The goal of this study was to quantify the ambient air concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from three locations within the Howard Curren Wastewater Treatment Facility located in Tampa, Florida. PBDEs have been linked to endocrine disruption, cancer, developmental concerns in children, as well as other toxic effects; however their precise roles concerning these deleterious effects remains to be determined. The present study was motivated by these potential health concerns posed by inhalational exposure to PBDEs. Ambient air was monitored with a Tisch Environmental PUF high volume sampler for 48 hours with collection on three types of media-quarts filter, PUF (polyurethane foam) and XAD-2 resin. The samples were then analyzed with GC/MS (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) for eight PBDEs that are routinely detected. The results showed elevated levels of PBDEs at the 2nd and 3rd sampling locations indicating a possible increased presence in the ambient air at the facility. Levels of PBDE 47 ranked highest amongst the detected congeners. PBDE 209 was not detected at any site. The present results indicate that PBDEs may lead to an inhalational exposure, thus future experimentation is needed to fully evaluate the health complications associated with inhalational exposure route to PBDEs.

abstract: Digital systems are increasingly pervading in the everyday lives of humans. The security of these systems is a concern due to the sensitive data stored in them. The physically unclonable function (PUF) implemented on hardware provides a way to protect these systems. Static random-access memories (SRAMs) are designed and used as a strong PUF to generate random numbers unique to the manufactured integrated circuit (IC). Digital systems are important to the technological improvements in space exploration. Space exploration requires radiation hardened microprocessors which minimize the functional disruptions in the presence of radiation. The design highly efficient radiation-hardened microprocessor for enabling spacecraft (HERMES) is a radiation-hardened microprocessor with performance comparable to the commercially available designs. These designs are manufactured using a foundry complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) 55-nm triple-well process. This thesis presents the post silicon validation results of the HERMES and the PUF mode of SRAM across process corners. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the blocks implemented on the test chip 25. It also talks about the pre-silicon functional verification methodology used for the test chip. Chapter 2 discusses about the post silicon testing setup of test chip 25 and the validation of the setup. Chapter 3 describes the architecture and the test bench of the HERMES along with its testing results. Chapter 4 discusses the test bench and the perl scripts used to test the SRAM along with its testing results. Chapter 5 gives a summary of the post-silicon validation results of the HERMES and the PUF mode of SRAM. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2017

付記する学位プログラム名: 充実した健康長寿社会を築く総合医療開発リーダー育成プログラム / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(薬科学) / 甲第21712号 / 薬科博第103号 / 新制||薬科||11(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院薬学研究科薬科学専攻 / (主査)教授 二木 史朗, 教授 中山 和久, 教授 掛谷 秀昭 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

The theme of the thesis is Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF). The following objectives were assigned: to provide a literature research concerning PUFs, to perform a property analysis to select appropriate type of PUF for implementation and to realize an authentication cryptosystem based on the chosen PUF. Based on the research, the cryptosystem was designed based on ring oscillator PUF. The proposed cryptosystem is tested in several scenarios with the maximal rate of successful authentication of 81%. The cryptosystem also allows to be used for device identification. Furthermore, the results were discussed and suitable improvements of design was proposed. Besides the cryptosystem itself, the thesis also introduced a unique comparison of existing types of PUFs.

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Modern Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) can accommodate complex system-on-chip designs and require extensive intellectual-property (IP) support. However, current IP protection mechanisms in FPGAs are limited, and do not reach beyond whole-design bitstream encryption. This work presents an architecture and protocol for securing IP based designs in programmable platforms. The architecture is reprsented by the Secure Authentication Module (SAM), an enabler for next-generation intellectual-property exchange in complex FPGAs. SAM protects hardware, software, application data, and also provides mutual assurances for the end-user and the intellectual-property developer. Further, this work demonstrates the use of SAM in a secure video messaging device on top of a Virtex-II Pro development system. / Master of Science

Proteínas PUF regulam a estabilidade e a tradução através da ligação a seqüências específicas nas regiões 3\' não traduzidas (3\' UTR) dos mensageiros. A ligação é mediada por um domínio de ligação conservado constituído por 8 repetições de aproximadamente 36 aminoácidos cada. Experimentos realizados no sistema triplo-híbrido de levedura mostraram que os homólogos PUF de Arabidopsis APUM-1, APUM-2 e APUM-3 são capazes de ligar especificamente à seqüência chamada de Elemento de Resposta a NANOS (NRE) reconhecida pelo homólogo PUF de Drosophila. A utilização de bibliotecas de expressão de RNA em ensaios no sistema triplo-híbrido permitiu a identificação de seqüências de ligação consenso para as três proteínas APUM. Análises computacionais identificaram elementos de ligação a APUM em regiões 3\' UTR de importantes transcritos relacionados ao controle do meristema do caule e à manutenção das células totipotentes. Nós mostramos que os homólogos APUM-l, APUM-2 e APUM-3 reconhecem elementos de ligação a APUM nas regiões 3\' UTR dos transcritos WUSCHEL, CLAVATA-1, ZWILLE e FASCIATA-2. Ensaios de RT-PCR e Western blot semiquantitativos mostraram que a quantidade dos transcritos WUSHEL e CLAVATA-1 é alterada em plantas antisenso induzíveis para APUM-l, APUM-2 e APUM-3. A relevância biológica dessas interações foi observada através de ensaios de coimunoprecipitação, confirmando, portanto, o primeiro caso de regulação traducional descrito para os mensageiros WUSCHEL e CLAVATA-1. Análises computacionais adicionais para a identificação de outros homólogos PUF em Arabidopsis encontraram vinte e cinco proteínas possuindo repetições PUF. Entre elas, os homólogos APUM-4, APUM-S e APUM-6 apresentam alta similaridade com as proteínas APUM-l, APUM-2 e APUM-3, sendo capazes de ligar especificamente à seqüência NRE e aos elementos de ligação a APUM presentes nas regiões 3\' UTR dos transcritos WUSCHEL, CLAVATA-1, ZWILLE e FASCIATA-ts resultados indicam que vários homólogos PUF podem agir como reguladores traducionais em Arabidopsis através de um mecanismo molecular conservado entre as espécies, podendo abrir uma nova área de investigação da regulação de mRNA em plantas. / PUF proteins regulate stability and translation through sequence-specific binding to 3\' untranslated regions (UTR) oftarget mRNA transcripts. Binding is mediated by a conserved PUF domain which contains 8 repeats of approximately 36 amino acids each. Through three-hybrid assays, we have found that APUM-1, APUM-2 and APUM-3 Arabidopsis PUF homologs can bind specifically to the NANOS Response Element sequence (NRE) recognized by Drosophila PUF homologo Using Arabidopsis RNA libraries in three-hybrid screenings, we were able to identify APUM binding consensus sequences. A computational analysis allowed us to identify the APUM binding element within the 3\' UTR in many Arabidopsis transcripts, even in important mRNAs related to shoot and stem cell maintenance. We show that APUM-1, APUM-2 and APUM-3 are able to bind specifically to APUM binding elements in the 3\' UTR of WUSCHEL, CLAVATA-1, ZWILLE and FASCIATA-2 transcripts. RT-PCR and Western blot semiquantitatives assays showed altered WUSHEL and CLAVATA-1 amounts in APUM-1, APUM-2 and APUM-3 antisense plants. The biologic relevance of these interactions was observed with co-immunoprecipitation assay, which confirmed the first example of translational regulation to WUSCHEL and CLA VATA-1 transcripts. Computational analysis to identify others PUF homologs in Arabidopsis found twenty five proteins presenting PUF repeats. Among them, we found that APUM-4, APUM-S and APUM-6 homologs are very similar to APUM-1, APUM2 and APUM-3 and also are able to bind specifically to the NRE sequence and to APUM binding elements in the 3\' UTR of WUSCHEL, CLAVATA-1, ZWILLE and FASCIATA-2 transcripts. Our results indicate that the APUM proteins may act as regulators in Arabidopsis through an evolutionarily conserved mechanism, which may open up a new approach to investigate mRNA regulation in plants.

Proteínas PUF regulam a estabilidade e a tradução através da ligação a seqüências específicas nas regiões 3\' não traduzidas (3\' UTR) dos mensageiros. A ligação é mediada por um domínio de ligação conservado constituído por 8 repetições de aproximadamente 36 aminoácidos cada. Experimentos realizados no sistema triplo-híbrido de levedura mostraram que os homólogos PUF de Arabidopsis APUM-1, APUM-2 e APUM-3 são capazes de ligar especificamente à seqüência chamada de Elemento de Resposta a NANOS (NRE) reconhecida pelo homólogo PUF de Drosophila. A utilização de bibliotecas de expressão de RNA em ensaios no sistema triplo-híbrido permitiu a identificação de seqüências de ligação consenso para as três proteínas APUM. Análises computacionais identificaram elementos de ligação a APUM em regiões 3\' UTR de importantes transcritos relacionados ao controle do meristema do caule e à manutenção das células totipotentes. Nós mostramos que os homólogos APUM-l, APUM-2 e APUM-3 reconhecem elementos de ligação a APUM nas regiões 3\' UTR dos transcritos WUSCHEL, CLAVATA-1, ZWILLE e FASCIATA-2. Ensaios de RT-PCR e Western blot semiquantitativos mostraram que a quantidade dos transcritos WUSHEL e CLAVATA-1 é alterada em plantas antisenso induzíveis para APUM-l, APUM-2 e APUM-3. A relevância biológica dessas interações foi observada através de ensaios de coimunoprecipitação, confirmando, portanto, o primeiro caso de regulação traducional descrito para os mensageiros WUSCHEL e CLAVATA-1. Análises computacionais adicionais para a identificação de outros homólogos PUF em Arabidopsis encontraram vinte e cinco proteínas possuindo repetições PUF. Entre elas, os homólogos APUM-4, APUM-S e APUM-6 apresentam alta similaridade com as proteínas APUM-l, APUM-2 e APUM-3, sendo capazes de ligar especificamente à seqüência NRE e aos elementos de ligação a APUM presentes nas regiões 3\' UTR dos transcritos WUSCHEL, CLAVATA-1, ZWILLE e FASCIATA-ts resultados indicam que vários homólogos PUF podem agir como reguladores traducionais em Arabidopsis através de um mecanismo molecular conservado entre as espécies, podendo abrir uma nova área de investigação da regulação de mRNA em plantas. / PUF proteins regulate stability and translation through sequence-specific binding to 3\' untranslated regions (UTR) oftarget mRNA transcripts. Binding is mediated by a conserved PUF domain which contains 8 repeats of approximately 36 amino acids each. Through three-hybrid assays, we have found that APUM-1, APUM-2 and APUM-3 Arabidopsis PUF homologs can bind specifically to the NANOS Response Element sequence (NRE) recognized by Drosophila PUF homologo Using Arabidopsis RNA libraries in three-hybrid screenings, we were able to identify APUM binding consensus sequences. A computational analysis allowed us to identify the APUM binding element within the 3\' UTR in many Arabidopsis transcripts, even in important mRNAs related to shoot and stem cell maintenance. We show that APUM-1, APUM-2 and APUM-3 are able to bind specifically to APUM binding elements in the 3\' UTR of WUSCHEL, CLAVATA-1, ZWILLE and FASCIATA-2 transcripts. RT-PCR and Western blot semiquantitatives assays showed altered WUSHEL and CLAVATA-1 amounts in APUM-1, APUM-2 and APUM-3 antisense plants. The biologic relevance of these interactions was observed with co-immunoprecipitation assay, which confirmed the first example of translational regulation to WUSCHEL and CLA VATA-1 transcripts. Computational analysis to identify others PUF homologs in Arabidopsis found twenty five proteins presenting PUF repeats. Among them, we found that APUM-4, APUM-S and APUM-6 homologs are very similar to APUM-1, APUM2 and APUM-3 and also are able to bind specifically to the NRE sequence and to APUM binding elements in the 3\' UTR of WUSCHEL, CLAVATA-1, ZWILLE and FASCIATA-2 transcripts. Our results indicate that the APUM proteins may act as regulators in Arabidopsis through an evolutionarily conserved mechanism, which may open up a new approach to investigate mRNA regulation in plants.