Cette thèse explore la valeur informationnelle du capital immatériel dans un contexte d'introduction en bourse. La démarche suivie pour argumenter cette thèse nous a conduits, dans une première partie, à justifier notre positionnement théorique et à développer nos hypothèses de recherches. Cette première étape nous a orientés vers l'étude de l'environnement des introductions en bourse, l'analyse des concepts qui entourent le capital immatériel et les facteurs qui influencent sa publication.<br />Nous avons construit une argumentation autour du rôle informationnel du capital immatériel dans les stratégies de signalisations des entreprises technologiques. Ces dernières, fortement dotées en immatériels et dépendantes d'équipes innovantes, se signaleraient au marché financier à travers un effort particulier de publication sur leur capital immatériel. La vérification empirique de cette problématique est développée dans la deuxième partie de la thèse. Elle nécessite la définition de l'effort de publication (emploi de la méthodologie Delphi) et sa quantification (construction d'un indice) pour pouvoir apprécier son impact sur l'évaluation de l'entreprise nouvellement introduite en bourse (étude de la sous évaluation et de la survie dans le long terme).

In diesem Beitrag werden Publikationsmotivation und -formen sowie die Vor- und Nachteile von Open Access beschrieben und am Beispiel des Fee-Free-Open-Access-Journals Zeitschrift für Nachwuchswissenschaftler erläutert. / In this paper, publications motivation and forms are described, as well as, the pros and cons of Open Access. They are explained using the fee-free open access journal German Journal of Young Researchers as an example.

Cette thèse a pour objet de retracer l’histoire de la réception de l’œuvre d’Albert Camus en Chine et de mettre au jour l’influence qu’elle a pu exercer sur les écrivains chinois. Le processus de la réception de l’œuvre de Camus en Chine étant inséparable du processus de l’évolution politique et culturelle chinoise, il est examiné sous l’angle de la sociologie, de l’histoire politique, de la littérature comparée, et de la traductologie. L’étude met ainsi en lumière les circonstances historiques, sociales, culturelles, politiques des différentes périodes au cours desquelles l’œuvre de Camus a été reçue, traduite, publiée, et critiquée en Chine. / This thesis aims at retracing the history of the reception of the work of Albert Camus in China and exposing the influence it has on Chinese writers. The process of the reception of Camus' work in China is inseparable from the process of Chinese political and cultural evolution and is examined from the angle of sociology, political history, comparative literature, and Translatology. The study highlights the historical, social, cultural and political circumstances of the different periods during which Camus's work has been received, translated, published and criticized in China.

L’objet de cette étude est de mettre en évidence les traits distinctifs de l’institution que désigne le terme « entrée en vigueur de la loi ». Il s’agit d’un ensemble de règles et de pratiques correspondantes qui permettent aux acteurs du système juridique de déterminer avec précision le moment à compter duquel devient obligatoire toute nouvelle loi. Pour qu’une telle détermination soit possible, le système juridique doit consacrer au moins une règle de droit commun, à savoir une règle qui permet de déterminer, à défaut de disposition contraire, la date d’entrée en vigueur de toute nouvelle loi. La consécration d’une telle règle présuppose l’existence d’un critère qui permet de déterminer avec précision le moment où la procédure d’édiction chaque nouvelle loi est achevée. En droit positif français, ce critère est la promulgation. Pour rendre compte de cette fonction de la promulgation, il importe de distinguer entre deux séries de conditions d’entrée en vigueur : les conditions particulières, dont dépend l’entrée en vigueur des lois d’après les règles du droit positif, et les conditions générales, dont la réunion est nécessaire pour qu’il soit en premier lieu possible de consacrer des règles d’entrée en vigueur. Concernant les conditions particulières, l’étude des règles de droit commun montre que, contrairement à une idée communément admise, la publication n’est pas une condition nécessaire de l’entrée en vigueur des lois. S’agissant des conditions générales, il s’avère que l’institution de l’entrée en vigueur présuppose une conception volontariste de la loi et un haut degré de formalisation de la procédure de son édiction. / This study aims at identifying the distinctive features of what is commonly referred to as “entry into force of statutes”. This term refers to a nexus of rules and practices that enable the agents of a legal system to determine in a precise manner the moment every statute becomes legally binding. For that to be possible, there must be at least one general rule that applies to any statute lacking a commencement clause. The existence of such a rule depends on the presence of a criterion that allows establishing the precise moment every bill becomes an enacted statute. In France, the relevant criterion is the formal act, known as promulgation, by which the Head of State signs a bill into law. In order to fully grasp the function thus performed by the act of promulgation, a distinction must be made between two kinds of conditions that can be said to be necessary for a statute’s entry into force. On the one hand, there are the specific conditions set out by the relevant rules of a legal system. On the other hand, there are some more fundamental conditions that a legal system must necessarily meet in order to provide for a general rule governing the entry into force of its statutes. As regards the conditions set out by the relevant rules of the French legal system, it turns out that, contrary to a commonly held idea, the rules in question do not make prior publication a necessary condition for the entry into force of statutes. As regards the aforementioned necessary conditions, it appears that the relevant rules and practices presuppose a voluntarist conception of law and, subsequently, a high level of formalism in the procedure followed for the enactment of statutes.

Le débat architectural du début du XXe siècle semble sous-tendu par les oppositions entre les tenants d'une tradition comme transmission historique ou régionale et ceux d'une modernité comme revendication de la tabula rasa. Mais si la modernité « intervient comme une coupure entre le passé et l'avenir […], elle assure aussi la jonction qui permet au passé de s'enrichir et à l'avenir de se souvenir » (Gasselin, 2007). Elle peut ainsi être observée dans les rapports qu'elle entretient avec la tradition, l'intérêt pour les cultures traditionnelles et vernaculaires s'amplifiant simultanément à l'émergence de la modernité architecturale. La thèse interroge les processus de fabrication qui permettent à l'architecte de construire une idée de la modernité architecturale qui se réclame de la tradition. Les enjeux de reconstruction après les guerres mondiales radicalisent les débats, conférant à la presse et aux grandes expositions internationales des rôles stratégiques de diffusion des idées. Les architectes en sont les acteurs principaux. En considérant l'architecture dans toutes ses dimensions de production (édifiée, représentée, écrite et publiée), nous formulons l'hypothèse qu'elle peut être analysée comme médium (c'est-à-dire comme support d'un message) et comme média (c'est-à-dire comme vecteur de communication). Par ailleurs, nous supposons que dans le processus de publication l'architecte fabrique simultanément un imaginaire du passé et une pensée du monde moderne. Nous identifions trois mouvements dans le processus de fabrication de cette pensée de la modernité. Dans un premier temps, nous nous intéresserons au passage de l'architecture édifiée à l'architecture représentée en interrogeant la capacité des architectes à construire des filiations historiques et/ou géographiques, notamment à partir de l'observation de l'existant. Dans un deuxième temps, nous analyserons les relations entre architecture édifiée et architecture publiée en considérant, comme Beatriz Colomina, que le média imprimé permet un « nouveau contexte de production, existant en parallèle au terrain de construction » (Colomina, 1988). Enfin, en étudiant le passage de l'architecture publiée à l'architecture racontée, nous interrogerons le rôle des espaces de publication dans les processus de mise en récit de l'architecture. Afin de conduire cette étude, nous nous appuyons sur la production de l'architecte Albert Laprade (1883-1978). Acteur sur la scène architecturale moderne, il va participer également à la reconnaissance de l'architecture traditionnelle. La diversité de sa production nous permet de constituer un corpus édifié, dessiné et écrit qui s'élabore à partir de la forme publiée de son travail : articles parus sur sa production bâtie (publiés par d'autres architectes),articles écrits par Albert Laprade (presse professionnelle ou non),ouvrages de l'architecte tels que les Albums de croquis. / In the early XXth century, the architectural debate in France seems underpinned by the opposition between the proponents of a tradition, as historical or regional transmission, and those of modernity, as a claim of tabula rasa. But if modernity “comes as a cut between past and future […]”, it also ensures the junction that allows the past to enrich itself and the future to remember” (Gasselin, 2007). Thus, tradition can be observed through its relations with tradition, as the interest in traditional or vernacular cultures amplifies simultaneously with the emergence of architectural modernity. The PHD examines the manufacturing processes that allow the architect to build an idea of architectural modernity that claims of tradition.Reconstruction issues after the World Wars radicalized the debate, giving the press and international exhibitions a strategic role of dissemination of ideas, the architects being the main players. Considering architecture in all its production aspects (built, represented, written and published), we hypothesize that it can be analysed as a medium (that is to say, a carrier of a message) and as a media (that is to say, a communication vector). Furthermore, we assume that in the process of publishing, the architect simultaneously produces an imaginary past and a thinking of the modern world.We identify three movements in the manufacturing process of the thought of modernity. First, we will look at the transition from built architecture to represented architecture by querying the architects ability to build historical and / or geographic affiliations, especially from the observation of the existing. Secondly, we analyse the relationship between built architecture and published architecture, considering, as Beatriz Colomina, that the print media enables a “new context of production, existing in parallel to the construction site” (Colomina, 1988). Finally, studying the transition of published architecture to narrated architecture, we will question the role of publication spaces in the architecture storytelling process.To conduct this study, we rely on the production of the architect Albert Laprade (1883-1978). Player on the modern architectural scene, he participated in the recognition of traditional architecture. The diversity of its production allows us to establish a corpus, built, designed and written, that develops from the published form of his work:articles about his builts (published by other architects)articles written by Albert Laprade (trade press or not)books published by the architect as his Albums de croquis.

Orientador: Silvana Aparecida Borsetti Gregorio Vidotti / Resumo: A publicação de resultados de pesquisa com base no documento textual vem sendo considerada desde o século XVII como a principal via de comunicação científica. A chegada na Ciência do paradigma baseado nos dados e do movimento da Ciência Aberta inicia a demanda de publicação de outros ativos/assets de pesquisa de diferente natureza. Contrastamos a necessidade de novas vias e abordagens à publicação de forma que os ativos/assets possuam uma adequada descrição para garantir a encontrabilidade, o acesso, o reuso e a reprodutibilidade. Uma das vias para essa publicação é a publicação científica ampliada. Com base nas ferramentas fornecidas pelo método quadripolar, esta pesquisa analisa as transformações epistemológicas, teóricas e técnicas do processo de comunicação científica com o objetivo de formalizar um modelo para as publicações ampliadas, que considere os aspectos semióticos derivados da hibridação de linguagens neste tipo de publicação e dos relacionamentos entre as diferentes entidades que compõem a publicação. A análise parte da conceitualização da publicação ampliada como um espaço semiótico de topografia tanto homogênea quanto heterogênea, devido a sua composição por objetos de diferente natureza. Realiza-se um mapeamento de diferentes ambientes de publicação para extrair as entidades que podem compor uma publicação ampliada. Essas entidades, junto com a dimensão executável que representa e estabelece o processo de criação e lógica entre as entidades, conformam a base ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The publication of research results based on the textual document has been considered since the 17th century as the primary means of scientific communication. The arrival in Science of the paradigm based on data and the Open Science movement initiates the demand for publication of other research assets/assets of different nature. We contrast the need for new ways and approaches to the publication of assets to have an adequate description to ensure the findability, access, reuse and reproducibility. One of the avenues for this publication is the expanded scientific publication. Based on the tools provided by the quadripolar method, this research analyses the epistemological, theoretical and technical transformations of the scientific communication process. The main aim is to formalize a model for enhanced publications, which considers the semiotic aspects derived from the hybridization of languages in this type of publication and the relationships between the different entities that comprise the publication. The analysis starts from the conceptualization of enhanced publications as semiotic spaces of homogeneous and heterogeneous topography, due to their composition by objects of different nature. A mapping of different publication environments is performed to extract the entities that can compose an enhanced publication. These entities, together with the executable dimension that represents and establishes the creation process and logic between the entities, form the basis of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

La présente thèse étudie les rapports entre les activités diplomatiques et la publication de livres, périodiques et pamphlets au milieu du XVIIe siècle, dans le contexte des premiers développements de la diplomatie de Restauration portugaise en France. Il s’agit d’examiner en détail les objectifs, le champ d’action et les initiatives des représentants du nouveau monarque intervenant dans la circulation de l’information politique et dans le monde des livres et des imprimeries, avec une attention exclusive portée à la conjoncture de la première mission envoyée à Paris en 1641, et à quelques aspects de l’action des ambassades suivantes, jusqu’au retour à Lisbonne de la délégation du marquis de Niza en 1649.Il sera possible d’abord de discerner une série de circonstances et de publications antérieures à l’arrivée des envoyés portugais, et puis d’observer les fréquentations et contacts qu’ils établissent en France, ainsi que toute sorte d’occupations quotidiennes liées à la diffusion d’informations, à l’écriture et à la circulation de pièces manuscrites et imprimées. Cette échelle temporelle plus fine permettra en outre d’enquêter sur des pratiques littéraires, rhétoriques et informationnelles qui composaient le paysage éditorial qu’ont trouvé en France les agents de Jean IV. Toutes ces recherches contribuent à une lecture minutieuse des éléments discursifs et matériels présents dans les publications que l’ambassade portugaise produit, ou qu’elle espérait fomenter, afin de reconstituer au plus proche les intentions de leurs rédacteurs et éditeurs, voire les réflexions et réactions plus immédiates que ces publications pouvaient susciter chez les lecteurs et dans une partie substantielle de la société française. / This thesis studies the relationships between diplomatic activities and the publication of books, journals, and pamphlets in the mid-17th century in the context of the initial development of Portuguese Restauration diplomacy in France. It is about examining in detail the goals, field of action, and initiatives of the new monarch’s representatives who intervene in the circulation of political information and in the world of books and typography workshops, giving exclusive attention to the circumstance of the first mission sent to Paris in 1641 and to some aspects of actions of the following embassies, until the return to Lisbon of the Marquis of Niza’s delegation in 1649.It will be possible, firstly, to distinguish a series of circumstances and publications prior to the arrival of the Portuguese envoys and then observe visits and contacts that they establish in France, as well as all kind of daily occupations linked to the diffusion of information, writing, and the circulation of hand-written and printed pieces. This narrower time scale will allow, in addition, investigations on the literary, rhetorical, and informational practices that were part of the editorial landscape found in France by John IV’s agents. All these studies contribute to a meticulous reading of discursive and material elements present in the publications that the embassy produced, or had hoped to incentivize, with the goal of reconstituting as much as possible the intentions of its writers and editors, or even the most immediate reflections and reactions that these publications could arouse in readers and in a substantial part of French society.

In diesem Beitrag werden Publikationsmotivation und -formen sowie die Vor- und Nachteile von Open Access beschrieben und am Beispiel des Fee-Free-Open-Access-Journals Zeitschrift für Nachwuchswissenschaftler erläutert. / In this paper, publications motivation and forms are described, as well as, the pros and cons of Open Access. They are explained using the fee-free open access journal German Journal of Young Researchers as an example.

This research examines the current recognition and implementation of children’s socio-economic rights in Ethiopian law. Ethiopia has ratified international instruments of children’s rights, to wit, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the International Convention on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights as well as regional instruments such as the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child and these instruments are made to be part of the Ethiopian law. However, there is neither a translation nor publication of these instruments and these facts obstruct their implementation, as the working language of domestic courts is different from the language of the instruments. Ethiopia also does not incorporate children’s socio-economic rights in its Constitution. Neither does it have separate legislation on children’s rights. Despite the commitment shown by its ratification of international children’s rights instruments, Ethiopia has not yet done anything meaningful towards the realisation of children’s socio-economic rights. Mere ratification of international instruments cannot rectify the lifelong hardship of Ethiopian children without actual implementation. Hence, this dissertation discusses the incorporation of children’s socio-economic rights in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia’s Constitution, domestication of international children’s rights instruments and the lack of a separate act outlining children’s rights in the Ethiopian legal system in order to establish why current child law in Ethiopia does not solve the suffering of Ethiopian children. The current reality with regard to children’s socio-economic rights in Ethiopia is not an insurmountable hurdle. This dissertation recommends translation into the domestic working language of Ethiopian courts and publication of international children’s rights instruments in order to ease the problem regarding awareness of the laws, as well as their status and validity. Ethiopia could enact a separate act for children’s rights, as well as enshrine the socio-economic entitlements of children in its Constitution. The South African experience is also worthy of consideration. Ethiopian courts should interpret domesticated international instruments by relying on the FDRE Constitution as a legal ground. / LLM (Comparative Child Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This research examines the current recognition and implementation of children’s socio-economic rights in Ethiopian law. Ethiopia has ratified international instruments of children’s rights, to wit, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the International Convention on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights as well as regional instruments such as the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child and these instruments are made to be part of the Ethiopian law. However, there is neither a translation nor publication of these instruments and these facts obstruct their implementation, as the working language of domestic courts is different from the language of the instruments. Ethiopia also does not incorporate children’s socio-economic rights in its Constitution. Neither does it have separate legislation on children’s rights. Despite the commitment shown by its ratification of international children’s rights instruments, Ethiopia has not yet done anything meaningful towards the realisation of children’s socio-economic rights. Mere ratification of international instruments cannot rectify the lifelong hardship of Ethiopian children without actual implementation. Hence, this dissertation discusses the incorporation of children’s socio-economic rights in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia’s Constitution, domestication of international children’s rights instruments and the lack of a separate act outlining children’s rights in the Ethiopian legal system in order to establish why current child law in Ethiopia does not solve the suffering of Ethiopian children. The current reality with regard to children’s socio-economic rights in Ethiopia is not an insurmountable hurdle. This dissertation recommends translation into the domestic working language of Ethiopian courts and publication of international children’s rights instruments in order to ease the problem regarding awareness of the laws, as well as their status and validity. Ethiopia could enact a separate act for children’s rights, as well as enshrine the socio-economic entitlements of children in its Constitution. The South African experience is also worthy of consideration. Ethiopian courts should interpret domesticated international instruments by relying on the FDRE Constitution as a legal ground. / LLM (Comparative Child Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014