5 SUMMARY Context: Acute methanol poisoning is a life-threatening condition. Methanol is metabolized in the organism to formaldehyde and than to formic acid, which inhibits cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondria and thus contributes to the development of oxidative stress. Aim: To study the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of acute neuronal damage to the central nervous system (CNS), in the development of long-term sequelae of methanol poisoning and chronic neurodegenerative processes in the years following acute methanol exposure. Material and Methods: Methanol intoxication was confirmed analytically in 55 patients included in he d ; hei age a he ime f i ning a 46.7 3.6 ea (9 female and 46 male ). All a ien , together with 41 control subjects, were examined in a prospective longitudinal cohort study. At admission, during hospitalisation, and at regular intervals after discharge during the follow-up, the patients were sampled for serum concentrations of lipid oxidative damage markers 4-hydroxy-trans-2- hexenal (HHE), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-isoprostane, for nucleic acids oxidative damage markers 8-hydroxy-2 -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8- OHG), 5- (hydroxymethyl) uracil (5-OHMU), for proteins oxidative damage markers ortho-tyrosine (o- Tyr),...

Operation Gold (1953-56) was a collaborative covert operation between the American CIA and British SIS. The two major objectives: firstly, rebalance the state of affairs in covert activity, which the KGB had been dominating heading into the 1950s. Secondly, gain more detailed, valuable information on the state of Soviet forces throughout Europe and gain prior warning of possible information. The technological nature of the operation marks it as the beginning of a move away from traditional espionage. Understanding the narrative of Operation Gold establishes a firm foundation on which to address the development of covert activity into the modern day. Key elements of the story of the Berlin Tunnel serve to tie this lesser known operation to modern concerns of privacy, personal data, and covert involvement in international affairs. While unravelling the truest narrative of the planning and implementation of the operation, this thesis integrates substantial events, groups and people which shape the role of the Berlin Tunnel in understanding covert conflict. Further consideration is also given to how this operations legacy unfolded and the role of the media in understanding events in this separate sphere. Lessons about the covert sphere not only address a sub-narrative of 1950s Cold War but reach conclusions pertinent to the 21st century.

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Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-02-09T13:50:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA16MA196.pdf: 1190089 bytes, checksum: 039f2fe39a69b26fd86f62fec3427436 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-09T13:50:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA16MA196.pdf: 1190089 bytes, checksum: 039f2fe39a69b26fd86f62fec3427436 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-19 / PROMOP / It is described epidemiology, clinical signs and lesions of a disease that leads to photosensitization and death in sheep and goats. Spontaneous disease occurred in the city of Abelardo Luz, SC. A flock of 350 sheep and 278 goats grazing Brachiaria hybrid cv. mulato I, 27 animals got sick, which 17 died and 10 recovered after being removed from the pasture. The disease was characterized by tearing, hyperaemia, swelling of the face, ears and eyelid followed by crusting, serous nasal discharge, ulcers on the cornea and sclera and conjunctiva slightly yellowish. Six sheep and eleven goats were necropsied on the property. The macroscopic lesions were brownish liver, distended gallbladder and lumpy bile, brownish kidneys with red dots on surface. Through microscopy were observed mild to moderate lesions in liver mainly characterized by swelling and vacuolation of hepatocytes, megalocytosis, periportal fibrosis, biliary hyperplasia, small clusters of macrophages and infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages were present in the periportal area. Crystal negative images were detected within bile ducts. Kidney tubules were dilated ranging from mild to severe with glomerular tuff contraction and distension of Bowman space. Through experiments, four sheep fed Brachiaria hybrid cv. mulato II ad libitum for 90 days showed no clinical changes / Descreve-se a epidemiologia, sinais clínicos e lesões de uma enfermidade em ovinos e caprinos que cursa com fotossensibilização e morte. A doença espontânea ocorreu no município de Abelardo Luz, SC. De um rebanho de 350 ovinos e 278 caprinos, de corte, mantidos em pastagem de Brachiaria híbrida cv mulato I, adoeceram 27, dos quais, 17 morreram e 10 recuperaram-se após terem sido removidos do local. A enfermidade caracterizou-se por lacrimejamento, hiperemia, inchaço das faces, das orelhas e das pálpebras seguidas de formação de crostas, corrimento nasal seroso, ulcerações na córnea e esclera e conjuntiva levemente amarelada. Seis ovinos e onze caprinos foram necropsiados na propriedade. As lesões macroscópicas observadas foram fígado de coloração castanha, vesícula biliar com conteúdo aumentado e bile grumosa, rins acastanhados com pontos vermelhos na superfície. Pela microscopia foram observadas no fígado, lesões de intensidade leve a moderada caracterizadas principalmente por tumefação e ou, vacuolização de hepatócitos, megalocitose, fibrose periportal, proliferação biliar, pequenos aglomerados de macrófagos e infiltrado de eosinófilos, neutrófilos e macrófagos na periferia do lóbulo. Na luz de ductos biliares encontravam-se imagens negativas de cristais. Nos rins havia dilatação de túbulos renais variando de leve a acentuada com contração de tufo glomerular e distensão do espaço de Bowman. Através de experimentos 4 ovinos receberam Brachiaria híbrida cv mulato II ad libitum pelo período de 90 dias e não manifestaram alterações clinicas

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-04T15:19:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PAULO ROBERTO QUEIRÓS - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2016..pdf: 918901 bytes, checksum: 6b56904527605057f88b6008ef2a279f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-04T15:19:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PAULO ROBERTO QUEIRÓS - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2016..pdf: 918901 bytes, checksum: 6b56904527605057f88b6008ef2a279f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / O agronegócio no Brasil tem causado importantes transformações no território, com impactos significativos sobre a saúde humana em função da intensa utilização de agrotóxicos. Dentre estes impactos sobre a saúde humana, um dado preocupante é o aumento da incidência de intoxicação por agrotóxico (agrotóxico e agrotóxico de uso agrícola) em todo o país. O objetivo do estudo é analisar a incidência de intoxicações por agrotóxicos e as características epidemiológicas no Brasil, no período de 2001 a 2014. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, de séries temporais, bem como descritivo. Os dados foram submetidos a tratamento estatístico através do modelo de regressão polinomial, teste MannWhitney e Teste Kruskal-Wallis, para estas análises, foi adotado um nível de significância de 5%. Utilizou-se também, análise estatística descritiva simples. A análise dos dados foi realizada pelo programa SPSS 20.0®. Foram notificados 80.069 casos de intoxicação por agrotóxico no período de 2001 a 2014, apresentando um crescimento linear exponencial de intoxicação por agrotóxico nesta população, cuja taxa de intoxicação foi de 0.377. No período, as Regiões Sul e Centro-Oeste apresentaram as maiores taxas de intoxicação. Em relação ao comportamento da circunstância da intoxicação, houve relação significativa para a tentativa de suicídio. Quanto à intoxicação por agrotóxico de uso agrícola, foram notificados 25.106 casos no período de 2007 a 2014. Neste período, houve um crescimento linear significativo de intoxicação por agrotóxico de uso agrícola nesta população, cuja taxa de intoxicação foi de 0.1644. No período, houve comportamento heterogêneo entre as taxas de incidência por unidades federativas, todavia, as taxas indicam crescimento por todas as regiões do Brasil. Das dimensões sócio-demográficas, a maioria das intoxicações ocorreram no Brasil em vitimas na faixa etária 20-59 anos (74,7%), sexo masculino (71,0%.), de pele branca (43,8%), zona urbana (54,1%), com apenas o ensino fundamental (42,4%). Para os aspectos relacionados à intoxicação, a maioria das intoxicações por agrotóxicos de uso agrícola no Brasil indicou a circunstância tentativa de suicídio (38,2 %), cura sem sequela (82,3%) e a exposição aguda-única (78,7%). Nesse sentido, o país precisa aprimorar as políticas voltadas a intoxicação por agrotóxico desenvolvendo medidas eficazes para a prevenção e diagnóstico precoce das pessoas intoxicadas. Em longo prazo, cabe desenvolver novos estudos para compreender se as medidas tomadas foram eficazes para reduzir as tendências e percentuais apontadas neste estudo. / Brazilian’s agribusiness has caused important transformation around the country, with significant impacts on human health due to the big use of pesticides. Among these impacts due the human health, the increased toxicity about pesticides (pesticides and agricultural pesticides) in Brazil is concerning. The objective of this study is to analyze the incidence of pesticide poisoning and epidemiological characteristics in Brazil, from 2001 to 2014. This is an ecological study, time series, as described. Data were analyzed statistically by polynomial regression model, Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test. These analyzes it adopted a 5% significance level. Also it was used descriptive statistical analysis simple. For the processing of the data was used SPSS 20.0® program. 80,069 cases of pesticide poisoning were reported in the period 2001-2014, with an exponential linear growth of poisoning by pesticides in this population, whose poisoning rate was 0.377. During the period, the South and the Midwest had the highest intoxication rates. Regarding the behavior of the condition of intoxication, there was a significant relationship to the suicide attempt. As for the pesticide poisoning of farm sweat, 25,106 cases were reported from 2007 to 2014. During this period, there was a significant linear growth of poisoning by pesticides for agricultural use in this population, whose poisoning rate was 0.1644. That moment, there were divergent behavior between the incidence rates for federal units, however, the rates show growth in all regions of Brazil. Sociodemographic dimensions, most poisonings occurred in Brazil in victims aged 20-59 years (74.7%), male (71.0%.), White skin (43.8%), area urban (54.1%), just primary education (42.4%). The analysis of socio-demographic dimensions of Regions indicated most of intoxication of victims of pesticide use in agriculture in the age group 20-59 years old in the Southeast (74.8%), male in the Southeast Region (72.7% ). Brown-skinned individuals were more frequent in the North, Northeast and Midwest while, in the Southeast and South, there was a higher percentage for white skinned individuals, urban exposure zone (55.7%) in the Southeast and elementary school (56.3%) in the South. For aspects related to intoxication, most poisonings from pesticide poisoning in Brazil indicated the circumstance suicide attempt (38.2%), healing without sequelae (82.3%) and acute-single exposure (78.7%). The evaluation of aspects related to poisoning by pesticide use in agriculture by Region indicated the attempted suicide as the most frequent in the Northeast (60.5%), without sequel healing in the South (87.7%) and acute-single in Southeast (76.6%). Therefore, the country needs to improve policies to poisoning by pesticides, developing effective measures for the prevention and early diagnosis of intoxicated people. In the future, it must be developing new studies to understand if the measures taken have been effective in reducing the tendencies and percentages cited in this study.

This thesis deals with the introduction to the security mechanism.The procedure explains the basic concepts, principles of cryptography and security of modern protocols and basic principles that are used for information transmission network. The work also describes the most common types of attacks targeting the eavesdropping of communication. The result is a design of the eavesdropping and the implementation of an attack on the secure communication of the SSL protocol..The attacker uses a false certificate and attacks based on poisoning the ARP and DNS tables for this purpose. The thesis discusses the principles of the SSL protocol and methodology of attacks on the ARP and DNS tables.

Aujourd'hui, l'accumulation des risques associés à des facteurs comme l'urbanisation croissante, le changement et la variabilité du climat, le terrorisme, les épidémies ou pandémies animales et humaines ainsi que la mobilité accrue des personnes et des biens de par le monde, ont accru le potentiel perturbateur voire destructeur de divers types de catastrophes. Des plans de gestion de crises sont élaborés pour gérer au mieux la catastrophe engendrée voire l’éviter. L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est de développer des outils d’aide à la décision pour supporter les différentes phases du plan de gestion de crises dédiés aux établissements de soins à domiciles, notamment les phases de préparation et de réponse. Un ensemble de scénarios à étudier prioritairement en considérant les différentes sources de crises et les processus métier impactés, quant à leur fréquence et leurs impacts humain et matériel, a été défini. Une approche originale d’analyse de vulnérabilité basée sur la théorie des graphes et des matrices a été développée. Le but est de pouvoir mesurer l’impact des différentes crises sur la structure d’hospitalisation à domiciles en termes d’acteurs et de flux échangés. En se basant sur cette phase d’évaluation, nous avons proposé : une classification des acteurs de l’HAD, des méthodes pour la conception des stratégies et des contremesures de mitigation pour chaque classe d’acteurs. La problématique d’accès aux soins dans le cadre d’un scénario d’intoxication massive a été abordée. Un modèle de programmation linéaire a été proposé pour simuler le scénario étudié et évaluer ses conséquences. Il modélise l'infection d'origine alimentaire et la réponse médicale dans le cadre d’une collaboration HAD-Hôpital, c.-à-d., un plan blanc élargi. La problématique d’accès aux domiciles des patients a été investiguée dans le cadre d’un scénario de type crue, épisode neigeux etc. L'outil proposé fournit un plan d'évacuation pour les patients critiques à évacuer et un plan de soutien à domicile pour les patients à risque faible qui seront maintenus à domicile, ceci en utilisant des regroupements basés sur l'évaluation du risque de chaque patient. / Today, the accumulation of risks associated with factors such as increasing urbanization, climate change and variability, terrorism, animal and human epidemics or pandemics and enlarged mobility of people and goods have increased the disruptive and even destructive impact of various types of disasters. Crisis management plans are developed to better manage the crisis or even to avoid it. The purpose of this research is to develop decision aid tools to support the different phases of the crisis management plan for home health care (HHC) structures, mainly for preparation and response phases. A set of scenarios, considering the different sources of crises and the impacted business processes, with regard to their frequency and their human and material impacts, have been defined. An original approach of vulnerability analysis based on graph theory and matrix methods has been developed. The objective is to measure the impact of different crises on the HHC structure in terms of actors and exchanged flows. Based on this assessment phase we have proposed a classification of HHC actors. Different methods have been proposed for the design of mitigation strategies and countermeasures for each class of actors. The problem of access to care in the context of a scenario of massive intoxication is considered. A linear programming model has been proposed to simulate the studied scenario and evaluate its consequences. It models a foodborne infection and its medical response as part of a HHC-Hospital collaboration, in the framework of an extended white plan. The issue of access to patients' homes has been investigated in the context of a flood-like scenario. The proposed tool provides an evacuation plan for critical patients to evacuate and a home support plan for low-risk patients who will be kept at home, using clustering based on each patient's risk assessment.

Ziel der vorliegenden Promotionsarbeit war die Entwicklung einer Methode zur Quantifizierung saurer Zentren auf Festkörperoberflächen mittels 15N-Festkörper-NMR-Spektroskopie von adsorbierten Pyridinmolekülen. Die 15N-Festkörper-NMR von adsorbiertem Pyridin ermöglicht die Unterscheidung verschiedener Arten von sauren Zentren, wie Lewis- und Brønsted-Zentren. Die Bestimmung der Art und der Konzentration auftretender saurer Zentren ist entscheidend, um die katalytische Aktivität fester Katalysatoren in einer Reaktion zu verstehen. Da 15N-NMR-Messungen zumeist zeitaufwendig sind, wurde in dieser Arbeit eine zeitoptimierte Messroutine entwickelt, die auf der Messung von 15N-Einzelpuls-Spektren mit kurzen Pulswiederholzeiten beruht. Um diese Spektren quantitativ auswerten zu können, müssen die detektierten NMR-Signale bezüglich ihrer T1-Relaxation korrigiert werden. Zudem treten in 15N-Einzelpuls-NMR-Spektren oft starke Störungen der Basislinie auf. Zur Unterdrückung dieser Störsignale wurde die EASY-Methode entwickelt, die auf der Messung von zwei schnell aufeinander folgenden Spektren basiert. Mittels dieser Methode können auftretende Störsignale in quantitativen 15N-NMR-Spektren unterdrückt werden. Die entwickelte zeitoptimierte Quantifizierungsmethode wurde an zwei Probenserien von festen Säuren getestet; zum einen an Aluminiumhydroxidfluoriden, als Vertreter von Verbindungen mit stark sauren Zentren, und zum anderen an hydroxylierten Magnesiumfluoriden, als Vertreter schwach saurer Verbindungen. Der Vergleich mit anderen quantitativen Methoden zeigte, dass die 15N-Festkörper-NMR-Spektroskopie von adsorbiertem Pyridin hervorragend für die Quantifizierung saurer Zentren geeignet ist und Einblicke in die katalytische Aktivität fester Katalysatoren ermöglicht. / The aim of the present dissertation was to develop a method for the quantification of acidic sites on solid surfaces by 15N solid-state NMR with pyridine as probe molecule. 15N NMR of adsorbed pyridine allows to distinguish different types of acidic sites like Lewis and Brønsted sites. The determination of the kind and concentrations of occurring acidic sites is crucial to understand the catalytic activity of a solid catalyst in a reaction.15N NMR measurements are often time-consuming. Hence, a time-optimized NMR quantification procedure was developed which uses 15N single pulse spectra with short pulse repetition delays. For quantitative analysis of these spectra, occurring signals were corrected according to their T1 relaxation. Furthermore, often strong baseline disturbances are observed in single pulse spectra. For the suppression of these disturbances, the EASY method was developed. The EASY method uses two successive scans to obtain quantitative NMR spectra, in which baseline disturbances are suppressed. The developed time-optimized method for the quantification of acidic sites was applied on two series of samples. One series of aluminum hydroxide fluorides as representatives of catalysts with strong acid sites and one series of hydroxylated magnesium fluorides as representatives of weak acidic catalysts. The comparison with other quantitative methods shows that 15N solid-state NMR of adsorbed pyridine is an excellent method for the quantification of acidic sites, because insights in the catalytic activity of a catalyst can be gained.