A hipersensibilidade a veneno de Hymenoptera representa importante problema do ponto de vista de saúde da população, uma vez que pacientes alérgicos aos componentes do veneno podem desenvolver reações graves, às vezes fatais. A única profilaxia efetiva em pacientes sensibilizados é a imunoterapia veneno específica. Objetivos: avaliar as evidências científicas a respeito dos efeitos da imunoterapia específica utilizada na profilaxia secundária das reações graves em pacientes sensibilizados a veneno de Hymenoptera, por meio da realização de uma revisão sistemática. Métodos: a estratégia de busca seguiu as recomendações do Grupo de Pele da Colaboração Cochrane. A pesquisa foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library), EMBASE, LILACS, SciSEARCH e nas referências de artigos mais relevantes. Todos os ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados envolvendo imunoterapia com veneno de Hymenoptera versus imunoterapia com placebo ou apenas seguimento dos pacientes foram avaliados. Dois revisores de forma independente (ASW e LAMF) avaliaram a elegibilidade e a qualidade metodológica de cada ensaio clínico e extraíram os dados. O risco de reações sistêmicas, conseqüentes a ferroada acidental ou a teste de provocação com o inseto responsável, após a imunoterapia específica, foi avaliado por meio do cálculo do odds ratio e do respectivo intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: 2267 resumos foram identificados. A maioria dos artigos foi excluída pelas seguintes razões: os estudos não eram controlados e randomizados ou não satisfaziam alguns critérios de inclusão. Apenas quatro estudos foram analisados. A idade dos pacientes variou entre dois e 65 anos. Apenas um estudo comparou imunoterapia com veneno de formiga contra placebo (Brown et al.) e três estudos (Hunt et al., Schubert et al. e Valentine et al.) comparam imunoterapia com venenos de abelha e vespa contra placebo ou seguimento de pacientes. Em cada estudo, o odds ratio para reações sistêmicas foi: Hunt et al.- Grupo I (veneno) x III (placebo): 0,10 (0,01 <OR < 0,68) Schubert et al.: 0,35 (0,05<OR<2,56); Valentine et al.: 0,16 (0,02 < OR < 1,21) e Brown et al.: 0,04 (0,01<OR<0,28). Após o teste de heterogeneidade, apenas dois estudos (Schuberth 1983 e Valentine 1990) se mostraram homogêneos o suficiente e assim puderam ser incluídos na meta-análise (p = 0,623). Ao combinar os dois estudos, o odds ratio passou a ser significativo: 0.29 (0.10 a 0.87). Entretanto, ao analisar a gravidade das reações ocorridas após a imunoterapia, observou-se que os benefícios podem não ser tão relevantes, pois as reações foram, na grande maioria, ou mais leves ou semelhantes à reação original. Conclusões: A imunoterapia específica deve ser recomendada para adultos que apresentaram reações sistêmicas e para crianças com reações moderadas a graves, porém não é necessária em crianças que apresentaram apenas reações cutâneas após ferroada de abelha ou vespa, principalmente se a exposição for esporádica. / Background: Hymenoptera venom hypersensitivity is a significant public health problem. For patients who are allergic to components of the venom, reactions can be severe and sometimes fatal. The only effective treatment in the management of those patients is the specific venom immunotherapy. Objective: to assess the effects of the specific venom immunotherapy for Hymenoptera venom hypersensitivity through a systematic review. Methods: the standard search strategy of the Cochrane Skin Group was used for searches of electronic and other databases. These included MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library), EMBASE, LILACS, SciSEARCH and the references of relevant articles. All randomized controlled trials involving Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy versus immunotherapy with placebo or only follow-up of the patients were included. Two independent reviewers (ASW and LAMF) assessed the eligibility, and the methodological quality of each trial, and extracted the data. Post immunotherapy risk of systemic reactions after either challenge or accidental stings was calculated through the odds ratio and respective 95 percent confidence interval. Main results: 2,267 abstracts, identified through electronic sources, were assessed. Most articles were excluded for the following reasons: the studies did not satisfy all the inclusion criteria or they were not randomized controlled trials. Four studies were included on this review. The age of the participants varied between two and 65 years. Only one study compared ant venom immunotherapy with placebo (Brown et al.) and three studies (Hunt et al., Schubert et al. and Valentine et al.) compared bees and wasps immunotherapy with placebo or simply patient follow-up. In each study, the odds ratio to a systemic reaction was: Hunt et al.- Group I (venom) x III(placebo): 0,10 (0,01 < OR < 0,68) Schubert et al.: 0,35 (0,05 < OR < 2,56); Valentine et al.: 0,16 (0,02 < OR < 1,21) and Brown et al.: 0,04 (0,01 < OR < 0,28). After the heterogeneity test (p = 0,623), only two studies (Schuberth 1983 and Valentine 1990) were homogeneous enough as to be included in a meta-analysis. The summary odds ratio was 0.29 (IC 95%: 0.10 - 0.87). However, when the severity of the reaction occurring after the sting challenge or accidental sting was taken into account, the benefits were not so relevant because the reactions were, for the most, milder than the original one. Conclusions: The specific-venom immunotherapy must be recommended for adults with systemic reactions and for children with moderate to severe reactions, but there is no need to prescribe it for children who present only skin reactions after insects sting, particularly if the exposure is sporadic.

Submitted by José Viana (jviana@id.uff.br) on 2018-01-17T14:00:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Uso de plataformas online de publicação independente por pesquisadores.pdf: 36435975 bytes, checksum: 9c3f4568e317766cd659f465d6f1c2e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-17T14:00:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Uso de plataformas online de publicação independente por pesquisadores.pdf: 36435975 bytes, checksum: 9c3f4568e317766cd659f465d6f1c2e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Universidade Federal Fluminense. Superintêndencia de Documentação. Centro de Memória Fluminense / A pesquisa tem por objeto de estudo da produção científica de professores doutores de universidades brasileiras disponível em plataformas online de publicação independente. Considera que a publicação independente consiste na publicação de qualquer livro ou recurso multimídia pelo autor da obra, sem a intervenção de um terceiro estabelecido como editor. Verifica as plataformas brasileiras de publicação online, identifica os professores doutores que publicaram livros científicos nos últimos 10 anos nessas plataformas e analisa características dessa produção. Adota como estratégia metodológica um recorte, utilizando como universo empírico os professores doutores brasileiros cadastrados em cinco plataformas de publicação brasileiras. Mapeia as plataformas (nacionais e estrangeiras), os autores, os livros produzidos e as características editoriais das obras. Encontra no universo das plataformas nacionais, 43 professores doutores de universidades brasileiras com publicações nessas plataformas. Emprega o survey para operacionalizar a pesquisa de campo e utiliza como instrumento de coleta de dados adotado o questionário. Atesta que os autores acadêmicos de todas as áreas estão publicando em plataformas online. Demonstra que amaioria dos autores (75%) ficou muito satisfeito com a publicação de seu trabalho nas plataformas online. Infere que, de modo geral, os pesquisadores estão satisfeitos com o processo em si.  Conclui que a publicação independente nas plataformas é vista como vantajosa pelos pesquisados. Aponta como desvantagens o marketing deficiente e a comercialização. / Sim / The aim of the research is to study the scientific production of the brazilian university doctorate professors available on independent publishing platforms. The independent publication consists of the publication of any book or multimedia resource by the author without the intervention of a third party established as an editor. The specific objectives are: identify the Brazilian publishing platforms, identify the professors who have published scientific books in the last 10 years in these platforms and to verify the characteristics of this production. As a methodological strategy, a sample was adopted, using as empirical universe the Brazilian doctorate teachers enrolled in five Brazilian publishing platforms. To meet the proposed objectives, the research mapped the platforms (national and foreign), the authors, the books produced and the editorial features of the works. In the universe of national platforms, 43 professors from Brazilian universities were found. In relation of methodology, the technique used is the survey and the instrument of data collection adopted is the questionnaire. As a conclusion it is stated that academic authors from all areas are publishing on online platforms. The research demonstrated that most authors (75%) were very pleased with the publication of their work on the online platforms. And they are generally satisfied with the process itself. In the academic environment where publishing speed is paramount for the advancement of science, independent publishing on the platforms brings the resolution of this problem because it was pointed out as the greatest advantage by the respondents. Disadvantages were limited promotion and market.

Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d’étudier l’ensemble de l’œuvre diaristique de Jean Cocteau. Le poète tient huit différents journaux personnels de 1928 jusqu’à sa mort en 1963 : Opium. Journal de désintoxication, Tour du monde en 80 jours, Journal 1942-1945, La Belle et la Bête. Journal d’un film, La Difficulté d’être, Maalesh. Journal d’une tournée de théâtre, Journal d’un inconnu et Le Passé défini. D’abord, nous présenterons la pratique du journal chez l’auteur et définirons l’approche qu’il a du genre. Il s’agit d’une part, de démontrer l’importance de cette activité pour le poète et, d’autre part, de relever l’originalité de cette forme d’écriture chez le diariste. Ensuite, nous nous attarderons sur deux éléments essentiels de sa conception du genre : la publication et la destination. Dans un premier temps, nous nous intéresserons au travail éditorial de l’écrivain, afin de comprendre comment il inscrit l’ensemble de ses journaux dans le champ de la production littéraire. Dans un deuxième temps, nous définirons le lecteur modèle du diariste et distinguerons les différentes stratégies de captation auxquelles recourt le poète. C’est à travers le regard du futur lecteur, qui s’oppose à celui du critique contemporain à Cocteau, que ce dernier aspire à immortaliser son âme démasquée. / In this thesis, we take on Jean Cocteau’s full body of diaristic work. The poet has eight different diaries to his name spanning from 1928 until his death in 1963 : Opium. Journal de désintoxication, Tour du monde en 80 jours, Journal 1942-1945, La Belle et la Bête. Journal d’un film, La Difficulté d’être, Maalesh. Journal d’une tournée de théâtre, Journal d’un inconnu and Le Passé défini.We will begin by presenting the author’s diaristic practice and defining his approach to the genre. The aim is to demonstrate this activity’s importance to the poet on the one hand, and reveal the diarist’s originality in this form of writing on the other.Then, we will focus on two essential elements in his conception of the genre: publication and readership. We will firstly attend to the writer’s editorial work in order to understand where he positions the sum of his diaries within the field of literature. Secondly, we will define the typical diary reader and identify the different harnessing strategies the poet resorts to. It is with an eye on the potential reader, who is in direct opposition with Cocteau’s contemporary critic, that the writer aspires to immortalize his unmasked soul.

Detta examensarbete utfördes på Saab AB, Support &amp; Service, i Tannefors, Linköping, samt vid Institutionen för datavetenskap på Linköpings universitet. Ett moment i kvalitetsarbetet för komplexa industriprodukter, som till exempel flygplan, är att skifta från tvådimensionellt konstruktionsunderlag till tredimensionellt. Tredimensionella modeller har funnits i flera år. Nackdelen med dessa modeller är att de inte kunnat bära någon extra information, förutom den information som krävs för att de ska vara uppritade. Tekniken har gått framåt och nu går det att lagra teknikinformation i modellerna samt göra simuleringar som inte gått att göra förut. I och med att teknikinformation finns i modellerna, går det även att använda denna information till de olika publikationer som skrivs. Syftet med denna studie är att analysera hur teknikinformationsflödet mellan modeller och användare kan komma att se ut vid användning av modellbaserat konstruktionsunderlag, samt att föreslå exempel på hur tekniska publikationer för Gripen NG kan komma att se ut i framtiden. När all information finns i modellen, behövs inte lika mycket personal som redigerar bilder eller skriver text. Detta kommer innebära ekonomisk vinst och efter ett tags användning, kommer det även ge en ytterligare ekonomisk vinst, eftersom användarna har lärt sig hur produkten fungerar och på så sätt blivit effektivare på att använda den än de nuvarande dokumenten. / This thesis was carried out at Saab AB, Support &amp; Service, in Tannefors, Linköping, and at the Department of Computer Science at Linköping University. One item in the quality work for complex industrial products, such as aircrafts, is to shift from two-dimensional design data to three-dimensional. Three-dimensional models have been around for years. The disadvantage of these models is that they could not carry any extra information, in addition to the information necessary for them to be plotted. The technology has moved on and now it is possible to store technical information in the models and do simulations that didn't work before. As the technical information is contained in the models, you can also use this information to the various publications that are printed. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the technical information flow between models and users, and also to propose examples of how technical publications for the Gripen NG may be in the future when using model-based design documents. Once all information is in the model, it is not needed to have as much staff employed for editing pictures or writing text. This will involve a financial gain, and after some time, it will also provide an additional financial benefit, because the users have learned how the product works and will be more efficient in using it than the current documents.

Louis Figuier (1819-1894) est un scientifique français qui s’est orienté vers la publication d’ouvrages de vulgarisation destinés au grand public du XIXe siècle. Parmi les inventions scientifiques qu’il a traitées dans ses publications depuis la fin des années 1840, figure à plusieurs reprises la photographie. Le corpus principal de notre réflexion porte sur des ouvrages de Figuier publiés entre les années 1840 et 1880, et à des publications d’autres auteurs de cette époque, abordant chacune la photographie. Notre recherche vise d’abord à analyser comment Figuier a envisagé la relation entre l’art et la photographie. Elle examine ensuite l’influence des idées de Figuier sur le regard porté sur la photographie par la société de son époque. Puis elle étudie l’impact de son analyse concernant la valeur artistique de la photographie, sur une nouvelle façon d’aborder la vulgarisation de la science. La première partie porte sur l’étude approfondie des ouvrages de Figuier et d’articles de revues, à partir de l’invention de la photographie jusqu’au début des années 1850. Elle a pour but de décrire les impacts sociaux de cette invention et d’étudier les remarques de Figuier sur ce procédé, dans ses premières publications. La deuxième partie examine la controverse sur la valeur artistique de la photographie dans les années 1850 et la contribution des ouvrages de Figuier à cette discussion. La troisième partie aborde des ouvrages de Figuier publiés à partir des années 1870 et analyse la manière dont Figuier a cherché à dépasser le cadre traditionnel de la science et à lui donner une nouvelle définition / Louis Figuier (1819-1894) is a French scientist and scientific popularizer who published many works for the general public in nineteenth-century France. Since the late 1840s, one invention in particular with which Figuier involved himself was photography. The main corpus of our research covers Figuier’s works printed between the 1840s and 1880s, along with publications on photography by contemporary writers. First, our research aims to analyze how Figuier envisioned the relationship between art and photography. Second, it examines Figuier’s opinions and their influence on society’s views of photography, and how his analyses concerning the artistic value of photography influenced him in his own efforts to revitalize the notion of science.The first section examines Figuier’s works and journal articles written by his contemporaries, starting from the invention of photography and leading up to the 1850s. It also considers the social impact of photography at the time, and Figuier’s early works in which he remarks about the process.The second section explains the controversy surrounding the artistic value of photography during the 1850s, and the works Figuier contributes to this discussion. The third section explores Figuier’s works published since the 1870s, and explains how Figuier aimed to exceed the traditional definition of science and offer a new interpretation

Le contexte de cette thèse est à l’intersection des contextes des grilles de calculs, des nouvelles technologies du Web ainsi que des Clouds et des services à la demande. Depuis leur avènement au cours des années 90, les plates-formes distribuées, plus précisément les systèmes de grilles de calcul (Grid Computing), n’ont pas cessé d’évoluer permettant ainsi de susciter multiple efforts de recherche. Les grilles de PCs ont été proposées comme une alternative aux super-calculateurs par la fédération des milliers d’ordinateurs de bureau. Les détails de la mise en oeuvre d’une telle architecture de grille, en termes de mécanismes de mutualisation des ressources, restent très difficile à cerner. Parallèlement, le Web a complètement modifié notre façon d’accéder à l’information. Le Web est maintenant une composante essentielle de notre quotidien. Les équipements ont, à leur tour, évolué d’ordinateurs de bureau ou ordinateurs portables aux tablettes, lecteurs multimédias, consoles de jeux, smartphones, ou NetPCs. Cette évolution exige d’adapter et de repenser les applications/intergiciels de grille de PCs qui ont été développés ces dernières années. Notre contribution se résume dans la réalisation d’un intergiciel de grille de PCs que nous avons appelé RedisDG. Dans son fonctionnement, RedisDG reste similaire à la plupart des intergiciels de grilles de calcul, c’est-à-dire qu’il est capable d’exécuter des applications sous forme de «sacs de tâches» dans un environnement distribué, assurer le monitoring des noeuds, valider et certifier les résultats. L’innovation de RedisDG, réside dans l’intégration de la modélisation et la vérification formelles dans sa phase de conception, ce qui est non conventionnel mais très pertinent dans notre domaine. Notre approche consiste à repenser les grilles de PCs à partir d’une réflexion et d’un cadre formel permettant de les développer, de manière rigoureuse et de mieux maîtriser les évolutions technologiques à venir. / The context of this work is at the intersection of grid computing, the new Web technologies and the Clouds and services on demand contexts. Desktop Grid have been proposed as an alternative to supercomputers by the federation of thousands of desktops. The details of the implementation of such an architecture, in terms of resource sharing mechanisms, remain very hard. Meanwhile, the Web has completely changed the way we access information. The equipment, in turn, have evolved from desktops or laptops to tablets, smartphones or NetPCs. Our approach is to rethink Desktop Grids from a reflexion and a formal framework to develop them rigorously and better control future technological developments. We have reconsidered the interactions between the traditional components of a Desktop Grid based on the Web technology, and given birth to RedisDG, a new Desktop Grid middelware capable to operate on small devices, ie smartphones, tablets like the more traditional devicves (PCs). Our system is entirely based on the publish-subscribe paradigm. RedisDG is developped with Python and uses Redis as advanced key-value cache and store.

The mechanisms of interaction between inorganic matter and biomolecules, as well as properties of resulting hybrids, are receiving growing interest due to the rapidly developing field of bionanotechnology. The majority of potential applications for metal-biohybrid structures require stability of these systems under vacuum conditions, where their chemistry is elusive, and may differ dramatically from the interaction between biomolecules and metal ions in vivo. Here we report for the first time a photoemission and X-ray absorption study of the formation of a hybrid metal-protein system, tracing step-by-step the chemical interactions between the protein and metals (Cu and Fe) in vacuo. Our experiments reveal stabilization of the enol form of peptide bonds as the result of protein-metal interactions for both metals. The resulting complex with copper appears to be rather stable. In contrast, the system with iron decomposes to form inorganic species like oxide, carbide, nitride, and cyanide.

The diploma thesis documents the 6 years long period of the Graphic Design Studio 1 and also contemplates the future of this "space" and the field in general.

Electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) are an evolving genre of graduate student research that is gaining widespread acceptance among universities in the international community. ETDs are also beginning to diffuse slowly among American universities; however, a number of issues continue to work against more rapid adoption among intitutions in the United States. This dissertation examines ETDs as an evolving electronic research genre by (1) historicizing the situated development of its predecessor, the traditional print dissertation, in nineteenth century German and American Universities; (2) reporting on the current state of the Networked Digital Library of Electronic Theses and Dissertations, an initiative of Virginia Polytechnic University; (3) analyzing ETDs as a technological innovation undergoing the diffusion process according to Emmet Roger's Diffusion of Innovation Theory; and (4) presenting the results of an ETD pilot project case study carried out at the University of South Florida.

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