Avec les progrès des technologies numériques et des réseaux, les archéologues sont appelés à réfléchir à la grande diversité des supports pour la consultation des connaissances archéologiques. L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre les caractéristiques de la publication scientifique en ligne et les solutions qu’elle apporte au travail de l’archéologue.La première partie de cette étude, dédiée à l’histoire de la recherche d’information et de la publication en archéologie, dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle en France, examine les expériences des précurseurs des bases de données, puis des pionniers du traitement des textes des publications, dans la mesure où ils furent des observateurs avisés des problèmes de lecture des publications archéologiques et de l’utilisation des informations contenues. Dans la seconde partie, l’étude aborde les questions de l’élaboration de la publication scientifique en ligne, de l’apparition de l’internet à aujourd’hui, dans le contexte d’une diffusion qui tend à mettre à la disposition de chacun une large partie de l'information (Libre accès). Elle définit le processus de l’édition scientifique en ligne pour l’archéologie, à partir d’une enquête sur les fréquents supports de diffusion en ligne des ouvrages et des revues scientifiques imprimés et sur la formation de publications numériques natives, suivie d’une analyse de conceptions au sein de l’UMR 7041 Archéologies et Sciences de l’Antiquité avec différents partenaires. Les résultats permettent de mieux comprendre les besoins fondamentaux de la communauté archéologique et de l’aider à organiser ces entreprises éditoriales. / The nature of publishing in archaeology is changing with the advancement of digital media, and archaeologists are deeply involved in the evolution of print and digital publication. This research aims to understanding the characteristics of digital publication and the solutions it offers to archaeological research.The first part of this study concerns the history of information retrieval and publication in the second half of the twentieth century in France. It examines the foundations of archaeological computing and the start of automatic documentation in the discipline (later becoming database applications and data processing), and how other past experiences have contributed to formalizing archaeological reflection and writing.The second part of the study surveys the development of digital publishing in archaeology through time and within the context of Open Access. Through an evaluation of websites that disseminate printed books and journals as well as those publishing only in digital form, the process of online dissemination is defined (and with reference to experiences from the Unit of “Archéologies et Sciences de l’Antiquité” with key publishing stakeholders). The results provide a key to better understand the needs of the archaeological community and assist in developing current approaches to archaeological publishing.

A hipersensibilidade a veneno de Hymenoptera representa importante problema do ponto de vista de saúde da população, uma vez que pacientes alérgicos aos componentes do veneno podem desenvolver reações graves, às vezes fatais. A única profilaxia efetiva em pacientes sensibilizados é a imunoterapia veneno específica. Objetivos: avaliar as evidências científicas a respeito dos efeitos da imunoterapia específica utilizada na profilaxia secundária das reações graves em pacientes sensibilizados a veneno de Hymenoptera, por meio da realização de uma revisão sistemática. Métodos: a estratégia de busca seguiu as recomendações do Grupo de Pele da Colaboração Cochrane. A pesquisa foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library), EMBASE, LILACS, SciSEARCH e nas referências de artigos mais relevantes. Todos os ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados envolvendo imunoterapia com veneno de Hymenoptera versus imunoterapia com placebo ou apenas seguimento dos pacientes foram avaliados. Dois revisores de forma independente (ASW e LAMF) avaliaram a elegibilidade e a qualidade metodológica de cada ensaio clínico e extraíram os dados. O risco de reações sistêmicas, conseqüentes a ferroada acidental ou a teste de provocação com o inseto responsável, após a imunoterapia específica, foi avaliado por meio do cálculo do odds ratio e do respectivo intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: 2267 resumos foram identificados. A maioria dos artigos foi excluída pelas seguintes razões: os estudos não eram controlados e randomizados ou não satisfaziam alguns critérios de inclusão. Apenas quatro estudos foram analisados. A idade dos pacientes variou entre dois e 65 anos. Apenas um estudo comparou imunoterapia com veneno de formiga contra placebo (Brown et al.) e três estudos (Hunt et al., Schubert et al. e Valentine et al.) comparam imunoterapia com venenos de abelha e vespa contra placebo ou seguimento de pacientes. Em cada estudo, o odds ratio para reações sistêmicas foi: Hunt et al.- Grupo I (veneno) x III (placebo): 0,10 (0,01 <OR < 0,68) Schubert et al.: 0,35 (0,05<OR<2,56); Valentine et al.: 0,16 (0,02 < OR < 1,21) e Brown et al.: 0,04 (0,01<OR<0,28). Após o teste de heterogeneidade, apenas dois estudos (Schuberth 1983 e Valentine 1990) se mostraram homogêneos o suficiente e assim puderam ser incluídos na meta-análise (p = 0,623). Ao combinar os dois estudos, o odds ratio passou a ser significativo: 0.29 (0.10 a 0.87). Entretanto, ao analisar a gravidade das reações ocorridas após a imunoterapia, observou-se que os benefícios podem não ser tão relevantes, pois as reações foram, na grande maioria, ou mais leves ou semelhantes à reação original. Conclusões: A imunoterapia específica deve ser recomendada para adultos que apresentaram reações sistêmicas e para crianças com reações moderadas a graves, porém não é necessária em crianças que apresentaram apenas reações cutâneas após ferroada de abelha ou vespa, principalmente se a exposição for esporádica. / Background: Hymenoptera venom hypersensitivity is a significant public health problem. For patients who are allergic to components of the venom, reactions can be severe and sometimes fatal. The only effective treatment in the management of those patients is the specific venom immunotherapy. Objective: to assess the effects of the specific venom immunotherapy for Hymenoptera venom hypersensitivity through a systematic review. Methods: the standard search strategy of the Cochrane Skin Group was used for searches of electronic and other databases. These included MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library), EMBASE, LILACS, SciSEARCH and the references of relevant articles. All randomized controlled trials involving Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy versus immunotherapy with placebo or only follow-up of the patients were included. Two independent reviewers (ASW and LAMF) assessed the eligibility, and the methodological quality of each trial, and extracted the data. Post immunotherapy risk of systemic reactions after either challenge or accidental stings was calculated through the odds ratio and respective 95 percent confidence interval. Main results: 2,267 abstracts, identified through electronic sources, were assessed. Most articles were excluded for the following reasons: the studies did not satisfy all the inclusion criteria or they were not randomized controlled trials. Four studies were included on this review. The age of the participants varied between two and 65 years. Only one study compared ant venom immunotherapy with placebo (Brown et al.) and three studies (Hunt et al., Schubert et al. and Valentine et al.) compared bees and wasps immunotherapy with placebo or simply patient follow-up. In each study, the odds ratio to a systemic reaction was: Hunt et al.- Group I (venom) x III(placebo): 0,10 (0,01 < OR < 0,68) Schubert et al.: 0,35 (0,05 < OR < 2,56); Valentine et al.: 0,16 (0,02 < OR < 1,21) and Brown et al.: 0,04 (0,01 < OR < 0,28). After the heterogeneity test (p = 0,623), only two studies (Schuberth 1983 and Valentine 1990) were homogeneous enough as to be included in a meta-analysis. The summary odds ratio was 0.29 (IC 95%: 0.10 - 0.87). However, when the severity of the reaction occurring after the sting challenge or accidental sting was taken into account, the benefits were not so relevant because the reactions were, for the most, milder than the original one. Conclusions: The specific-venom immunotherapy must be recommended for adults with systemic reactions and for children with moderate to severe reactions, but there is no need to prescribe it for children who present only skin reactions after insects sting, particularly if the exposure is sporadic.

Conclusions. The sensitivity and positive predictive value are generally more concerned than the specificity and negative predictive value in assessing and adjusting publication bias in meta-analyses. In this sense, Egger's regression can be recommended for its high sensitivity, while any positive result from Tang's method would suggest a probability of bias that should be taken seriously. Given the different patterns of the accuracy with the OR and the P1-P2 combination, a combination of Egger's regression and Tang's regression would be advisable. Further studies are needed to study the accuracy of methods used in combination. / Due to sampling error and true heterogeneity, a single study cannot provide a comprehensive picture and a precise estimate of, say the effectiveness of a treatment. Systematic reviews that identify and integrate relevant studies have become the most important scientific, quantitative method to summarize scientific research. Meta-analysis is the statistical method used in systematic reviews to combine results from individual studies. / However, due to selective submission and publication, not all relevant studies conducted, especially those unpublished studies with an insignificant negative result, are easily accessible to those who conduct reviews. As a result, the truth, say, the effect of a treatment, would be overestimated. This phenomenon is known as publication bias. A few methods for detecting the bias have been developed and used in meta-analyses. Although their accuracy has been studied, some important issues remain to be answered, such as when would a method be good enough for practical use and is it similarly good for different definitions of the odds ratio? / Methods. We conducted a simulation study to examine the accuracy of four commonly used bias-detection methods with various ORs and P1-P2 combinations. In a simulation study, the true bias status can be predetermined and thus be compared with the results of the bias-detection methods. The four methods are Egger's regression, funnel plot regression, rank correlation regression, and Tang's regression. Realistic sample size was used for simulating individual studies and the numbers of studies in a meta-analysis was also varied. Both the sensitivity and specificity are examined against the magnitude of the OR and the P1-P 2 combination to identify the ORs and P1-P 2 combinations for which a method is sufficiently accurate. Predictive values are also examined for the same reason and in the same manner. / Results. The sensitivity and positive predictive value are generally low and in particular when the OR is close to one for which publication bias is of a particular concern. Egger's regression has the highest sensitivity among the four, in particular when the OR is neither close to one nor exceptionally large or small. Due to the relatively lower specificity, the positive predictive value of Egger's regression is not as high as that for Tang's regression and funnel plot regression. Tang's regression and funnel plot regression are very similar in sensitivity, specificity and predictive values, with the former being slightly better. Rank correlation seems the least accurate method overall. Tang's regression has in general the highest positive predictive value among the four methods in particular when the OR is below one. / Chung Chi-keung. / "June 2006." / Adviser: Tang Jin Ling. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: B, page: 1588. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-124). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-09-02T14:30:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson Ribeiro da Silva.pdf: 1050966 bytes, checksum: 2954382a1a8b3b2142ae6eda839a867a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-02T14:30:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson Ribeiro da Silva.pdf: 1050966 bytes, checksum: 2954382a1a8b3b2142ae6eda839a867a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze publication trends of behavior analysts in the last 22 years of publication of Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, between 1993 and 2015. This study update Northup, Vollmer and Serrett (1993). A sample of 314 articles were selected from a population of 1.704 articles published between 1993 and 2015. This sample was revised and categorized, and publication trends analyzed based on variables and categories defined by Northup et al. (1993). The analyze variable were: (1) type of article, (2) participants, (3) setting, (4) behavioral change agents, (5) target behavior, (6) use of behavioral procedures and (7) generalization and follow-up measures. The results indicated that the JABA remains one of research papers communication newspaper with few studies for review, discussion and methodological studies. The typical behavioral change agent identified in the analyzed research is the own experimenter. Most surveys are interventions with people with developmental disabilities. Positive reinforcement, verbal instruction and punishment are the most common procedures in the analyzed articles and research published still lack data on follow-up and generalization measures. Implications for future research on interventions by applied behavior analysts discussed based on the founded results / O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e analisar as tendências de publicações dos analistas do comportamento nos últimos 22 anos de publicação do JABA, período compreendido entre 1993 e a primavera de 2015. As análises de tendências aqui desenvolvidas partiram da atualização do estudo publicado por Northup, Vollmer e Serrett (1993). Foi selecionada uma amostra da população total de publicações do JABA no referido período, e as tendências de publicações foram analisadas com base nas variáveis e categorias definidas por Northup et al. (1993). Da população de 1.704 artigos publicados entre 1993 e 2015 no JABA, 314 artigos foram selecionados como amostra da presente pesquisa, revisados e classificados. As variáveis analisadas foram: (1) tipo de artigo, (2) participantes, (3) ambiente, (4) agentes de mudança comportamental, (5) comportamento alvo, (6) uso de procedimentos comportamentais e (7) medidas de generalização e follow-up. Os resultados indicaram que o JABA continua sendo um jornal de comunicação de artigos de pesquisa, com poucos estudos de revisão, discussão e estudos metodológicos. O típico agente de mudança comportamental identificado nas pesquisas analisadas é o próprio experimentador. A maioria das pesquisas envolve intervenções com pessoas com transtornos do desenvolvimento. Reforçamento positivo, instrução verbal e punição são os procedimentos comportamentais mais frequentes nos artigos analisados; e as pesquisas publicadas ainda carecem de dados sobre follow-up e medidas de generalização. Implicações para pesquisas futuras sobre as intervenções aplicadas de analistas do comportamento foram discutidas com base nos resultados encontrados

This diploma thesis presents a meta-analysis of the accumulated empirical evidence on the relationship between financial development and economic growth. So far, hundreds of studies have been written on the role of financial systems in economic growth; however, their results are ambiguous. This is supported both by theory and empirical research. In order to shed some light on the underlying relationship, narrative literature surveys have been conducted. Nevertheless, the authors of these surveys select representative studies for inclusion subjectively and thus build their results on only a limited set of information. Moreover, due to the nature of their analyses, they cannot systematically assess which factors influence the heterogeneity in reported findings or whether the results are driven by the desire to produce only positive and statistically significant results. Thus, the main focus of our work lies in investigating what the role of financial development in economic growth is, adjusted for possible publication selection, and to systematically explain the heterogeneity behind reported results. For this analysis a pool of available studies investigating the underlying relationship was collected. More specifically, our analysis takes into account data from 67 empirical studies with 1334...

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Si l’on peut faire remonter la naissance de la fantasy aux récits mythologiques et la rattacher aux contes populaires, la fantasy moderne n’a été reconnue qu’au début du XXe siècle. Venu de l’anglais imagination, le genre appartient au domaine de la littérature d ‘évasion, car il propose un « réenchantement » de notre monde.Marquée par de grands titres, tels que la trilogie du Seigneur des anneaux de J. R. R. Tolkien, la fantasy s’est ouverte à la littérature de jeunesse, notamment avec Harry Potter. Notre étude porte sur un corpus d’oeuvres marquantes de S. Audouin-Mamikonian, P. Bottero, B. Bottet, S. De Mari, N. Farmer, C. Paolini, M. Paver et E. Rodda, qui ont été publiées en France entre 2000 et 2006. Après avoir esquissé une typologie des sous-genres de la fantasy en la caractérisant par rapport aux autres littératures de l’imaginaire, il s’agit d’interroger les œuvres du corpus au niveau de la construction du héros et du monde dans lequel il évolue, d’étudier les phénomènes intertextuels et, notamment, comment le schéma narratif du conte est utilisé pour offrir à son lecteur un parcours quasi initiatique de l’adolescence et, enfin,de montrer comment la fantasy jeunesse en France est devenue un phénomène social et éditorial par l’intermédiaire des nouveaux outils de commercialisation / Although fantasy dates back to mythological tales and may be associated with folktales, modern fantasy has only been recognized since the beginning of the 20thcentury. According to its definition as “imaginative fiction”, the genre belongs to thefield of escapist literature since it provides a “re-enchantment” of our world.Highlighted by best-sellers, such as The Lord of the Rings trilogy by J. R. R. Tolkien,fantasy flourished in children’s literature especially with Harry Potter. Our study relieson a significant body of works written by S. Audouin-Mamikonian, P. Bottero,B. Bottet, S. Mari, N. Farmer, C. Paolini, M. Paver and E. Rodda and published in France between 2000 and 2006. After outlining a typology of the subgenres of fantasy by characterizing it in relation to the other types of speculative fiction, the study focuses on the works themselves, especially with regard to the construction of the hero and of the world he lives in with a view to analyzing intertextual phenomena, grasping notably how the narrative scheme of the tale is used to offer the reader some sort of initiation journey through adolescence and, lastly, to showing how youth fantasy in France has become a social and editorial phenomenon through innovative marketing tools

Ce travail est une continuation des travaux antérieurs sur l'architecture iSOA et le modèle de service intentionnel MiS. Il s'agit de rendre accessible les services proposés par MiS en complétant la plateforme iSOA avec des mécanismes pour la publication et la recherche de services intentionnels dans un annuaire étendu. Ces mécanismes feront appel aux techniques des services web sémantiques et à la modélisation de la connaissance sous forme d'ontologies. Le propos de ce travail de recherche porte sur les lacunes identifiées sur le processus de publication d'un service, l'approche de recherche adéquate pour sélectionner les services intentionnels les plus adaptés aux besoins de l'utilisateur et la structure du descripteur d'un service intentionnel à publier dans l'annuaire. Nous proposons l'approche PASiS (Publishing And Searching intentional Services). Dans cette approche, l'input d'un fournisseur lors de la publication d'un service s'exprime en termes métier sous forme de buts. Nous proposons un processus de guidage de publication, pour d'une part, aider le concepteur dans cette tâche, et d'autre part garantir la complétude de la description d'un service publié. Ce processus utilise les ontologies pour capturer la sémantique du descripteur de service intentionnel. Ces ontologies sont : iSOnto (ontologie technique de services intentionnels), vOnto (ontologie générique des verbes) et pOnto (ontologie de domaine des produits). Enfin, notre approche prend en compte au niveau du descripteur et du processus de publication, les agrégations de services intentionnels telles que définies dans le modèle de MiS. Dans PASiS, l'utilisateur exprime ses besoins sous forme de but. Grâce à un modèle du processus de recherche et d'interrogation, nous proposons le guidage pour d'une part, aider l'utilisateur à tirer profit de toutes les possibilités qu'offre le modèle de requête, et d'autre part pour l'accompagner dans sa recherche et l'aider à trouver ce qu'il souhaite. L'appariement se fait entre les concepts associés à la requête et ceux associés aux descripteurs de services en utilisant une fonction de calcul de distance sémantique qui exploite les liens sémantiques (généralisation, spécialisation). En exploitant les concepts de services intentionnels agrégés, l'utilisateur peut parcourir l'arborescence de services composites et à variation et explorer ainsi l'espace des services intentionnels disponibles. Enfin, l'usage d'ontologies est la base d'un processus de reformulation intelligente de la requête de l'utilisateur. L'utilisation de l'ontologie générique des verbes et des liens sémantiques entre les verbes et les noms propre, nous pouvons raisonner sur la signification d'un but et d'introduire ainsi intelligence et guidage dans les processus de publication et de recherche de service. Ce travail est consacré également, à la spécification et à l'implémentation du descripteur intentionnel de service où l'annotation est utilisée comme une technique d'extension sémantique vers les trois ontologies : iSOnto, vOnto et pOnto. Dans ce travail, nous proposons d'étendre le langage SAWSDL pour décrire les services intentionnels. Cette extension vient combler un manque au niveau de la spécification de la nature de l'annotation sémantique dans SAWSDL. Pour cette raison, nous allons utiliser l'ontologie iSOnto pour expliciter non seulement les concepts d'un domaine mais également la nature de ces concepts. Enfin, l'approche proposée est illustrée au moyen d'une étude de cas d'application. A la lumière de ce cas d'étude, nous avons montré que les hypothèses de recherche sont valides.

depuis quelques années on assiste à la naissance d'un nouveau modèle d'édition. il trouve ses origines dans l'édition classique sur support papier et qui s'inspire des nouvelles technologies de la communication comme outil de production et de diffusion. L'édition électronique a suivi l'évolution, on peut mieux exploiter les capacités de l'Internet, augmenter l'efficacité des liens hypertexte et améliorer l'interactivité tant la production d'un éditeur commercial que dans une bibliothèque universitaire. L'innovation est dans ce sens un concept de base, fondateur dans ce domaine, elle concerne les éditeurs qui réalisent de nouveaux produits et proposent des services à valeur ajoutée. Mais aussi la bibliothèque en tant que médiateur de l'information via les nouvelles technologies. Le contexte actuel de l'édition est en pleine mutation, les changements sont énormes et l'impact des TIC est de plus en plus important. Les nouvelles technologies participent réellement à la reconfiguration des pratiques éditoriales. La chaîne classique de l'édition basée sur le papier est en train de changer voir disparaitre dans puiseurs disciplines comme la médecine, la physique ou les mathématiques.

The ISI provides librarians with tools such as the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) and the institution specific Local Journal Utilization Report (LJUR) to aid in the management of serials collections. These tools enable librarians to respond quickly to changes in publishing practices and purchasing options. While available literature often criticizes ISI data, few studies provide concrete recommendations for improvement. This study explores two extensions to LJUR: (1) adding citation date and (2) creating institution specific impact factors. In addition, I explore the degree to which self-citations influence the ISI impact factor. Publication and citation calculations are made for three prominent southern universities’ research chemists using a corpus of full text articles drawn from 27 American Chemical Society (ACS) journals and stored in an Oracle database. The ACS research corpus impact factor simulation and ACS research corpus self-citation omission impact factor are also created and compared with current JCR data.