The diploma thesis focuses on the practical use of project management methods and tools in a selected company. The introductory part of this work describes the theoretical knowledge of the issue, which includes the pre-project, project and post-project phases. Following is the analysis of the current state, which explains the emergence of the project and its implementation in the company. In conclusion, based on these outputs and specifics, the project solution itself is emergenced.

我國電機電子中心廠企業透過快速的供貨彈性、具競爭力的生產成本、與深厚的製造能力，以OEM/ODM或OBM的方式將產品銷售於全球，在產業供應鏈上扮演舉足輕重的地位，更成為國際大廠不可或缺的合作伙伴。當產品功能不斷推陳出新與創新式樣的同時，各國政府開始注意到產品所含的有害物質對人體與環境皆產生了威脅；生產端和產品廢棄端也產出大量的廢棄物而影響了生態環境，因此，環境保護和永續發展成了各國所重視的議題。例如，歐盟看準供應鏈間環環相扣的利益關係，積極將環保訴求跳脫以往道德勸說的層面而開始立法，希望以歐盟龐大的商業市場為後盾，讓製造商在研發、生產到回收的產品生命週期中，能夠有效降低有害物質的使用量，並建立方便使用者的回收的機制。 在市場瞬息萬變與激烈競爭的壓力下，企業已習慣以專案管理來滿足各時期不同的任務與市場之需求，因此，跨部門合作的專案團隊運作日益頻繁。我國電機電子中心廠企業接受到歐盟和國際大廠對於綠色產品之要求的環保規範與壓力，紛紛成立跨部門的專案團隊，進行供應商管理、研發和製程變革、及成本控管等任務。以往的文獻對於企業環保議題之研究與討論，大部分著重於企業綠色供應鏈管理之建置與環保法規的因應方式，本研究除了涵蓋這方面的探討，更著重於企業因應環保壓力而成立的綠色專案團隊之運作。。因此，本研究以多重個案的研究方式，針對我國電機電子中心廠企業之綠色專案團隊的組織方式與其知識管理程序進行研究，希望能進一步瞭解企業所面對的主要環保壓力來源為何？以及驅動成立綠色專案團隊的因素、團隊結構、與團隊運作之過程為何？ 本研究所得到的研究結論包括：1.不同事業模式的企業，對同一外部環保壓力來源有不同壓力強度的感受；2. 企業內部環保壓力的自發性改變往往是發生在外部環保壓力的推動之後；3. 專案特性為產品或製程的延伸變動、改良、或品質改進，如綠色產品專案，適合以輕量級團隊進行專案之運作；4. 輕量級專案經理在團隊知識管理程序裡的知識吸收、創造、蓄積與擴散之運作中，扮演主要的角色；5. 由中立的高階主管擔任跨部門專案團隊之專案贊助者（The Executive Sponsor），可避免發生決策偏頗之情形。從本研究對於實務上所提出的建議包括：1. 中心廠企業應有專責人員持續負責綠色產品的推動；2. 企業應創造內部人員成立跨部門專案團隊的機制；3. 由中立的高階主管擔任跨部門專案團隊的專案贊助者。 / When properties and designs of electrical and electronics equipments are renewed more and more quickly, many countries noticed that the waste produce during product life-cycle process by manufacturers, junk by end users, and hazardous substances of products are threatening human healthy and living environment increasingly. Therefore, European Union announced and entered into force of EU environmental directives that induced the industries to pay close attention on the surrounding environment impacts and the healthy & safety risk of people. Thus, we would expect that the electrical and electronics companies in our country faced challenges of Green-Product production. The Taiwanese core factories built up a cross-divisional Green Project Team which coordinated each function to team up with conformed the Green-product regulations by government and customers. However, most of the past studies in the Green-Product issue were focused on how to manage green supply chain efficiently, and how to reply to the Green-product regulations rightfully. Thus, we focus on the organization and knowledge management process of the Green Project team, this issue is rarely touched by researchers. For that reason, this research is more an “Exploratory Research” essentially. This research adopts “Case-Study Method”, looks into the K.M. process of a project team by interviewing with personnel of case companies and reading second-hand materials about the case companies. The study aims to investigate the questions: 1.What is the Green Environmental Pressure a company mainly received? 2. What are the motives of a core factory to build up a Green Project Team? 3. What is the structure of the Green Project Team, and how does the team work together? The preliminary research conclutions include: 1.Companies with different business models face different Green Environmental Pressure. 2. External Green Environmental Pressure influences a company first and then comes the Internal Green Environmental Pressure. 3. Operations of a Lightweight Project Team are suitable for the task of product or processing extension, and quality improvement, just like Green Project. 4. The key person in the knowledge management process is project manager in the Lightweight Project Team. 5. Biased-decision can be avoided by giving the position of cross-divisional executive sponsor to a neutral senior manager.

Dans un contexte où le monde du travail s’internationalise et où l’innovation est fondamentale, les organisations d’aujourd’hui doivent structurer le travail en tenant compte des distances géographiques et du besoin de bien performer dans les tâches reliées aux différents projets. Toutefois, le recours à des projets innovants et l’accès à des moyens de communication ne sont pas des conditions suffisantes pour assurer une performance adéquate. Différents facteurs, comme les compétences adaptées au travail virtuel et le degré de virtualité qui sépare les gens, doivent être pris en compte pour favoriser l’atteinte d’une bonne performance. De plus, afin de sélectionner les candidats qui seront en mesure de bien performer dans ce contexte, le recours à des outils d’évaluation appropriés et disponibles dans plusieurs langues est essentiel. Cette thèse présente en premier lieu un processus de traduction, d’adaptation et de validation en français et en anglais d’un outil en allemand visant l’évaluation des compétences requises lorsque le travail est organisé en mode distribué. Un premier article présente les limites fréquemment observées dans les études qui effectuent de telles adaptations. Un deuxième article met ensuite en lumière l’importance relative d’un ensemble de compétences liées à deux types de performances individuelles appropriées au travail en projet virtuel. Les résultats montrent que la créativité, l’autonomie, l’intégrité, la loyauté et la minutie sont directement liées à la performance proactive. Il est cependant nécessaire de prendre en compte l’effet positif de la perception de collaboration et l’effet négatif du degré de virtualité pour comprendre comment les compétences que constituent la motivation à apprendre, l’autonomie, l’intégrité, la loyauté et la minutie agissent sur la performance adaptative. En somme, cette thèse propose d’abord un processus rigoureux permettant l’adaptation, la traduction et la validation d’outils dans plusieurs langues. Ce processus permet d’éviter les limites auxquelles se buteraient des méthodes plus simples dans un contexte international où il est primordial d’avoir une très grande confiance en l’équivalence des instruments. Cette thèse représente également un avancement intéressant en ce qui a trait à la compréhension des différents déterminants de la performance individuelle lorsque le travail est organisé en projets virtuels. Des recommandations sont présentées afin de favoriser la performance individuelle, et des pistes de recherches futures sont également amenées pour continuer à approfondir les connaissances sur le sujet. / In a context where workplaces are becoming more internationalized, and where innovation is critical, today's organizations must structure jobs by taking into account geographical distance and the need to perform well in tasks related to different projects. However, innovative projects and access to communication tools are not sufficient conditions to ensure adequate performance. Various factors, such as skills relevant to teleworking and the degree of virtuality that separates people must be factored in to achieve good performance. Furthermore, in order to select candidates who will be able to perform well in this context, the use of appropriate and available assessment tools in several languages is essential. First, this thesis presents a process of translation, adaptation and validation in French and English of a German questionnaire used for the assessment of skills when work is organized in a distributed mode. The first article address limitations that characterize studies that perform such adaptations. A second article then highlights the relative importance of a set of competencies related to two types of individual performance suitable for projects in virtual mode. Results show that creativity, independence, integrity, loyalty and conscientiousness are directly related to proactive performance. However, it is necessary to take into account the positive effect of the perception of collaboration and the negative effect of the degree of virtuality to understand how competencies such as learning motivation, independence, integrity, loyalty and conscientiousness affect adaptive performance. In sum, this thesis first proposes a rigorous process to adapt, translate, and validate instruments in several languages. This process helps avoid common limitations simpler methods are prone to and is better adapted to an international context where it is essential to have great confidence in the equivalences of the instruments. This thesis is also an interesting advancement in regard to understanding the various determinants of individual performance when work is organized in virtual projects. Recommendations are given to foster individual performance, and suggestions for future research are also presented in order to further deepen knowledge on the subject.

Dans un contexte où le monde du travail s’internationalise et où l’innovation est fondamentale, les organisations d’aujourd’hui doivent structurer le travail en tenant compte des distances géographiques et du besoin de bien performer dans les tâches reliées aux différents projets. Toutefois, le recours à des projets innovants et l’accès à des moyens de communication ne sont pas des conditions suffisantes pour assurer une performance adéquate. Différents facteurs, comme les compétences adaptées au travail virtuel et le degré de virtualité qui sépare les gens, doivent être pris en compte pour favoriser l’atteinte d’une bonne performance. De plus, afin de sélectionner les candidats qui seront en mesure de bien performer dans ce contexte, le recours à des outils d’évaluation appropriés et disponibles dans plusieurs langues est essentiel. Cette thèse présente en premier lieu un processus de traduction, d’adaptation et de validation en français et en anglais d’un outil en allemand visant l’évaluation des compétences requises lorsque le travail est organisé en mode distribué. Un premier article présente les limites fréquemment observées dans les études qui effectuent de telles adaptations. Un deuxième article met ensuite en lumière l’importance relative d’un ensemble de compétences liées à deux types de performances individuelles appropriées au travail en projet virtuel. Les résultats montrent que la créativité, l’autonomie, l’intégrité, la loyauté et la minutie sont directement liées à la performance proactive. Il est cependant nécessaire de prendre en compte l’effet positif de la perception de collaboration et l’effet négatif du degré de virtualité pour comprendre comment les compétences que constituent la motivation à apprendre, l’autonomie, l’intégrité, la loyauté et la minutie agissent sur la performance adaptative. En somme, cette thèse propose d’abord un processus rigoureux permettant l’adaptation, la traduction et la validation d’outils dans plusieurs langues. Ce processus permet d’éviter les limites auxquelles se buteraient des méthodes plus simples dans un contexte international où il est primordial d’avoir une très grande confiance en l’équivalence des instruments. Cette thèse représente également un avancement intéressant en ce qui a trait à la compréhension des différents déterminants de la performance individuelle lorsque le travail est organisé en projets virtuels. Des recommandations sont présentées afin de favoriser la performance individuelle, et des pistes de recherches futures sont également amenées pour continuer à approfondir les connaissances sur le sujet. / In a context where workplaces are becoming more internationalized, and where innovation is critical, today's organizations must structure jobs by taking into account geographical distance and the need to perform well in tasks related to different projects. However, innovative projects and access to communication tools are not sufficient conditions to ensure adequate performance. Various factors, such as skills relevant to teleworking and the degree of virtuality that separates people must be factored in to achieve good performance. Furthermore, in order to select candidates who will be able to perform well in this context, the use of appropriate and available assessment tools in several languages is essential. First, this thesis presents a process of translation, adaptation and validation in French and English of a German questionnaire used for the assessment of skills when work is organized in a distributed mode. The first article address limitations that characterize studies that perform such adaptations. A second article then highlights the relative importance of a set of competencies related to two types of individual performance suitable for projects in virtual mode. Results show that creativity, independence, integrity, loyalty and conscientiousness are directly related to proactive performance. However, it is necessary to take into account the positive effect of the perception of collaboration and the negative effect of the degree of virtuality to understand how competencies such as learning motivation, independence, integrity, loyalty and conscientiousness affect adaptive performance. In sum, this thesis first proposes a rigorous process to adapt, translate, and validate instruments in several languages. This process helps avoid common limitations simpler methods are prone to and is better adapted to an international context where it is essential to have great confidence in the equivalences of the instruments. This thesis is also an interesting advancement in regard to understanding the various determinants of individual performance when work is organized in virtual projects. Recommendations are given to foster individual performance, and suggestions for future research are also presented in order to further deepen knowledge on the subject.

This thesis is a report concerning the practical aspects on exhibition techniques. During an internship at the National History Museum in Stockholm I participated in the work with their new, temporary exhibition Gränslöst - en global utställning på Historiska museet [Boundless - a global voyage of discovery at the National Historical Museum]. I was part of a small project team of museum staff. The purpose of this exhibition was to show how cultures have met and influenced each other throughout history. The National Historical Museum has in its collections and exhibitions several examples of objects that has been imported from or inspired by other cultural areas. The primary goal was to give the visitors a new perspective, to show that these “Swedish” objects have a long history of trading and cultural exchange. Additionally, Gränslöst is an attempt to draw the visitors into the permanent exhibitions; it is not an independent production and shares some characteristics with so- called “Hot spot” exhibitions. My ambition is to describe the planning, implementation and delivery of the exhibition and highlight problems and solutions that arise during that process.

This thesis deals with theory and practice of learning organizations applied to the IT project team. In theoretical part key definitions and terms related to the problems of the learning organization and the information society. At the same time gives a demonstrative interpretation of the self-learning organization by various authors and presents their specific models. As the fundamental, this thesis uses the theory of Peter Senge, with which it is being worked also in the practical part, where the IT project team is analysed of their behaviour, and compared to the results obtained with the theory of the five disciplines of Peter Senge. In conclusion there is a set of recommendations that could improve the functioning of the IT development team and achieve a greatest compliance with the learning organization concept.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2015-09-28T14:22:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria do Carmo Assis Todorov.pdf: 1756641 bytes, checksum: ed7a3f72acb1bd351ecf957f7fa8a327 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-28T14:22:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria do Carmo Assis Todorov.pdf: 1756641 bytes, checksum: ed7a3f72acb1bd351ecf957f7fa8a327 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-30 / In the latest decades, the search for competitive advantage has driven organizations to focus on project management. To succeed in this endeavor it is necessary the development of project team competences. Communication hurdles and the needs for leadership in project management are the main reasons that compromise the project success. Like in project management, the executive secretary functions evolved up to acquire capabilities to contribute with new mechanisms/routines to improve project processes, including socio-environmental projects. Considering that executive Secretary is a reliable allied to improve project communication in project teams, this research concentrates on the analysis of project manager’s perception regarding the executive Secretary’s contributions to, socio-environmental project management. In order to assure the possibility to relate executive Secretary’s competences with project’s team competences, one used the list of competences from National Curriculum Guideline of executive Secretary Program and the set of competences proposed by the International Project Management Association, to build a theoretical model, that was evaluated through structural modeling equations. Results show that executive Secretary competences adhere and contribute to improve project team management, allowing for an effective socio-environmental project management. Therefore, project managers can use executive Secretary to boost project success. The study also show contributions to executive Secretary undergraduate programs, pinpointing which competences need a better attention for student’s professional profile development. Results also show that some competences needing improvement are acquired during the executive secretary professional formation, requiring, therefore, that practicing project executive secretaries do hold a major in executive secretary. / Nas últimas décadas, a busca da vantagem competitiva levou as organizações a se preocuparem com o gerenciamento de projetos Para o sucesso do projeto é necessário o desenvolvimento das competências da equipe de projetos. As dificuldades de comunicação e a falta de liderança durante o processo são apontadas entre as razões que comprometem o sucesso do projeto. Do mesmo modo que a gestão de projetos o Secretário Executivo também evoluiu e se capacitou para contribuir com novos mecanismos/rotinas para a melhoria dos processos em projetos, inclusive em projetos socioambientais. Considerando que o Secretário Executivo pode ser um forte aliado para melhorar inclusive a comunicação, nas equipes de projetos, nesta pesquisa se propôs a analisar qual a percepção do gerente de projetos quanto a contribuição do Secretário Executivo na gestão de projetos socioambientais. De forma a relacionar as competências do Secretário Executivo com as competências da equipe de projetos, optou-se por utilizar as competências das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Secretariado Executivo e o olho de competências proposto pela International Project Management Association, para a construção de um modelo teórico, que foi analisado por meio da modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados demonstraram que as competências do Secretário Executivo são aderentes e contributivas na equipe de gestão de projetos, que permite uma gestão eficaz de projetos, inclusive socioambientais. Com este resultado, constatou-se que os gerentes de projetos poderão buscar no SE um apoio para alcançar o sucesso dos projetos. O estudo também apresentou contribuições para os cursos de graduação em secretariado, apontando competências que necessitam de melhor atenção para formação dos estudantes de secretariado. Os resultados mostraram ainda que das competências que precisam ser aperfeiçoadas são aprendidas na formação do profissional, sendo assim, é fundamental que esse profissional seja graduado em secretariado.

The diploma thesis is focused on the practical use of project management methods and tools in a selected company. The aim of the diploma thesis is to create a project for the implementation of an information system. The introductory part of this work deals with the theoretical basis of the issue and covers all phases of the project. The next part is focused on the analysis of the current state of the company. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the project itself, where the output of the thesis is a compiled project for the implementation of an information system.

The diploma thesis focuses on project management – managing of software development activities. It explains a basic terms of given issue and it also deals with advantages and disadvantages of some known practices and methods which are often followed when developing software. The practical part includes an analysis and evaluation of concrete project. This project is then the base for designing an optimization of software development methodology. Designed optimization will be able to help manage similar projects in future.

Agila metoder används främst inom IT-sektorn och syftet med dessa metoder är att uppnå en ökad effektivitet och produktivitet. Metoderna främjar ett närmare samarbete mellan projektgrupper och kund. En ökad involvering av kund inom utveckling resulterar i kontinuerlig återkoppling på resultat och projektgrupper kan enklare försäkra sig om projektet håller sig inom ramen för att nå slutmålet med produkten. Metoderna bidrar även till en ökad flexibilitet och hantering av krav och förändringar som tillkommer under projektets gång. Teorin bakom agila metoder är tydlig, dock saknas studier som visar huruvida teorin stämmer överens med agila metoders användning i praktiken. Denna kandidatuppsats ämnar studera skillnaden mellan dessa. Studien baseras på en kvalitativ undersökning och ett omvänt deduktivt angreppssätt. Tre respondenter med olika yrkesroller inom systemutveckling har deltagit i studien för att ge ett bredare perspektiv. Resultatet visar en överenstämmelse mellan teori och praktik. Teorin beskriver utförligt hur en agil metod bör användas, vilka komponenter och roller som bör inkluderas för att nå ett tillfredställande resultat. Praktiken visar att verksamheter komponerar ihop egna metoder mer anpassade efter verksamheten och dess arbetsuppgifter. Verksamheter utgår från synsättet att ingen enskild metod är prefekt. Slutsatsen baserad på resultatet styrker praktiken, verksamheter undviker den begränsningen som medföljer genom att enbart nyttja en metod. Verksamheter som tidigare inte arbetat agilt inleder med att implementera en metod för att erhålla kunskaper kring hur arbetet bör utföras för att nå ett mer agilt tillstånd och vid ett senare skede utveckla dessa metoder för att anpassa dessa efter verksamheten. / Agile methods are most commonly used within system development and allow increased efficiency and productivity. Agile methods promote close collaboration between project groups and customers. Increased involvement of customers in the development process results in continuous feedback on the results, hence, project groups can more easily ensure that project requirements are met. Further, agile methods contribute to increased flexibility and management of requirements and changes that will occur during the project. The theory behind agile methods is clear, however, there are no studies that show whether the theory is consistent with the use of agile methods in practice. This thesis aims to study the difference between theoretical guidelines and the practical use. The study is based on a qualitative and deductive approach. Three respondents with two different professional roles in system development participated in the study to provide a broad perspective. The theory describes in detail how an agile method should be used, what components and roles should be included to yield positive outcome. The practice shows that companies compose their own methods more adapted to the business, based on the view that no single method is perfect. However, companies that have not previously worked agile began to implement a single method for gaining knowledge about how to most efficiently achieve a more agile state and later develop these methods to adapt the to the specific business. These results suggest a consistency between theory and practice. The conclusion based on the results reinforces the practical view, businesses avoid the constraint that comes with using only a single method.