Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka huruvida upplevd stress påverkar alkoholkonsumtionen hos vuxna (individer från 18 år). De hypoteser som undersöktes var att riskfylld och skadlig alkoholkonsumtion varierar beroende på ålder och kön och att det finns ett positivt samband mellan upplevd stress och alkoholkonsumtion. Med andra ord, stress kan möjligtvis öka alkoholkonsumtionen genom att alkohol fungerar som en coping-mekanism för att hantera stress. Hypoteserna besvarades med kvantitativ metod. Ett urval av vuxna deltagare (N=49) besvarade en digital enkät bestående av frågeformulären AUDIT och PSS-10. Analysen genomfördes med hjälp av statistiska metoder, såsom t-test, korrelations- och regressionsanalyser. Resultatet visade att män hade högre alkoholkonsumtion än kvinnor, vilket stöds av andra studier. AUDIT korrelerade med de tre variablerna kön, ålder och stress men regressionsanalysen påvisade att endast ålder och kön predicerade AUDIT signifikant. Studiens resultat visade att kön och ålder predicerade AUDIT signifikant men stress predicerade inte AUDIT signifikant. Stress har ett samband med alkoholkonsumtion men studien kunde inte påvisa att stress exklusivt bidrar till alkoholkonsumtion, när kön och ålder togs i beaktande. I resultatet påvisades det att ålder hade ett negativt samband i korrelations- och regressionsanalysen gällande alkoholkonsumtion. / The purpose of this thesis was to investigate whether perceived stress affects alcohol consumption for an adult population (individuals from 18 years old). The hypotheses investigated were that risky and harmful alcohol consumption varies depending on age and gender and that perceived stress and alcohol consumption have a positive correlation, i.e., stress can cause an increase in alcohol consumption, in circumstances in which alcohol becomes a coping strategy for individuals under high levels of perceived stress. The hypotheses were investigated using quantitative methods. A sample of adult participants (N=49) answered a digital survey consisting of the AUDIT and PSS-10 questionnaires. The analysis was carried out using statistical methods, such as t-test, correlation, and regression analyses. The results showed that men had higher alcohol consumption than women, which is supported by other studies. AUDIT correlated with the three variables gender, age and stress, but the regression analysis showed that only age and gender predicted AUDIT significantly. The results of the study showed that gender and age predicted AUDIT significantly, but stress did not predict AUDIT significantly. Stress is associated with alcohol consumption, but the study could not demonstrate that stress exclusively contributes to alcohol consumption, when gender and age were considered. The results showed that age had a negative connection in correlation- and regression analysis regarding alcohol consumption.

O emprego de mudas pré-brotadas (MPB) de cana-de-açúcar, no sistema canavieiro, cresceu imensamente nos últimos anos. Entretanto, a carência de informações no manejo com herbicidas no sistema pode comprometer a tecnologia. Com o objetivo de compreender melhor os efeitos causados por diferentes herbicidas aplicados em pré e pós-transplantes das MPBs de cana-de-açúcar da variedade CTC4, este estudo foi conduzido em duas etapas em diferentes condições. Os tratamentos foram definidos com base nos herbicidas mais usuais do setor. Ambos os experimentos foram conduzidos no centro de pesquisa da FMC em Paulínia (SP), onde efeitos como fitotoxicidade, altura, produtividade, número de perfilhos, número de colmos e germinação foram avaliados. Para o experimento de campo, observou-se que apesar de injúrias iniciais causadas por diversos herbicidas, apenas o sulfentrazone promoveu redução de produtividade, entretanto todos tratamentos aos 60 dias após à aplicação não apresentavam sintomas de fitotoxidez. A partir desse primeiro estudo, foi realizado em casa de vegetação outro experimento, buscando analisar os mesmos herbicidas em diferentes posicionamentos de aplicação e em dois tipos de solo. Quando posicionado em pré transplante os sintomas de injúrias foram mais elevados, comprometendo o desenvolvimento de alguns tratamentos. Neste caso, o diclosulam mostrou-se o menos seletivo independentemente do tipo de solo estudado, seguido pelo clomazone. Entretanto, a literatura mostra que resultados de seletividade variam de acordo com as condições empregadas e principalmente variedades da cultura, assim, repetições deste estudo devem ser realizadas para possibilitar uma melhor compreensão e validação dos dados. / The use of pre-sprouted seedlings (PSS) of sugarcane in the sugarcane\'s system has grown immensely in recent years. However, lack of information on herbicide management in the system may compromise the technology. In order to better understand the effects caused by different herbicides applied in pre and post-transplantation of sugarcane MPBs variety CTC4, this study was conducted in two stages under different conditions. The treatments were defined based on the herbicides most common in the industry. Both experiments were conducted at the FMC research center in Paulínia (SP), where effects such as phytotoxicity, height, yield, number of tillers, number of stems and germination were evaluated. For the field experiment, it was observed that in spite of initial insults caused by several herbicides, only sulfentrazone promoted a reduction of productivity, however all treatments at 60 days after application did not present phytotoxicity symptoms. From this first study, another experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, trying to analyze the same herbicides in different application positions and in two types of soil. When positioned in pretransplantation the symptoms of injuries were higher, compromising the development of some treatment. In this case, diclosulam showed to be the least selective independent of the type of soil studied, followed by clomazone. However, the literature shows that selectivity results vary according to the conditions employed and mainly the crop varieties, thus, repetitions of this study should be performed to enable better understanding and validation of the data.

Submitted by Patrícia Valim Labres de Freitas (patricial) on 2016-04-06T17:40:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fábio Rovian Pereira Benevite_.pdf: 365231 bytes, checksum: 71248dc7b141a577811975ed180e7007 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-06T17:40:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fábio Rovian Pereira Benevite_.pdf: 365231 bytes, checksum: 71248dc7b141a577811975ed180e7007 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-14 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão da literatura acerca de temas correlatos à gestão de serviços industriais. Essa revisão objetivou identificar elementos que contribuam para a construção de um modelo destinado a apoiar o aprimoramento dos serviços industriais. Os achados dessa análise foram então caracterizados nos seguintes grupos: proposição de valor, segmentação de clientes, canais de distribuição, relacionamentos com os clientes, fontes de receitas, recursos-chave, atividades chave, parceiros-chave e estrutura de custos. Para cada uma das caracterizações foram propostas oportunidades de pesquisa que podem ser contempladas por futuros estudos.

Given the heterogeneity of symptoms allowed in the diagnosis of psychotic disorders, as well as other challenges of categorical diagnosis (e.g., First et al., 2002; Krueger, 1999), the increased specificity brought by dimensional ratings of underlying features is often important. Models using the factorial structure of psychotic symptoms perform as good as or better than traditional categorical models (Allardyce, Suppes, & Van Os, 2007). DSM-5 has provided such a system of ratings to aid clinicians, the Clinician Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity Scale (PSS; APA, 2013). In this approach, the clinician rates symptom severity in eight domains which emphasize traditional psychotic symptomatology, cognition, and mood. Given its accessibility and the support of the DSM-5, it is possible that the measure could achieve wide use. However, little is known about the measure and the challenges of applying it in clinical settings. This study is a conceptual analysis of the conceptual foundation of the PSS, including its psychometric properties, applications, and demonstrated validity. It is also compared to the widely used Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale – Revised (BPRS-R). The PSS is more concise that other measures, and five of the PSS domains parallel the DSM-5's "Key Features That Define the Psychotic Disorders" (p. 87-88) (although the brief instructions of the PSS differ at times from DSM-5 definitions, and little in the way of definition is offered in the PSS itself). In contrast, no rationale is given for adding the remaining three domains. The dimensional model of the PSS has similarities to the factor structure typically found for symptomatology in psychotic disorder, but a number of important differences are noted. The data required for making ratings is never defined, although the only mention of data that might be helpful for rating one of the domains depends upon extensive testing. Although anchors for the ratings might, at first glance, appear to be given in the PSS, in fact, they offer almost nothing beyond the adjectives of "equivocal," "mild," "moderate," and "severe." Finally, we found that very little research exists on the PSS, no field trial was done, psychometric properties are largely unknown, and normative data is unavailable. The PSS is brief and provides a quick way to rate the severity of the five key features of psychosis required by DSM-5 diagnoses. Thus, it can work as a quick quantification of these features. Beyond this its utility is unknown, and it appears to lack the specificity of other rating scales, such as the BPRS-R.

The relationship between stress and physical health has been well established in the medical and psychological literature. Mindfulness meditation is a practice that has been successfully used to reduce stress in several populations, and the construct itself has recently begun to be measured as a naturally occurring characteristic. A recent study demonstrating the significant relationships between mindfulness, stress, and physical health prompted the investigation in the present study of the possible mechanisms underlying these relationships. It was hypothesised that the relationship between mindfulness and physical health would be largely mediated by stress, and that in addition, mindfulness would explain a significant proportion of the variance in health after stress had been accounted for. Participants were 129 undergraduate students who completed a battery of self-report questionnaires including the Perceived Stress Scale, the Short-Form 36 Health Survey, and two recently developed measures of mindfulness; the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale and the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Perceived stress was shown to account for a large proportion of the relationship between mindfulness and health, and mindfulness was also shown to explain a significant proportion of the variance in physical health after stress had been controlled for. An additional finding was that acceptance demonstrated stronger relationships with both physical and mental health than any of the other components of mindfulness studied. Potential mechanisms of mindfulness that may help explain these findings are discussed.

<p>Den här undersökningen syftar till att svara på huruvida arbetsförmedlare anser arbetsförmedlingen som officiell institution behövs. Vidare undersöks arbetsmiljö, stress, stressorer och arbetsförmedlares bedömning av sin egen arbetsinsats. Undersökningen är kvantitativ och i form av enkät. Studien är begränsad till Gävleborgs län. Undersökningen bygger på 3 enkäter Arbetsförmedlares syn på sin arbetsinsats (ASSA) samt Percieved Stress Scale (PSS) och Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). Samtliga på vald arbetsplats med yrkestiteln arbetsförmedlare erbjöds att delta i undersökningen, totalt var det 31 personer som deltog. Undersökningen visar att tidspress är en stor stressor för arbetsförmedlare men vissa buffrar finns, så som socialt stöd och utbildning. PSS-resultat har jämförts individuellt mot HAD-resultaten och ett bekymmersamt resultat framkom, samtliga deltagare (10 %) som påvisar nedstämdhet har även mild till måttlig ångest och är stressade. Majoriteten av arbetsförmedlarna anser att arbetsförmedlingen behövs och är viktig för det svenska folket men endast hälften värderar sitt arbete som viktigare än det arbete rekryterings- och bemanningsföretag utför. Den ekonomiska kontrollen arbetsförmedlingen utövar ses inte som positiv och de arbetsmarknadspolitiska åtgärderna anses förslappa de arbetssökande. Slutledningen blir att arbetsförmedlingens roll i dagens samhälle är något utspelad.</p>

This report documents an MSc Thesis work of sub-transmission reliability study using PSS/Eperformed at Vattenfall. The network that is examined in this thesis is a sub-transmission network.Vattenfall Distribution Sweden is going to invest and rebuild the network in their 70 and 130 kVmeshed sub transmission network. To invest and rebuild in a network is very expensive. The gridowners want a reliable system that has a high reliability at a low cost.The main focus in this thesis is to examine different substation layouts. Calculating the failureintensities and unavailability for the different substation layouts gives the opportunity to do a life cyclecosts (LCC) on the different substations. With help of LCC calculations it is possible to find thesubstation that gives the lowest cost during a life time. Choosing right equipment in the grid will helpthe Vattenfall network company lower their equipment costs.The thesis work consists of mainly three parts as follows. Network modeling in PSS/EA subset of the existing sub transmission network was used in the project. This subset was taken outfrom the complete network model and modeled in PSS/E. Validation of PSS/E reliability modulesPSS/E reliability modules were new and have not been used earlier by the Vattenfall networkcompany. To be sure that the program calculates correctly a validation was performed. The main focusof the validation has been in looking if the program calculates the interrupted power correctly. Reliability analysis of different substation layoutsFor each of the substation layout the reliability was calculated. On component level (e.g. breaker,disconnector) different types of configuration were studied. To find out the best layout from aneconomical point of view a LCC calculation was also performed.The LCC calculation on the different substation layouts showed that the investment costs affect theresult very much. When the active power through the substation is low it is preferred to use asubstation that has low investment costs. At active power that is 30 MW or higher it is preferred to usethe substation with higher reliability (having higher investment cost). The result shows that using acombined breaker and disconnector instead of circuit breaker could lower the failure intensity andunavailability of substations.

Den här undersökningen syftar till att svara på huruvida arbetsförmedlare anser arbetsförmedlingen som officiell institution behövs. Vidare undersöks arbetsmiljö, stress, stressorer och arbetsförmedlares bedömning av sin egen arbetsinsats. Undersökningen är kvantitativ och i form av enkät. Studien är begränsad till Gävleborgs län. Undersökningen bygger på 3 enkäter Arbetsförmedlares syn på sin arbetsinsats (ASSA) samt Percieved Stress Scale (PSS) och Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). Samtliga på vald arbetsplats med yrkestiteln arbetsförmedlare erbjöds att delta i undersökningen, totalt var det 31 personer som deltog. Undersökningen visar att tidspress är en stor stressor för arbetsförmedlare men vissa buffrar finns, så som socialt stöd och utbildning. PSS-resultat har jämförts individuellt mot HAD-resultaten och ett bekymmersamt resultat framkom, samtliga deltagare (10 %) som påvisar nedstämdhet har även mild till måttlig ångest och är stressade. Majoriteten av arbetsförmedlarna anser att arbetsförmedlingen behövs och är viktig för det svenska folket men endast hälften värderar sitt arbete som viktigare än det arbete rekryterings- och bemanningsföretag utför. Den ekonomiska kontrollen arbetsförmedlingen utövar ses inte som positiv och de arbetsmarknadspolitiska åtgärderna anses förslappa de arbetssökande. Slutledningen blir att arbetsförmedlingens roll i dagens samhälle är något utspelad.

The increasing competition on today’s globalized markets creates drivers for new business models in order to create competitive advantage. By integrating services with the physical product, unique offers that aim at fulfilling customer needs rather than just providing physical goods can be created. This type of offers, in the literature often referred to as Product-Service Systems (PSS), are more difficult to imitate than pure products. Furthermore, the focus on fulfilling customer needs rather than just providing physical goods can reduce the use of resources, decreasing both costs and the environmental impact of the offer. From the customers’ point of view, PSS offers can bring increased flexibility and reduced risk. The development of successful PSS offers requires structured methods. Much of the research within the area, and consequently models and guidelines, has focused on large companies. However, since small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) constitute the foundation of economic growth in all developed countries, there is an important gap in the existing research within this area. One research initiative to fill this gap is the ongoing IPSE project (Integrated Product and Service Engineering), which aims at developing a methodology for efficient development of PSS offers in manufacturing SMEs. The methodology developed in the IPSE project is however at a conceptual level that is not applicable for the management in smaller companies. This thesis hence aims at developing a concrete and useful business development method applicable for the management in manufacturing SMEs, with the focus on generation of PSS offer concepts. Based on earlier research within the PSS area, with the emphasis on the IPSE methodology, a concrete business development method for the generation of PSS concepts was created, which was then tested on three SMEs in order to verify and improve the method. The method consists of the three steps internal analysis, external analysis and planning of the new PSS offer. Each step contains a number of tools to be used in order to analyze different aspects of the business context. After analyzing the studies of the three case studies a revised method was developed, which was then summarized in managerial guidelines to be used by managers in manufacturing SMEs. The revision of the method mainly regarded simplifications of some of the tools in order to ease the use and increase the applicability. The method proved to be useful and concepts could be generated for all the case companies. The method thoroughly examined the possibilities of creating PSS offers, even though it was found that it was also useful for the development of conventional business offers. Since the drivers for the case companies were specific threats or opportunities that would require changes in the offer, rather than a purpose in itself to integrate more services in the offer, this implies that the method can be useful as general business development method for manufacturing SMEs. An important learning from our studies is that the day-to-day business is strongly focused by the managers in manufacturing SMEs, leaving little time for long-term business development. As stated by a manager in the case companies: “It is like running beside the bicycle, but we do not have the time to get on it.” The developed method can work as a tool for structuring the information needed in the business development process and hence reducing the time needed. However, if the reduction in time needed for long-term business development is enough to get the managers on their bikes is a question assigned to further studies.

A rapid development of offshore wind power is planned in GB as a part to fulfil the EU2020 targets. 25 GW wind power capacity has been awarded to developers in nine different offshore zones outside the coast of UK. VSC-HVDC transmission is expected to be a both technical and economical favourable solution for transmitting the power into the main grid. This study investigates if such a transmission solution could comply with the regulatory framework in UK. Vattenfall and Scottish Energy Renewable will be part of this development and have been awarded the rights to develop 7200 MW of wind capacity outside the cost of East Anglia as a part of the offshore expansion plans in UK. The zone is broken down to several projects. The first project is called East Anglia ONE and this project is used as a reference case in this study. The GB Grid Code has been broken down into four areas, voltage and frequency variations; fault ride through requirements, active power control and reactive power control. Load flow calculations and dynamic simulations are designed to investigate compliance of each area. Further, simulations to investigate the interaction between the wind turbines and the offshore converter stations where done. A model representing East Anglia ONE was built in PSS/E and used to investigate grid codes compliance by load flow calculations and dynamic simulations. Data from earlier studies at Vattenfall was used to get a good representation of the wind park. A model representing a HVDC-transmission solution was provided by ABB. The results from load flow calculations and simulations show that a HVDC-solution can comply with the investigated parts of the grid codes. The limiting factor seems to be the capability to inject enough reactive power to the gird at small voltage dips during normal operation. This capability can, however, be enhanced with the right tap-changer settings at the onshore converter transformer.