Öffentlich-private Partnerschaften oder Public Private Partnerships (PPP) werden seit Mitte der Neunziger Jahre des letzten Jahrhunderts in allen westeuropäischen Ländern umgesetzt. Dieses Modell der alternativen Leistungserbringung wurde mit erstaunlicher Geschwindigkeit, sektorenübergreifend und flächendeckend implementiert. Verschiedene Autoren haben den Ansatz der Netzwerk-Gesellschaft mit der Entstehung des Phänomens PPP in Verbindung gebracht. An diesem Punkt setzt diese Arbeit an: Es wird untersucht, ob Policy-Netzwerke in der Europäischen Union existierten, die die Entwicklung der staatlichen Leistungserbringung zu Public Private Partnerships forciert haben, bzw. das Thema PPP auf die Agenda setzten und weitergehend wer die relevanten Akteure sind, in welcher Konstellation diese stehen und wie sie vernetzt sind. Wenn ein derartiges Policy-Netzwerk auf europäischer Ebene existieren sollte, soll des Weiteren analysiert werden, um was für eine Art von Policy-Netzwerk es sich nach der Policy-Netzwerk-Typologie handelt. Abschließend werden die Implikationen und Effekte dieses Netzwerkes in Hinblick auf faire Zugangsmöglichkeiten, Transparenz und Wirtschaftlichkeit von Public Private Partnerships erörtert.

Master of Public Health / Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology / Justin J. Kastner / Globalization has resulted in closer integration of economies and societies. It has contributed to the emergence of a new world order which involves a vast nexus of global and regional institutions, surrounded by transnational corporations, and non-governmental agencies seeking to influence the agenda and direction of international public policy. Health is a center point of geopolitics, security, trade, and foreign policy. Expansion in the territory of health and an increase in the number of health actors have profound implications for global health governance. Accordingly, the focus of the thesis is on endorsing the three core elements of governance proposed by Ackleson and Lapid, which comprises a system of (formal and informal) political coordination—across multiple levels from the local to the global—among public agencies and private corporations seeking to accomplish common goals and resolve problems through collective action. This shift in global governance has been prominent in the health sector with the formation of numerous public-private partnerships, coalitions, networks, and informal collaborations. In an effort to cope with the proliferation of players in the health sector, the World Health Organization has undergone gradual transformation in its governance framework. It is important to examine the evolution of the governance architecture of the WHO, as well as its effective application in the current global environment maintaining the organization’s legitimacy. This study tries to offer a comprehensive account of the WHO’s history, its successes and failures, as well as challenges and opportunities confronting the organization. Embracing public-private partnerships and formal-informal interactions does not simply fill governance gaps opened by globalization, but helps cluster in narrower areas of cooperation, where the strategic interests of multilateral organizations (e.g., the WHO), states, and transnational actors intersect. Global health problems require global solutions, and neither public nor private organizations can solve these issues on their own. The forms of governance based on the Acklesonian-Lapidian definition assist in accomplishing public health goals through shared decision-making and risk taking.

It is anticipated that the occurrence and intensity of disasters will increase globally and in South Africa where typical disasters include droughts, floods, extreme hailstorms, gales, structural fires, as well as earthquakes and the occurrence of sinkholes in dolomitic areas arising from mining activity. Disasters such as these, result in human suffering and damage to the resources and infrastructure on which South Africans rely for their survival and the maintenance of their quality of life. In addition, such disasters impact severely on people’s economic and social activities and have particularly negative consequences for those living in vulnerable conditions due to their high levels of poverty, their lack of access to resources, their lack of education, the degradation of the environments in which they live, and the nation’s slow economic growth. Section 24 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 affords to everyone the right to an environment that is not harmful to his or her health and well-being. It may be argued that a person’s sense of environmental security in relation to the potential risks and danger of disaster falls within the scope of the protection provided by section 24. The responsibility to intervene for the protection of the interests inherent in the constitutional environmental right lies with the government of South Africa. Disaster management specifically is a functional area of competence of national and provincial government, but, practice has shown that the actual implementation of and planning for disaster management happens in the local government sphere. Against the backdrop of these introductory discussions and, given the fact that several municipalities in South Africa are under-resourced this study very specifically aims to question from a legal perspective, the potential and function of public-private partnerships (PPPs) between local government (municipalities) and the private sector (industries etc.) in fulfilling the legally entrenched disaster management duties of municipalities. Through a critical evaluation of some existing PPPs, this study illustrates that the private sector has a key role to play in assisting municipalities to fulfil their legally entrenched disaster management duties. / LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

It is anticipated that the occurrence and intensity of disasters will increase globally and in South Africa where typical disasters include droughts, floods, extreme hailstorms, gales, structural fires, as well as earthquakes and the occurrence of sinkholes in dolomitic areas arising from mining activity. Disasters such as these, result in human suffering and damage to the resources and infrastructure on which South Africans rely for their survival and the maintenance of their quality of life. In addition, such disasters impact severely on people’s economic and social activities and have particularly negative consequences for those living in vulnerable conditions due to their high levels of poverty, their lack of access to resources, their lack of education, the degradation of the environments in which they live, and the nation’s slow economic growth. Section 24 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 affords to everyone the right to an environment that is not harmful to his or her health and well-being. It may be argued that a person’s sense of environmental security in relation to the potential risks and danger of disaster falls within the scope of the protection provided by section 24. The responsibility to intervene for the protection of the interests inherent in the constitutional environmental right lies with the government of South Africa. Disaster management specifically is a functional area of competence of national and provincial government, but, practice has shown that the actual implementation of and planning for disaster management happens in the local government sphere. Against the backdrop of these introductory discussions and, given the fact that several municipalities in South Africa are under-resourced this study very specifically aims to question from a legal perspective, the potential and function of public-private partnerships (PPPs) between local government (municipalities) and the private sector (industries etc.) in fulfilling the legally entrenched disaster management duties of municipalities. Through a critical evaluation of some existing PPPs, this study illustrates that the private sector has a key role to play in assisting municipalities to fulfil their legally entrenched disaster management duties. / LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Public sectors in the developed and emerging economies have been witnessing a period of intense change over the past three decades as a result of the development of free-market economy across the globe. In the UK, the public sector in 1970s (that comprised of nationalised industries) was severely criticised for being wasteful, and subject to political intervention, thereby making them inefficient systems for delivering public services. To put matters right, successive governments from the late 1970s embarked on public sector reforms. These reforms centred on increasing the role of private sector in delivering public services. Privatisation, the implementation of accruals-based accounting and application of compulsory competitive tendering in the public sector were some of these reforms. Public-private partnerships, including private finance initiatives (PFIs), introduced in the 1990s, were a continuation of these reforms. In the defence sector, various reforms carried out prior to 1990s failed to completely remove cost and time overruns in defence projects. PFIs were introduced to further rectify the failures of previous reforms in the defence sector because they were purported to provide better value for money. Defence PFIs are long-term agreements whereby the Ministry of Defence, MoD, contracts to purchase quality services on a long-term basis from the private sector (through the special purpose vehicle, SPV) in which the private sector provides all the finance required in constructing the asset that is used to provide the services. Value for money of PFIs is about economy, efficiency and effectiveness. The question, though is whether, Defence PFIs provide value for money as claimed by the MoD? The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of three categories: 1) accommodation, 2) equipment and 3) training of Defence PFIs by assessing the financial robustness (over a six-year period) of the SPVs engaged in their delivery. This research employs a multi-method methodological approach to gather data. Qualitative research methods were employed in exploring and understanding customer-supplier relationships and included, PPPs, PFIs in general (and Defence PFIs in particular), the public sector reforms that brought about private sector integration, 4 defence reforms, and Defence PFI policies. Quantitative research was used to collect and evaluate financial data on SPVs (used in Defence PFIs). Research analysis provided mixed results regarding the financial robustness of SPVs employed in the delivery of Defence PFIs. The profit margins of SPVs involved in the delivery of Defence PFIs relating to the category of accommodation were the highest. This is followed by SPVs in the category of Defence equipment and then by SPVs in the category of Defence training. Interestingly, the majority of SPVs involved in the delivery of Defence PFIs relating to accommodation have sound financial health. On the other hand, most SPVs relating to the other two categories have serious financial problems and therefore show cause for concern. Based on research findings of this study, a number of important policy recommendations are advanced to raise the effectiveness of PFIs in the defence sector and the wider public sector.

Civil Infrastructure is needed both in the developed world and in developing countries. However, governments alone can no longer deliver the much needed projects mainly because of lack of money, but also due to the lack of technical skills and a changing type of citizenry. In today’s world, governments have to consult the market place to efficiently and optimally deliver the much needed infrastructure. The case for Public-Private Partnerships being better than the options of government run projects or fully privatized projects is that Public-Private Partnerships offer real advantages in three major areas: 1) risk benefits (financial, legal and project related benefits), 2) management and communication benefits (within the partnership but also importantly between both partners and the general public), and 3) the value addition to the public common good. / text

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) for the delivery of transportation infrastructure are said to offer increased efficiency resulting from the private sector’s life-cycle approach to design and construction. While the literature on PPPs endorses such efficiencies, studies don’t provide empirical support for that claim. The goal of this thesis was to assess that notion. Four tasks were carried out to explore that issue. First, a literature review searched for evidence of such efficiencies and methodologies to evaluate them. Second, a simple methodology to evaluate the life-cycle cost-efficiencies of the public and private sectors was proposed. Third, since most PPP projects in the U.S. are recent and currently subject to routine operations and maintenance (O&M), indicators to compare those costs were proposed as well. Fourth, a case study compared the routine O&M costs of a PPP and of those of a system of publicly developed and managed tollroads. The literature review found no empirical evidence of superior O&M cost-efficiency of PPPs, and also, that most studies focused on design and construction cost and schedule overruns. While some studies assessing performance and/or efficiency were at times theoretical and not likely employed in practice, one methodology is proposed to evaluate life-cycle cost-efficiency. The case study results showed that the concessionaire was more cost-efficient in terms of operating expenditures (OPEX) per mile (-60%) and per lane-mile (-53%) than the system. The public system was more cost-efficient in OPEX per vehicle-miles travelled (97%), number of toll transactions (332%), and toll revenue (20%). However, those three indicators depend on traffic volume which during the study period was overwhelmingly greater on the public system. While the case study showed cost-efficiency differences between the public and private sectors, additional research is needed to empirically test the hypothesis of greater efficiency of the private sector. The proposed framework can be used, but adequate data and further assumptions about O&M costs are needed; for that, it is recommended that more comprehensive case studies be performed to obtain detailed empirical data. A better understanding of the differences in cost-efficiency between publicly and privately managed roads will help decision-makers minimize the life-cycle cost of their investments. / text

Master of Regional and Community Planning / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Jason Brody / The use of partnerships between the public and private realm have become increasingly popular. This is due to today’s challenges of declining public resources to fulfill the social and physical needs of urban environments. This dilemma has placed a heightened emphasis on executing creative and collaborative redevelopment projects. Downtown Kansas City has an opportunity for such a project. Washington Square Park in downtown Kansas City, Missouri has a unique opportunity to stand as a catalyst project that would reconnect the urban fabric of the city, increase the population within downtown, and create an unsurpassed gateway into the greater downtown area. The public realm alone cannot accomplish this undertaking. Therefore, implementing the redevelopment of the park through public private partnerships is a natural choice. This study explores the intricacies of implementing the proposed Washington Square Park redevelopment project through the use of public private partnerships. It draws from a body of literature and precedents to provide background material, context and principles that are applied to the Washington Square Park project. The study employs site, market, and stakeholder analyses to assess the current economic environment, property ownership, power relationships and influences relating to the redevelopment project. These methods determined that as the value of Washington Square Park increases so will adjacent property; existing economic incentives are critical for project implementation; multi-family and retail real estate markets are strong while office trends are improving; current zoning allows for very high density with no height limitations; and several “key players” hold the attributes for establishing a conservancy for Washington Square Park. These findings reveal the symbiotic relationships between Washington Square Park and the surrounding context which provides the rational basis for project implementation through public private partnerships. Overall, this document informs the various stakeholders and decision-makers of pertinent information pertaining to the Washington Square Park redevelopment project and propositions a scenario for project implementation through the use of public private partnerships.

A pesquisa desenvolvida tem como eixo central a problematização de dispositivos concernentes aos novos contornos que a educação escolar vem assumindo no processo de mediação entre o Terceiro Setor e o Estado. O estudo refere-se às parcerias público-privadas (PPP) na área educacional, desenvolvidas por duas organizações do Terceiro Setor, uma, no estado de Minas Gerais e outra, no estado de São Paulo. Foram analisados um programa desenvolvido pela Fundação Lemann (S.P) e dois programas desenvolvidos em Minas Gerais pelo Instituto Delta, braço social do Grupo Empresarial Delta. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: apreender a estrutura e funcionamento dessas ações e seus impactos na educação; identificar as fontes de recursos para subsidiar tais ações, mas, sobretudo, apreender o conteúdo e o teor das propostas da iniciativa privada e sua instalação na gestão da escola pública. A proposta metodológica desta investigação foi norteada pela abordagem das pesquisas qualitativas. A matriz epistemológica adotada ancorou-se no materialismo histórico-dialético. O procedimento utilizado foi o estudo multicasos ou casos múltiplos com o objetivo de realizar uma análise pertinente de projetos viabilizados pelas PPPs, nos dois estados, sem comprometer as singularidades e similaridades de cada realidade. A investigação demonstrou que as ações desenvolvidas pelas entidades do Terceiro Setor não resolvem a crise que se apresenta atualmente, mas, sim, são responsáveis por acentuá-la, já que colaboram para a manutenção da sociedade de classes. Espera-se que esta pesquisa possa contribuir para potencializar o debate acerca dos novos contornos do papel do estado e da educação no tempo presente. / The main topic of the research developed is the problematization of devices regarding the new characteristics that education has taken in the process of mediation between the third sector and the state. This thesis refers to public-private partnerships (PPP) in education, developed by two organizations from the third sector, one in the state of Minas Gerais and one in the state of São Paulo. We analyzed a program developed by Fundação Lemann\" (SP) and two programs developed in Minas Gerais by Instituto Delta, the social branch of Grupo Empresarial Delta. This research aimed at understanding the structure and functioning of these actions and their impact on education; identifying the sources of funds to support such actions, but above all, comprehending the content and substance of the proposals made by the private institutions and their application in public schools. The methodology of this research was guided by the qualitative research approach. The epistemology adopted is anchored in the historical and dialectical materialism. The procedure used was the multi-case or multiple cases study in order to conduct a meaningful analysis of projects made possible by PPPs in both states, without compromising the uniqueness and similarities of each reality. The research has shown that the actions undertaken by the third sector do not solve the \"crisis\" that presents itself today, but are responsible for accentuating it, as the actions contribute to the maintenance of class society. It is expected that this research will contribute to enhance the debate on the new characteristics of the states and educations role at the present time.

This Diploma Thesis analyzes the Brownfield issue in the Czech Republic. Relevant strategic documents are presented and constitute a framework for the Thesis study of regional development and funding concerning Brownfields. In addition, evolution of past and current approaches taken to deal with the Brownfield issue across regions of the Czech Republic has been studied. Consequently, a complex, holistic approach to Brownfield regeneration is described as a result of integration of current best practice, lessons learnt, optimal combination of Structural funding with Public Private Partnerships, risk management and other key success factors including references to examples from relevant Brownfield regeneration projects.