Dasineura sp. is a gall forming midge that was introduced into South Africa for the biocontrol of the Australian myrtle, Leptospermum laevigatum. It causes galls on both the vegetative and reproductive buds of the plant. Although Dasineura sp. was initially regarded as a potentially successful agent, galling up to 99 percent of the buds of the host plant, it has been preyed on by native opportunistic mites, which caused a decline in the performance of the midge as a biocontrol agent of L. laevigatum. This raised a concern about whether this fly will be able to perform effectively in the presence of its new natural enemies. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: 1) ascertain whether mite abundance has seasonal variations; 2) determine if plant density and plant size have an effect on midge predation by the mites; and 3) determine if midge predation varies in different locations. The study was conducted at three sites in the Hermanus area, Western Cape Province. Every three weeks for thirteen months, galls were collected and dissected so as to count and record the numbers of midge larvae, pupae, adults and mites that were found. Data collected showed that predation varied with season, and the mites were scarce during the flowering season. Predation also varied among the study sites and plant density had an effect on midge predation. Midges in smaller plants (saplings) were more vulnerable to predation than those in the bigger plants (plants from isolates and thickets). It was concluded that although mites have an effect on midge populations, they do not prevent their establishment on the plant. Therefore, a survey should be done in two to three years time to check if the midges are still persisting on the plant, vi and recommendations are that a new agent should be released to supplement the midges.

La prédation exercée par le Chat domestique (Felis silvestris catus) joue un rôle majeur dans la conservation de certaines espèces proies et la prévention de zoonoses. L'objectif de cette étude était d'identifier les facteurs de variation de cette prédation en milieu rural. L'étude a été conduite dans les Ardennes. La population étudiée comptait 143 individus, dont 44 % de chats de propriétaire (nourris ad libitum, 80 % stérilisés) et 56 % de chats de ferme (peu nourris, non stérilisés). Le DNA metabarcoding et le génotypage ont permis de détecter la fréquence d'apparition des aliments dans des fèces collectées sur le terrain et d'attribuer ces fèces à l'une ou l'autre des catégories de chats. Des individus ont été équipés de colliers GPS et d'accéléromètres tridimensionnels. L'éthogramme accélérométrique d'une séquence de chasse a été construit afin de pouvoir, à terme, relever les événements de prédation et de consommation des proies des individus équipés. Enfin, des variables associées à la prédation ont été mise en relation avec leur sociabilité envers les humains. Les chats ont essentiellement consommé des rongeurs et des aliments d'origine anthropique. En été, les chats de propriétaire chassaient aussi fréquemment que les chats de ferme, tandis qu'en hiver ils chassaient beaucoup moins souvent que ces derniers. Les chats de propriétaire ont de plus petits domaines vitaux que les chats de ferme. Les deux catégories de chats ont un rayon d'action restreint lorsque la pluviométrie est élevée et ont pour proies principales Microtus arvalis et Arvicola terrestris. Le degré de sociabilité des chats vis-à-vis des humains semble affecter leur succès de capture diurne de proies. / The predation exerted by the Domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) is of special concerns for conservation and prevention of zoonosis issues. This study aims to identify the factors of variation of the predation exerted by cats in a rural landscape. It has been conducted in the Ardennes region. The population studied was composed of 143 individuals, including 44% of house cats (fed ad libitum, 80% sterilized) and 56% of farm cats (poorly fed, not sterilized). DNA metabarcoding and genotyping technics allowed to detect occurrences of food items in field-collected feces and to attribute those feces to one or the other cat categories. Some individuals were equipped with a collar composed by a GPS unit and a tri-axial accelerometer device. The ethogram of a hunting sequence based on accelerometry was constructed to gather information concerning the occurrences of predation and the consumption of the preys by the equipped individuals. Finally, some variables associated to the predation were put in relation with the sociability of cats towards humans. The cats essentially consumed rodents and anthropogenic food. During the summer, the house cats were hunting as frequently as the farm cats, whereas during the winter they were hunting a lot less comparing to the farm cats. Both cat categories have smaller daily movement range during high rainfall periods and their main preys are Microtus arvalis and Arvicola terrestris. The sociability degree of the cats towards humans seems to affect their diurnal stalk success.

Suivant la libéralisation du marché aérien européen, les transporteurs aériens se sont déployésdans un environnement concurrentiel nouveau. Face à l’émergence des compagnies low cost,les compagnies traditionnelles ont renforcé leurs stratégies de consolidation (alliances etfusions) autour de leur hubs afin de connecter leurs réseaux et de générer des économiesd’échelle et de densité. Ces regroupements peuvent créer et renforcer les barrières à l’entréesur certains marchés et sur les principaux aéroports saturés. De plus, certaines pratiques ontcherché à empêcher l’arrivée de ces nouveaux entrants par des comportements restreignant laconcurrence (cartels, prédation, programmes de fidélisation discriminatoires, restrictionsverticales).Depuis 2004, la régulation du transport aérien s’est renforcée notamment à travers l’adoptiondes procédures antitrust communes et l’extension du contrôle aux alliances extraeuropéennes.La Commission a développé une approche globale au regard de la définition desmarchés, de l’évaluation des effets concurrentiels et a cherché à renforcer l’efficacité desmesures correctives en imposant la libération des créneaux horaires au profit des concurrents.Pour autant, entre la nécessité de promouvoir l’apparition de nouveaux entrants, la sauvegardedes intérêts du consommateur et la création nécessaire de « champions européens », lapolitique de régulation européenne est source de complexité et d’insécurité juridique pour laplupart des compagnies aériennes. / Following the liberalisation of the EU aviation market, airlines have competed in achallenging environment. Facing the emergence of low cost carriers, traditional carriersstrengthened their consolidation strategies (mergers and alliances), connecting hubs andnetworks in order to generate economies of scale and density. This consolidation can createand reinforce barriers to entry in certain routes and in major congested airports. In addition,some practices have sought to prevent the arrival of these new entrants by adoptinganticompetitive practices (cartels, predation, discriminatory loyalty programs and verticalrestraints).Since the adoption of new antitrust procedures (2004), the European Commission extendedits control of extra-European alliances and sought to implement a more efficient policy. TheCommission’s general approach is to identify the relevant markets, to assess the likely effectson competition and to propose remedies such as the release of slots. However, between theneed to promote the emergence of new entrants, the willingness to safeguard consumerinterests and the necessity to create real "european champions", the Commission’s policyremains an increasing source of complexity and legal uncertainty for most airlines.

Afin d'accroître leur survie et leur succès reproducteur, les espèces proies tentent de maximiser leur apport énergétique tout en évitant la prédation, induisant un compromis entre acquisition des ressources alimentaires et détection des prédateurs. Cependant, les ajustements comportementaux des herbivores impliqués dans ce compromis peuvent être influencés par de nombreux paramètres environnementaux, sociaux et individuels et varier entre individus d'une population. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif de mieux comprendre comment les herbivores proies ajustent leur compromis entre vigilance et approvisionnement en fonction du risque de prédation, du contexte social et de la disponibilité des ressources ; ainsi que d'étudier si ces ajustements varient entre individus. Basées sur l'étude de femelles kangourous gris de l'Est (Macropus giganteus) et de femelles impala (Aepyceros melampus), j'ai tout d'abord observé que bien que de nombreux facteurs influençaient la vigilance et l'approvisionnement à court terme, ces comportements étaient principalement influencés par la variation de la ressource à long terme. Ensuite, j'ai démontré que les variations de contextes écologiques et sociaux tels que le risque de prédation, la ressource alimentaire et la compétition induisaient des réponses comportementales différentes au regard de ce compromis, ainsi que sur la fonction et le coût de la vigilance. Enfin, j'ai observé l'existence de variations entre individus, plus ou moins exprimées dans différentes conditions. Il apparaît que les animaux régulent leur activité de vigilance afin de maximiser l'acquisition de ressources, ou d'informations sociales, tout en assurant leur sécurité / Prey species foraging under a risk of predation have to trade between food acquisition and safety from predation in order to increase their fitness. This trade-off is commonly investigated by studying the trade-off between foraging and vigilance activities. However, vigilance and foraging can be affected by numerous environmental, social, and individual parameters which can also vary seasonally and differ between individuals from the same population. In this context, the overall objective of my PhD was to better understand how herbivorous prey animals manage the feeding/vigilance trade-off at a fine scale, considering the wide range of variables that may affect it, individual variation, and the different functions of vigilance, using female eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) and impalas (Aepyceros melampus) as models. I observed that despite the many factors that shape vigilance and feeding rates over short time scales, these behaviours were mainly driven by variation in food resources over longer temporal scales. I also highlighted that predator and social contexts induced different behavioural responses in relation to this trade-off, and that decisions of prey to adjust their vigilance in terms of function and cost were driven by predation risk, food availability, and competition but varied between seasons. Finally, I observed that between-individual variation occurs for this trade-off but that this variation is context dependant. This thesis shows that prey animals constantly adapt their behaviour and strategies according to the situation they experience, in order to balance the acquisition of food and social information with staying safe

Both the upper and lower temperature tolerances of red fluorescent protein transgenic zebra danios and wildtype zebra danios, Danio rerio, were significantly different via two different methods; however, all differences are small (< 1°C) and probably not ecologically important. The U.S. geographic distributions of both transgenic and wildtype zebra danios will not be restricted by their upper thermal tolerances, but will be limited to the southern and western portions of the U.S. by their lower thermal tolerances. Largemouth bass did not preferentially prey upon transgenic zebra danios compared to wildtype danios or wildtypes relative to a native fish. If transgenic or wildtype zebra danios are released into southern or western U.S. waters, it is possible they could be eliminated by predation.

Orientador: João Vasconcellos Neto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T12:02:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cortinoz_JanainaRosa_M.pdf: 4578182 bytes, checksum: 437846becfcb9944124c33d6a5acf722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Plantas com sementes grandes, como palmeiras, são mais afetadas em áreas defaunadas. A redução de dispersores de sementes resulta em maior acumulo de sementes sob a planta-mãe, onde a predação e mais intensa. Roedores e besouros são os principais predadores de sementes de palmeiras e podem interagir entre si, competindo por sementes, ou com roedores predando larvas de besouros ao consumirem sementes previamente infestadas. Ainda, besouros podem ter suas larvas atacadas por vespas parasitóides. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os efeitos da dispersão e predação de sementes da palmeira Syagrus romanzoffiana por vertebrados sobre a predação de sementes por besouros e o ataque de parasitóides em locais que diferem entre si quanto a presença de vertebrados dispersores e/ou predadores de sementes. As coletas foram realizadas na Serra do Japi em Jundiaí, Reserva Municipal Mata de Santa Genebra, Bosque dos Jequitibás e no campus da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, em Campinas. A predação de sementes por vertebrados e besouros foi comparada entre as áreas. Dados a respeito da fenologia reprodutiva da palmeira e taxas mensais de remoção de frutos por vertebrados e predação de sementes pré e pós-dispersão por besouros foram coletados para avaliar como as interações ocorrem ao longo do período de frutificação da planta. A predação de sementes por besouros foi negativamente relacionada a predação por vertebrados, sendo maior em áreas onde vertebrados predadores de sementes estão ausentes ou em baixas densidades, como Unicamp e Mata de Santa Genebra. A predação por bruquídeos foi menor na presença de esquilos na Serra do Japi e cutias no Bosque dos Jequitibás, mas a predação por curculionídeos foi menor apenas na Serra do Japi. O que pode indicar que o consumo de sementes por vertebrados deve reduzir a quantidade de sementes disponíveis para besouros bruquídeos, e/ou que ha predação intraguilda de larvas de bruquídeos por esquilos e cutias, mas que cutias, provavelmente rejeitam sementes atacadas por curculionídeos. A produção de flores e frutos imaturos foi semelhante entre as áreas, mas o encontro de frutos maduros foi menor na Serra do Japi e com o pico de produção deslocado em relação as outras áreas, possivelmente devido a alta predação de sementes por esquilos nesse local. A predação de sementes pré-dispersão pelo besouro Revena rubiginosa (Curculionidae) ocorreu em todos os meses e o período de oviposição dos besouros não apresentou relação com a disponibilidade de frutos imaturos. Besouros das famílias Bruchidae e Scolytidae predaram as sementes pós-dispersão, que foi maior onde a remoção de sementes por vertebrados foi menor e não esteve relacionada a disponibilidade de frutos maduros e a predação pré-dispersão. Larvas de R. rubiginosa e de bruquideos foram atacadas por vespas parasitoides da família Braconidae na Unicamp e Mata de Santa Genebra. O período de oviposição das vespas não apresentou relação com as taxas de predação dos besouros, e sim com o clima. Dessa forma, como não foram encontrados indícios que sementes sejam recursos limitantes para besouros, a predação de sementes por esses insetos parece ser limitada pela remoção e predação de sementes por vertebrados. Na ausência de vertebrados dispersores e/ou predadores de sementes que controlem a predação por besouros o ataque de parasitóides as larvas e maior / Abstract: Plants with large seeds such as palm trees are more affected in defaunated areas. The absence of seed dispersers results in a higher accumulation of seeds beneath the parent plant, where seed predation is more intense. Rodents and beetles are major predators of palm seed and can interact with each other, competing for seeds. Rodents can also prey on beetles' larvae when consume seed previously infested, and beetles may have their larvae attacked by parasitoid wasps. Thus, the aim of this work was investigate the effects of seed dispersal and predation of the palm Syagrus romanzoffiana by vertebrates on seed predation by beetles and the parasitoid attack in areas that differ with regard to the presence of vertebrate seed dispersers and/or predators. Data was collected at four sites. One of them at Jundiai, at Serra do Japi, and other three at Campinas, SP: Mata de Santa Genebra Municipal Reserve, Bosque dos Jequitibas and Campinas State University's Campus. Seed predation by vertebrates and beetles was compared between areas. Data regarding to the reproductive phenology and monthly rates of pre- and post-dispersal seed predation by beetles were also collected to assess how the interaction occurs throughout of the fruiting season of the plant. Seed predation by beetles was negatively related to seed predation by vertebrates, being higher in areas where vertebrate seed predators are absent or present in low densities, as at Unicamp and Mata de Santa Genebra. Seed predation by bruchids beetles was lower in the presence of the squirrels at Serra do Japi and agoutis at Bosque dos Jequitibas, but seed predation by weevils was lower only at Serra do Japi. These findings may indicate that the consumption of S. romanzoffiana seeds by vertebrates should reduce the amount of seeds available for bruchids beetles, and/or there are intraguild predation on larvae of bruchids by squirrels and agoutis, but agoutis probably reject seeds infested by weevils larvae. The flower and unripe fruit production was similar in all areas, but ripe fruit production was smaller at Serra do Japi, with a displaced peak when compared to the other sites, probably due to the high seed predation by squirrel in this area. Pre-dispersal seed predation by the beetle Revena rubiginosa (Curculionidae) occurred in all months and the period of beetles' oviposition was not related to the unripe fruits availability. Bruchids and scolytids beetles prey on post dispersed seeds, which was greater where the seed removal by vertebrate was lower. Also the post dispersal seed predation was not related to the ripe fruits availability neither to the pre dispersal seed predation. Larvae of R. rubiginosa and bruchids were attacked by braconids wasps at Unicamp and Mata de Santa Genebra. The oviposition by parasitoids was not related to the rates of seed predation by beetles, but was related to the climate. Thus, in the lack of evidence that seeds are a restrict resource, the seed predation by these insects seems to be limited by seed removal and predation by vertebrates. In the absence of vertebrate seed dispersers and/or predators, which control the seed predation by beetles, the attack by parasitoids wasps is higher / Mestrado / Ecologia / Mestre em Ecologia

No presente estudo, duas espécies nativas, Hydra viridissima Pallas, 1766 e Hydra salmacidis Silveira, Gomes e Silva, 1997 foram estudadas visando obter informações sobre a biologia, a ecologia e a potencialidade destas espécies como organismos-teste em estudos ecotoxicológicos. Para isso, foram avaliados alguns aspectos de seus ciclos de vida, como as taxas de crescimento individual e populacional por meio do cultivo das hidras em laboratório, e foram investigados seus potenciais predadores e presas preferenciais dentre os principais componentes da comunidade de invertebrados aquáticos, presentes em corpos de água doce similares aos ambientes onde as espécies ocorrem naturalmente. Avaliou-se também o efeito de diferentes agentes tóxicos, tais como metais, sais, fármacos e surfactantes, às espécies estudadas, bem como seus efeitos sobre a capacidade de regeneração destas hidras. Além disso, avaliou-se a toxicidade de cianotoxinas e de amostras ambientais de água e sedimento aos organismos. Os resultados indicaram que macroinvertebrados, como as ninfas de Odonata, as larvas do Diptera Chaoborus sp. e os Copepoda Cyclopoida, além do peixe Poecilia reticulata, usuais predadores de invertebrados em águas doces, não consumiram as hidras, e que H. viridissima tem como presas preferenciais as fases jovens dos copépodos calanóides e pequenos cladóceros, enquanto que H. salmacidis, além destas presas, também tem preferência pelos organismos adultos dos copépodos calanóides. Os tempos de geração obtidos para as espécies de Hydra não diferiram significativamente entre si (5,2 ± 1,14 e 5,2 ± 0,79 dias para H. viridissima e H. salmacidis, respectivamente) e foram relativamente curtos, enquanto que H. viridissima apresentou um tempo de duplicação da população (6,38 ± 2,40 dias) significativamente maior do que H. salmacidis (4,11 ± 0,21 dias). Em relação à sensibilidade das hidras aos agentes tóxicos, as duas espécies foram bastante sensíveis quando comparadas a espécies de outros grupos de invertebrados rotineiramente utilizados como organismos-teste, e ora uma, ora outra espécie teve maior sensibilidade aos agentes tóxicos testados. Estas espécies nativas de Hydra são bastante adequadas para os estudos ecotoxicológicos por serem facilmente cultivadas, com baixo custo, e por responderem por meio de modificações morfológicas graduais às condições de crescente toxicidade, evidenciando, além das concentrações letais, as concentrações subletais de agentes tóxicos ou amostras ambientais. São, portanto, excelentes organismos-teste e devido à sua capacidade de regeneração podem ser utilizadas como indicadores de toxicidade. / In the present study, two native species, Hydra viridissima Pallas, 1766 and Hydra salmacidis Silveira, Gomes and Silva, 1997 were studied regarding their biology, ecology and performance as test organisms for ecotoxicological studies. Aspects of their life cycle such as individual and population growth rates were assessed by culturing them in the laboratory, and their potential predators and preferential preys were investigated among the main components of communities from water bodies similar to those in which the hydras naturally occur. Several acute ecotoxicological tests were performed to assess the effect of different compounds such as metals, salts, pharmaceuticals and surfactants to Hydra species. The effect of these toxicants on Hydra regeneration ability was also assessed. Besides that, tests were performed with cianotoxins and environmental samples of water and sediments. The results indicated that macroinvertebrates such as Odonata nymphs, Chaoborus sp. larvae (Diptera), Cyclopoida copepods, and the guppy Poecilia reticulata, usually predators of invertebrates in freshwaters, did not consume the hydras. It was also found that H. viridissima has positive food selection for the nauplii and copepodites of calanoid copepods and small cladocerans, whereas H. salmacidis, besides these preys, also have preference for adult calanoid copepods. Generation times did not significantly differ between the species of Hydra (5.2 ± 1.14 and 5.2 ± 0.79 days for H. viridissima and H. salmacidis, respectively) and were relatively short. H. viridissima had a population doubling time (6.38 ± 2.40 days) significantly longer than that of H. salmacidis (4.11 ± 0.21 days). Both species of Hydra had high sensitivity to the toxicant compounds tested when compared to other species of invertebrate groups routinely used as test organisms. Regarding the sensitivity to the compounds tested, one or the other species can be more sensitive depending on the compound. These native species of Hydra are suitable for as test organisms because: they can be easily and low costing laboratory cultured, and they respond to increasing toxicity by gradually changing their morphology showing lethal or sublethal effects of toxicants or contaminated environmental samples. They are therefore excellent test organisms and due to their ability to regenerate they can be used as toxicity indicators.

Dans ce travail de thèse, nous étudions des modèles mathématiques de la dynamique des populations en environnements déterministe et stochastique. Pour les environnements déterministes, nous considérons trois modèles. Le premier est un modèle intra-guilde prenant en compte des effets d'un environnement spatial hétérogène avec une migration rapide des individus entre les différents sites. Le deuxième est un modèle de pêche dans une zone constituée d’une aire marine protégée où la pêche est interdite et d’une zone où la population de poissons est pêchée. Enfin le troisième est un modèle prédateur-proie considérant une proie et deux prédateurs avec des réponses fonctionnelles de Beddington-DeAngelis. Pour les environnements stochastiques, nous étudions un modèle épidémique SIRS et un modèle prédateur-proie en prenant en compte un bruit télégraphique. Nous étudions le comportement dynamique de ces modèles et nous recherchons les conditions de maintien ou de disparition des espèces modélisées. / In this thesis, we consider mathematical population dynamics models in deterministic and stochastic environments. For deterministic environments, we study three models: an intraguild model with the effects of spatial heterogeneous environment and fast migration of individuals; a fishery model with Marine Protected Area where fishing is prohibited and an area where the fish population is harvested; a predator-prey model which has one prey and two predators with Beddington-DeAngelis functional responses. For stochastic environments, we study SIRS epidemic model and predator-prey models under telegraph noise. We try to present the dynamical behavior of these models and show out the existence or vanishing of species in the models.

The global amphibian population is rapidly declining. Although many threats that affect amphibians are known, there are many contributing factors which are not fully understood. For adult amphibians, the largest part of the mortality comes from predation. We know of many predators which prey upon amphibians, but to what extent they affect the populations has not been subject to much investigation. Neither has the effects of specific taxa or species of predators. Birds are reputed amphibian-eaters, and they often occur in the same habitats. Both birds and amphibians often select for wetlands and other water bodies with high biodiversity, that often support a high diversity and/or density of birds as well as amphibians. The fact that a prey might flourish in an area that one of its strongest predators also inhabits might seem controversial. Especially when taking into account that it is often the density of predators that best explains the population growth of prey species. In this review, I investigate what effects large amounts of birds might have on amphibian populations as a result of their predation on adults. I consider how the effects might differ with high vs low densities of both prey and predator, and whether an eventual effect might impact the survival of a metapopulation differently depending on its size and spatial distribution. As an example of a habitat where both bird and amphibian species occur in large numbers, I use Trönninge ängar - a bird conservation area just outside the city of Halmstad, where populations of both amphibians and birds have been increasing over the last years. My results show that high densities of predatory birds in such communities could potentially cause declines in amphibian populations, but that this impact is softened when the population is more widely distributed in the area. There are also possibilities that birds do not only affect amphibians by predation, but also might facilitate their distribution by reducing other predators. Thus, bird predation in itself might not be a sufficient predictor for their effect on amphibian populations, as the relationship might be more complex than simple predator-prey interactions.

Le cannibalisme intra-cohorte est l’acte de tuer et consommer tout ou partie d’un individu conspécifique du même âge. Longtemps considéré comme un artefact d’élevage, le cannibalisme est maintenant admis comme un phénomène naturel pouvant être soumis à des mécanismes de sélection. Chez les Téléostéens, il est majoritairement référencé au niveau des premiers stades de vie. En condition d’élevage, plusieurs facteurs biotiques et abiotiques ont été testés sans réussir à totalement l’éliminer chez de nombreuses espèces. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse a pour objectifs de mieux comprendre la mise en place et le maintien du cannibalisme, chez le sandre, en se focalisant sur le lien entre cannibalisme, personnalité et mise en place de l’ichtyophagie. Cette thèse a été divisée en trois parties : (i) description du cannibalisme chez les premiers stades de vie du sandre et étude de l’influence de certains facteurs d’élevage, (ii) détermination des traits de personnalité chez les juvéniles, et mise en évidence de l’apparition du comportement piscivore chez les larves, (iii) recherche des liens entre cannibalisme, personnalité et mise en place de l’ichtyophagie. Cette thèse a montré que les facteurs d’élevage testés n’ont pas d’influence sur le cannibalisme. Elle a permis de démontrer l’existence de syndromes comportementaux dès les premiers stades de vie, que l’ichtyophagie ne se mettait pas en place au même âge chez tous les individus et que celle-ci était liée à la personnalité. Nos résultats montrent, également, que le cannibalisme chez les premiers stades de vie du sandre serait lié à la mise en place d’une ichtyophagie précoce et non à une personnalité particulière. On peut en déduire que le cannibalisme ne repose pas, au cours du développement, sur les mêmes caractéristiques individuelles que l’ichtyophagie / Intra-cohort cannibalism is the act of killing and consuming the whole, or major part, of a conspecific individual of the same age. Most often considered as an artefact of captive conditions, it is now assumed that cannibalism is a natural phenomenon, which could be submitted to selection. In Teleosts, it is mostly found in early life stages. In rearing conditions, several biotic and abiotic factors have been already tested, yet without successfully stop it in several species. In this context, the aim of this thesis is to better understand the onset and the stability of cannibalism, in pikeperch, by focusing on the link between cannibalism, personality and the onset of ichtyophagy. This study comprised three main parts aiming at: (i) describing the cannibalism in early life stages and studying the impact of rearing factors, (ii) determining personality traits in juveniles and describing the onset of ichtyophagy in larvae, (iii) searching the link between cannibalism, personality and onset of ichtyophagy. This thesis showed that rearing factors have no impact on cannibalism. Furthermore, we found behavioural syndromes in early life stages and that the onset of ichtyophagy did not occur at the same time for all individuals. Our results highlight that cannibalism seems to be linked to the onset of ichtyophagy rather than individual personality. In conclusion, cannibalism is not due, throughout the development, to the same individual characteristics than ichtyophagy