfloxacin (NOR) by molecular spectrofluorimetry and validation by HPLC. First of all, was developed a methodology for spectrofluorimetry where were done some preliminary tests to establish which value of pH would provide the highest emission intensity. After fix pH, it was performed NOR determination in aqueous standard and medicament using univariate calibration. The concentration range was 0-500 μg.L-1. The limit of detection for medicament was 6,9 μg.L-1 while the limit of detection was 24,6 μg.L-1. Beyond that, other figures of merit were also estimated for developing methodology and offered results quite satisfactory, such as recovering tests in which analyte recovery was 99.5 - 103.8%. For identify and quantify NOR in urine was necessary to dilute the samples (studied in two different levels: 500 and 1000 X) and also standar method addition (in same concentration range used for medicament). After spectra acquisition, all of them were used to built the tensor that would be used in PARAFAC. It was possible to estimate figures of merit such as limit of detection: 11.4 μg.L-1 and 8.4 μg.L-1 (dilution of 500 and 1000 X respectively) and limit of quantification: 34 μg.L-1 and 25.6 μg.L-1 (dilution of 500 and 1000 X, respectively). The second studied case was in food area in which was used NIR and FT-MIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric to discriminate transgenic and no transgenic soybean oil. Oils spectra did not show significative difference in visual terms, being necessary using chemometric tools capable of perform this distinction. For NIR and FT-MIR spectroscopy it was performed PCA that aimed identify anomalous samples that would be a negative influence. After perform PCA were used three different techniques to discriminate oils samples: SIMCA, SVM-DA and PLS-DA, being used for each technique different preprocessing. In NIR, only for one preprocessing it was obtained good results for three techniques while in FT-MIR when PLS-DA was used it was achieved 100% in classification for all preprocessing
96

Uso de modelos multivariados para a avaliação do valor de dienos em amostras de gasolina de pirólise / Chemometric approach to assess the diene value in pyrolysis gasoline

Hilgemann, Maurício 19 December 2005 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The quality of gasoline may be affected by the presence of several compounds. Among them, the conjugated dienes play an important role due to the fact that their presence is strongly associated with gum formation, which may clogs the injector of automobiles and may causes damages in the petroleum derivates. The main used method for the determination of total conjugated dienes is the UOP-326 method. However, the long analysis time (from 5 to 6 hours) is the main disadvantages. The available methodologies investigated as alternative to the UOP-326 method do not solve the problem properly. The present work reports the use of multivariate models to assess the diene value (DV) in pyrolysis gasoline samples starting from voltammetric and spectrophotometric data. The calibrations were carried out using the UOP-326 method instead of diene standards. In the voltammetric model, starting from a group of 24 hydrogenated pyrolysis gasoline, the PLS (Partial Least Squares) method was used to predict the DV in an independent group of 7 samples. The deviations observed were lower than 12,2% comparing to the UOP-326 method. In a group of 24 non-hydrogenated pyrolysis gasoline samples, an independent group of 7 samples was also used to predict the DV. The deviations observed were lower than 4,1%. In the spectrophotometric approach, the PLS method was used to predict the DV in an independent group of 5 samples of hydrogenated pyrolysis gasoline (n=21). The deviations observed were lower than 11% by comparing to the UOP-326 method. In a group of 26 non-hydrogenated pyrolysis gasoline samples, an independent group of 10 samples was used to predict the DV. The deviations observed were lower than 5,7%. Comparing the voltammetric and spectrophotometric methods, the former showed more reliable results with lower RMSEP (Root Mean Square Error of Prediction) values. / A qualidade da gasolina é afetada pela presença de diversos compostos. Entre eles, os dienos conjugados possuem um importante papel devido ao fato de estarem associados à formação de goma, que forma depósitos no injetor de combustível de automóveis e diminui a qualidade dos produtos petrolíferos. O método comumente utilizado para a determinação de dienos conjugados totais é o método UOP-326. Contudo, ele apresenta como principal desvantagem o longo tempo de análise (de 5 a 6 horas). As metodologias já investigadas que visam substituir o método UOP-326 na quantificação de dienos conjugados em gasolina não resolvem adequadamente o problema. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho aborda o uso de modelos multivariados para a avaliação do valor de dienos (DV) em amostras de gasolina de pirólise a partir de dados voltamétricos e espectrofotométricos, utilizando o método UOP-326 para a calibração do sistema. No modelo voltamétrico, de um grupo de 24 amostras de gasolina de pirólise hidrogenada, utilizou-se o método PLS (Regressão por Mínimos Quadrados Parciais) para a predição do DV em um grupo independente de 7 amostras, obtendo-se desvios inferiores a 12,2% quando comparado ao método UOP-326. E em 24 amostras de gasolina de pirólise não hidrogenada, um grupo independente de 7 amostras foi utilizado para a predição do DV, obtendo desvios inferiores a 4,1%. No modelo espectrofotométrico, utilizou-se o método PLS para a predição do DV em um grupo independente de 5 amostras de gasolina de pirólise hidrogenada (n=21), obtendo-se desvios inferiores a 11% quando comparado ao método UOP-326. E em 26 amostras de gasolina de pirólise não hidrogenada, um grupo independente de 10 amostras foi utilizado para a predição do DV, obtendo-se desvios inferiores a 5,7%. Na comparação entre os métodos voltamétrico e espectrofotométrico, o primeiro mostrou-se mais confiável, apresentando valores de RMSEP (erro médio dos resíduos quadráticos de predição) inferiores para ambas as amostras.
97

Aplicações de métodos quimiométricos e de técnicas analíticas em amostras alimentícias e farmacêuticas / Application of chemometrical methods and analytical techniques in food and pharmaceutical samples

Jéssica da Silva Alves de Pinho 27 February 2012 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esse trabalho compreende dois diferentes estudos de caso: o primeiro foi a respeito de um medicamento para o qual foi desenvolvida uma metodologia para determinar norfloxacino (NOR) por espectrofluorimetria molecular e validação por HPLC. Primeiramente foi desenvolvida uma metodologia por espectrofluorimetria onde foram feitos alguns testes preliminares a fim de estabelecer qual valor de pH iria fornecer a maior intensidade de emissão. Após fixar o pH foi feita a determinação de NOR em padrões aquosos e soluções do medicamento usando calibração univariada. A faixa de concentração trabalhada foi de 0500 μg.L-1. O limite de detecção para o medicamento foi de 6,9 μg.L-1 enquanto que o de quantificação foi de 24,6 μg.L-1. Além dessas, outras figuras de mérito também foram estimadas para desenvolvimento da metodologia e obtiveram resultados muito satisfatórios, como por exemplo, os testes de recuperação no qual a recuperação do analito foi de 99.5 a 103.8%. Para identificação e quantificação do NOR da urina foi necessário diluir a amostra de urina (estudada em dois diferentes níveis de diluição: 500 e 1000 x) e também uso do método da adição de padrão (na mesma faixa de concentração usada para medicamento). Após a aquisição do espectro, todos foram usados para construção do tensor que seria usado no PARAFAC. Foi possível estimar as figuras de mérito como limite de detecção de 11.4 μg.L-1 and 8.4 μg.L-1 (diluição de 500 e 1000 x respectivamente) e limite de quantificação de 34 μg.L-1 e 25.6 μg.L-1 (diluição de 500 x e 1000 x respectivamente). O segundo estudo de caso foi na área alimentícia no qual se usou espectroscopia NIR e FT MIR acopladas a quimiometria para discriminar óleo de soja transgênica e não transgênica. Os espectros dos óleos não mostraram diferença significativa em termos visuais, sendo necessário usar ferramentas quimiométricas capazes de fazer essa distinção. Tanto para espectroscopia NIR quanto FT MIR foi feito o PCA a fim de identificar amostras discrepantes e que influenciariam o modelo de forma negativa. Após efetuar o PCA, foram usadas três diferentes técnicas para discriminar os óleos: SIMCA, SVM-DA e PLS-DA, sendo que para cada técnica foram usados também diferentes pré processamento. No NIR, apenas para um pré processamento se obteve resultados satisfatórios nas três técnicas, enquanto que para FT-MIR ao se usar PLS-DA se obteve 100% de acerto na classificação para todos os pré processamentos / This paper comprises two different researches: the firts one was related to a medicament for which was developed a methodology to quantify Norfloxacin (NOR) by molecular spectrofluorimetry and validation by HPLC. First of all, was developed a methodology for spectrofluorimetry where were done some preliminary tests to establish which value of pH would provide the highest emission intensity. After fix pH, it was performed NOR determination in aqueous standard and medicament using univariate calibration. The concentration range was 0-500 μg.L-1. The limit of detection for medicament was 6,9 μg.L-1 while the limit of detection was 24,6 μg.L-1. Beyond that, other figures of merit were also estimated for developing methodology and offered results quite satisfactory, such as recovering tests in which analyte recovery was 99.5 - 103.8%. For identify and quantify NOR in urine was necessary to dilute the samples (studied in two different levels: 500 and 1000 X) and also standar method addition (in same concentration range used for medicament). After spectra acquisition, all of them were used to built the tensor that would be used in PARAFAC. It was possible to estimate figures of merit such as limit of detection: 11.4 μg.L-1 and 8.4 μg.L-1 (dilution of 500 and 1000 X respectively) and limit of quantification: 34 μg.L-1 and 25.6 μg.L-1 (dilution of 500 and 1000 X, respectively). The second studied case was in food area in which was used NIR and FT-MIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric to discriminate transgenic and no transgenic soybean oil. Oils spectra did not show significative difference in visual terms, being necessary using chemometric tools capable of perform this distinction. For NIR and FT-MIR spectroscopy it was performed PCA that aimed identify anomalous samples that would be a negative influence. After perform PCA were used three different techniques to discriminate oils samples: SIMCA, SVM-DA and PLS-DA, being used for each technique different preprocessing. In NIR, only for one preprocessing it was obtained good results for three techniques while in FT-MIR when PLS-DA was used it was achieved 100% in classification for all preprocessing
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La participation des parties prenantes à la démarche de marketing territorial d’une marque de territoire : le cas de la marque Auvergne Nouveau Monde / Stakeholder participation in the place marketing process : the case of the Auvergne Nouveau Monde brand

Zumbo-Lebrument, Cédrine 14 November 2017 (has links)
Basée sur une recherche-intervention effectuée dans le cadre d’une thèse CIFRE au sein l’association « Auvergne Nouveau Monde » (ANM), l’objectif de cette thèse consiste à identifier, comprendre et évaluer les déterminants sur lesquels repose la participation des parties prenantes (PP) à la démarche de marketing territorial de la marque de territoire ANM. Ressaisis dans les champs de la démocratie participative et du marketing territorial, les enjeux de la participation des PP d’une marque de territoire sont explicités ainsi que leurs fondements conceptuels. Puis, le terrain de recherche et la démarche méthodologique d’étude (7 études) sont exposés : cette dernière est constituée, d’un travail de contextualisation de la participation des PP de la démarche d’ANM (1, 2, 3, 4) puis, d’une étude qualitative réalisée auprès de 25 entretiens d’adhérents de l’association (5), et, enfin, du test par l'approche PLS (Partial Least Squares) de deux modèles d’équations structurelles (études 6 (adhérents) et 7 (ambassadeurs citoyens auvergnats)) des déterminants de la participation des PP de la marque ANM à la démarche de marketing territorial mise en œuvre. Enfin, les résultats de la validation des deux modèles d’équations structurelles (295 répondants) sont présentés puis discutés afin d’en délimiter les apports, les limites, les implications managériales et les perspectives de recherche. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que l’attachement à la marque ANM a une influence positive sur la participation des PP étudiées ; corrélativement, les résultats indiquent que cet attachement à la marque est influencé positivement par le sentiment d’appartenance régionale, l’implication organisationnelle (adhérents) et la satisfaction à l’endroit de l’association ANM porteuse de la marque. / Based on a research-intervention carried out as part of a CIFRE thesis within the association "Auvergne Nouveau Monde" (ANM), the objective of this thesis is to identify, understand and evaluate the different determinants on which lies the participation of the stakeholders in the place marketing process of the "ANM" brand of territory. In order to do this, in a first part, in the fields of participatory democracy and place marketing, the meaning, scope and stakes of the participation of the stakeholders of a brand of territory are explained as well as their conceptual foundations. Then, in a second part, the field of research and the methodological approach to study the participation of the stakeholders of the brand "Auvergne Nouveau Monde" are exposed: the latter consists, first, of a contextualization work on the participation of stakeholders in the ANM place marketing approach and then, secondly, of a qualitative study carried out through 25 interviews with members of the association ANM, and, thirdly, the PLS (Partial Least Squares) approach to two models of structural equations (a model for the members of the ANM association and a model for the brand ambassadors, citizens of Auvergne) of the determinants of the participation of ANM brand stakeholders in the implemented place marketing approach. In a third part, the results of the validation of the two structural equation models of the determinants of participation based on a total sample of 295 respondents are presented and then discussed in order to delineate both the inputs, limitations, managerial implications and research prospects. The results show that attachment to the ANM brand has a positive influence on the participation of the stakeholders studied; correspondingly, the results indicate that this attachment to the brand is positively influenced by the feeling of regional belonging, organizational involvement (for members) and satisfaction with the ANM brand association
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Controle de qualidade de águas potáveis utilizando análise multivariada de imagens / Water quality control of potable water using multivariate image analysis

Damasceno, Deangelis 15 December 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-05-12T18:18:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Deangelis Damasceno - 2016.pdf: 4602737 bytes, checksum: 00c0eed1514b7ff11167a9271ed725e9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-05-13T11:27:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Deangelis Damasceno - 2016.pdf: 4602737 bytes, checksum: 00c0eed1514b7ff11167a9271ed725e9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-13T11:27:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Deangelis Damasceno - 2016.pdf: 4602737 bytes, checksum: 00c0eed1514b7ff11167a9271ed725e9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / New digital image based-analytical methodologies are proposed to measure pH, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, chloride, fluorine, and total iron of potable water samples. Multivariate image analysis and partial leastsquares regression were applied to BMP digital images acquired from a CCD-scanner. RGB, HIS, XYZ and YCbCr color spaces and 300 dpi images of 200 μL water samples were employed. This micro volume per sample yielded micro volumes of analytical waste per sample (400.0 μL). PLS root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) for pH analyses was 0.16. RMSEP values for alkalinity, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, chloride, fluorine, and total iron were 0.03, 1.20, 2.01, 0.07, 0.04, and 0.06 mg L-1, respectively. Analytical figures of merit were computed for all PLS proposed methods. Mean relative errors ranging from 0.20% to 1.33 were found. The proposed methods were validated against standard analytical procedures for water quality control. There were no statistical differences between mean PLS value and the one found using the respective standard procedure (ttest, 􀀁 = 0.05). Precision was found statistically equivalent for pH, alkalinity, chloride, fluoride, and total iron when compared to the related reference method (Ftest, 􀀁 = 0.05). Therefore, the new PLS analytical methods proposed for water control quality can be employed as an alternative to standard methods. / Novas metodologias analíticas são propostas nesta Tese para a determinação físicoquímica de pH, Alcalinidade, Dureza Total, Dureza Cálcio, Dureza Magnésio, Cloreto, Fluoreto e Ferro Total de águas potáveis utilizando Análise Multivariada de Imagens (MIA) associada à Regressão Multivariada por Mínimos Quadrados Parciais (PLS). Imagens digitais de amostras obtidas por um scanner de mesa foram empregadas para construir modelos de calibração multivariada. Amostras foram preparadas em laboratório para cada parâmetro investigado. Os modelos PLS foram obtidos de imagens digitais nos espaços RGB, HSI, XYZ e YCbCr, com 300 dpi de resolução e formato de arquivo BMP. As análises foram realizadas em micro-volumes amostrais, sendo necessários 200,0 μL de amostras por análise. O modelo PLS para determinação do pH forneceu RMSEP = 0,16. Já para Alcalinidade, Dureza Total, Dureza Cálcio, Dureza Magnésio, Cloreto, Fluoreto e Ferro Total os valores de RMSEP foram iguais a 0,03, 1,20, 2,01, 0,07, 0,04 e 0,06 mg L-1, respectivamente. Todos os modelos foram avaliados utilizando Figuras de Mérito (FOM) buscando contemplar os parâmetros nacionais de validação de novos métodos analíticos. Para o modelo PLS desenvolvido para determinação de pH, apresentou média dos erros relativos obtidos da diferença entre os valores previstos e os valores de referência, sendo igual a 0,20%. Para Alcalinidade, Dureza Total, Dureza Cálcio e Dureza Magnésio, foram encontrados valores das médias dos erros relativos iguais a 0,85, 9,46 e 9,44%, respectivamente. Já os modelos desenvolvidos para Cloretos, Fluoretos e Ferro, apresentaram valores menores, com médias dos erros relativos iguais a 1,01, 5,15 e 1,33%. Os modelos desenvolvidos foram validados utilizando amostras reais, além de comparados com métodos de referência através de testes de exatidão e de precisão. Todos os métodos desenvolvidos apresentaram exatidão estatisticamente equivalentes aos valores obtidos pelos métodos convencionais (tcal < tcrítico, 􀀁 = 0,05). Todos os modelos desenvolvidos, com exceção dos modelos de Dureza Total, Dureza Cálcio e Dureza Magnésio, apresentaram previsão estatisticamente equivalentes aos métodos convencionais (Fcal > Fcrítico, 􀀁 = 0,05). Dessa forma, as metodologias analíticas desenvolvidas nesta Tese são alternativas aos métodos analíticos convencionais, apresentando vantagens como menor quantidade de amostras (200,0 μL), menor quantidade de reagentes (40,0 μL), menor quantidade de solução indicadora (4,0 μL), menor quantidade de resíduos por amostra (400,0 μL), além da mobilidade dos métodos, não necessitando de laboratórios específicos para análise das amostras.
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Estudos de relações quantitativas estrutura-atividade de antagonistas do receptor sigma-1 / Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship studies of Sigma-1 receptor antagonists

Laise Pellegrini Alencar Chiari 06 June 2017 (has links)
A dor neuropática atinge cerca de 6 a 10% da população global e estima-se o seu aumento nos próximos anos. Essa síndrome não tem cura e afeta consideravelmente a qualidade de vida das pessoas por ela acometidas. Os medicamentos utilizados atualmente para o seu tratamento, como antidepressivos, anticonvulsivantes, opióides, dentre outros, não proporcionam um resultado satisfatório pelo fato de não reduzirem consideravelmente os sintomas e/ou por terem muitos efeitos colaterais. Pesquisas recentes mostram que o receptor sigma-1 pode ser utilizado no tratamento da dor neuropática. Verificou-se na literatura uma nova série de pirimidinas que são capazes de se ligar ao receptor sigma-1, atuando como seus antagonistas, sendo potenciais alvos para a produção de fármacos que podem ser utilizados no tratamento da dor neuropática. Então, estudos de Relações Quantitativas Estrutura-Atividade (QSAR) foram realizados utilizando os métodos de Mínimos Quadrados Parciais (PLS) e Redes Neurais Artificiais (ANN) para prever a atividade biológica dessa série de pirimidinas. Os resultados obtidos se mostraram satisfatórios tanto para o método de PLS (r2 = 0,877, q2 = 0,800 e r2teste = 0,738), quanto para o método de ANN (r2trein = 0,734, r2val = 0,753 e r2teste = 0,676), mostrando que o conjunto de compostos antagonistas do receptor Sigma-1 pode ser descrito tanto de forma linear quanto de forma não-linear. / Neuropathic pain affects about 6 to 10% of the global population and it is estimated to increase in the coming years. This syndrome has no cure and considerably affects the life quality of people affected by it. Medications currently used for its treatment, such as antidepressants, anticonvulsants, opioids, among others, do not provide a satisfactory result because they do not significantly reduce the symptoms and/or have many side effects. Recent research shows that the sigma-1 receptor can be used in the treatment of the neuropathic pain. A new series of pyrimidines have been found in the literature, which are capable of binding to the sigma-1 receptor, acting as its antagonists, and have been synthesized as potential targets that can be used in the treatment of the neuropathic pain. Therefore, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) were performed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) methods to predict the biological activity of this series of pyrimidines. Through the mathematical models obtained by PLS (r2 = 0.877, q2 = 0.800 and r2test = 0.738) and ANN (r2trein = 0.734, r2val = 0.753 and r2test = 0.676) methods, it was showed that they were able to predict the biological activity of the studied pyrimidines.

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