Bakgrund: Uppförandekoder har blivit ett välkänt CSR-verktyg i Sverige sen slutet av 1990-talet, och det vanligaste sättet att säkerställa efterlevnaden är genom kontroller. Dock har det visat sig att kontrollerna ofta lyfter fram problem utan att tillhandahålla lösningar och att företag tenderar att agera reaktivt, särskilt inköpsavdelningen. Det pågår därför en diskussion om huruvida företag istället borde fokusera på grundproblemen och gå från krav och kontroller mot fördjupade engagemang, incitament och ett socialt ansvarsfullt agerande från inköpsavdelningen. Syfte: Detta examensarbetes syfte är att analysera hur de valda fallföretagen arbetar med efterlevnaden av uppförandekoder för leverantörer, förklara vilka faktorer som direkt och indirekt påverkar efterlevnaden samt sammanställa ett antal riktlinjer för hur företag i Sverige kan arbeta med uppförandekoder i framtiden. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ forskningsansats med utgångspunkt i det realistiska perspektivet. Det är en komparativ flerfallsstudie där vi genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra fallföretag insamlat empirisk data som vi analyserat och jämfört med hjälp av vår teoretiskt framtagna analysmodell. Slutsats: Strategin med fokus på långa samarbeten, utbildning och utveckling samt incitament som rekommenderas för att få ett lyckat utfall av uppförandekoden återfinns i mycket liten skala hos fallföretagen. Företagen använder sig fortfarande främst av krav och kontroller, men små tendenser mot den rekommenderade strategin börjar visa sig. / Background: Since the end of the 1990’s, code of conducts has become a well-known tool for managing CSR in Swedish companies, and the most common way to ensure compliance is through monitoring. Although, studies have shown that monitoring is mostly raising the issues without providing any sustainable solutions. Companies tend to be reactive, especially the purchasing department. For that reason, there is an ongoing discussion suggesting that companies should focus on the root causes instead, leave the monitoring behind and use greater commitment, incentives and socially responsible actions from the purchasing department. Aim: The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how our chosen companies are working with the compliance of their code of conduct for suppliers, explain which elements that directly and indirectly affect the compliance and compile a guideline for how companies in Sweden can work with their code of conducts in the future. Methodology: This study has a qualitative research approach and a realistic perspective. It is a comparative multiple case study where we through semi-structured interviews with four companies have collected empirical data which we analyzed and compared using our theoretical analysis model. Conclusion: The strategy that focus on durable collaborations, education, training and incentives that is recommended in order to achieve a successful outcome of the code of conduct is found in a very small scale among the case companies. Companies are still mostly using requisites and controls, but there is a small tendency towards the recommended strategy.

This dissertation examines Cassell's theory of purchasing power parity within the context of post-World War II foreign exchange markets and government policies.

Small retailers are searching for a basis of competitive advantage to compete against larger retailers. The independent sales representative (rep) may represent such a basis. Little is known about how the role of reps and their performance is perceived by suppliers and retailers. We do not know what is expected from reps, if the reps' performance meets suppliers and retailers expectations, or whether met expectations lead to a basis of competitive advantage. Primarily, the study was designed to identify the role and contributions reps in the interactions between the supplier and retailer in the channel of distribution.

Program: MIMA student – International Marketing Course name: Master Thesis (EFO705) Title: Consumer behavior toward online purchasing behavior Authors: Kaorat ThienmongkolPongsatorn Thaisuntad Supervisor: Daniel Tolstoy Problem: “What factors trigger the online purchasing decision of young SwedishConsumer?” Purpose: The purpose of this report is to study the insights about the factors that triggerpurchasing behavior of young Swedish consumer to shopping on the internet.The result will enable managers of e-commerce firms to outline strategies topenetrate the Swedish market, and will also contribute to e-commerceliterature in general. The students who study and interested in this area will beable to use this result as their empirical data and to enhance their knowledge. Method: 160 questionnaires were used as primary data. Stockholm, Goteborg, Uppsala,Vasteras, and Eskiltuna are the cities that authors collected the data. Forsecondary data, authors collected data from the website. Conclusion: Young Swedish consumers have positive experience on online shopping, trustand like to shop online. They concern on the type of product when shoppingon the internet. And young Swedish consumer also effect by situational factor. Keyword: online shopping, online purchasing decision, consumer behavior

Title: Research on purchasing behaviour of runners in choosing running shoes Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to identify and describe purchasing behaviour of runners in all the phases of choosing running shoes. Purchasing behaviour is therefore investigated in the phase before purchasing running shoes, when purchasing running shoes and after that as well. Methods: An online survey method through a specialized website Click4survey has been used to obtain the resulting data. A questionnaire consisting of 26 questions, which helped to determine the results and to achieve the objectives of this thesis, was created on this website. Results: Purchasing behavior of runners in choosing running shoes was described based on information obtained from the online questionnaire. Runners collect information mostly from the internet, they highlight the comfort of the running shoes and they belong rather to satisfied and loyal customers. The ascertained values have brought also other interesting findings and also have brought a new perspective on the issue of purchasing behavior and decision-making process of a very specific customer group, the runners. Key words: running shoes, runners, purchasing behaviour, marketing research

This thesis deals with green public procurement as an instrument for integrating environmental considerations info public procurment. It focuses on legislative framework for public procurement in Czech republic and in the world, the assessment of environmental and economic effectiveness of green public procurement. It deals with the history of green public procurement and potential benefits of the environmental performance of public administration on the environment. The practical part is based on interviews with qualified primarily purchasing department selected organizations, which should follow the Government Resolution of 14 June 2010 Rules for application of the requirements for the award of public contracts and purchases of state and local governments, as described in the theoretical part.

The thesis provides further details related to the company purchasing activities (procurement). Using both theoretical and practical knowledge it gives further details on new phenomena related to purchasing process. The thesis is made of three main parts. The first one explains terms further used in the thesis. The next section provides more details on the most obvious trend which is movement from traditional understanding of purchasing to the attempts to build a relationship with the supplier. Besides this key phenomenon there are further examples/trends given. The last section relates to the explanation of how the proper purchasing process should be set-up in the global corporation.

Sammanfattning Titel: En studie om hur Front-of-packaging påverkar konsumenters attityder. Nivå: C-uppsats, examensarbete i ämnet företagsekonomi. Författare: Alexandra Ekstrand och Jasmine Wiberg. Handledare: Jonas Kågström och Benny Berggren. Datum: 2019-05-24. Syfte: Vårt syfte är att skapa en djupare förståelse för hur konsumenter värderar sötnings-relaterade hälsopåståenden på livsmedelsförpackningar. Metod: I denna studie har en kvantitativ metod använts där 186 enkätsvar samlades in via en webbaserad undersökning som publicerades på sociala medier. Enkätsvaren analyserades i data- och statistikprogrammet Jamovi där deskriptiva analyser samt faktoranalyser genomfördes. Resultat & diskussion: Ett genomgående drag för i stort sett alla faktoranalyser är att WTP inte påvisar något starkt samband gentemot övriga variabler. Det finns dock ett tydligt samband mellan köpintention och de specifika påståendena i samtliga av faktoranalyser. Det vi funnit är främst att natur- och närvarofokuserade sötningspåståenden på produktförpackningar genererar högst WTP samt att vetenskaps- och närvarofokuserade påståenden ger lägst WTP hos konsumenterna inom denna produktkategori när sötning är i fokus. Uppsatsens bidrag: Undersökningen har främst bidragit genom att utveckla och fördjupa det teoretiska ramverk som André et al. (2018) skapat. Studien har även skapat en djupare inblick i huruvida FOP:ers utformning och karaktär påverkar konsumenters preferenser och WTP samt givit granola-producenter viss vägledning kring vilken karaktär hos påståenden som preferens. Förslag till vidare forskning: Ett exempel på vidare forskning är att ge studien en ny vinkel genom att följa Bonilla (2010, s. 11) tes om att utföra experimentella studier för ett mer verklighetsförankrat resultat. T.ex. genom att utföra ett experiment som innefattar respondenternas interaktion med verkliga produkter och verkliga pengar.

The study researches how small Swedish businesses are currently working with sustainable development and the obstacles and opportunities experienced regarding environmental work. Furthermore, it determines whether the work with sustainable development within procuring processes can be standardized in a simple and effective way. The data collected through a questionnaire and interview survey shows that the majority of surveyed businesses work with environmental issues in a rather unfocused way, but show an interest of development within the area. An improvement proposal containing four operating points, is designed as a tool to get started with standardized environmental work. The proposal encourages businesses to mutually design a framework for environmental work that sets common goals and develops guidelines to be followed. / Studien undersöker hur mindre svenska verksamheter i dagsläget arbetar med hållbar utveckling samt vilka hinder och möjligheter dessa verksamheter ser med miljöarbete. Vidare undersöks huruvida arbetet med hållbar utveckling kan standardiseras på ett enkelt och effektivt sätt inom inköpsdelen. Datat har samlats in via en enkät- och intervjuundersökning och visar att majoriteten av undersökta verksamheter arbetar med miljöfrågor på ett tämligen ofokuserat sätt men visar ett intresse för utveckling inom området. Ett förbättringsförslag i form av fyra arbetspunkter utformas som hjälpmedel för att komma igång med standardiserat miljöarbete. Förslaget innebär att verksamheter tillsammans ritar upp en ram för miljöarbete dvs sätter upp gemensamma mål och utformar riktlinjer som skall följas.

Demand for organic food products has grown at rates as high as 20% since the 1990s. Organic grains compose 11% of total organic food demand, and are used in livestock production which represents 43% of organic food demand. Though the demand for organic grains is arguably increasing, domestic production of organic grains is lagging. Producers in the U.S. are hesitant to transition to certified organic grain production for a number of reasons. However, a lack of information pertaining to the organic grains market is one of the most prominent barriers to entry. One method that may provide insight into marketing opportunities available to organic grain producers is to create classifications of organic grain buyers. These classifications may allow for the comparison of business demographics, perceptions of the organic grain market, relationship formation and maintenance factors, and characteristics of purchasing agreements across buyer classifications. These comparisons would allow producers to identify potential marketing opportunities by providing insight regarding types of assistance offered by buyers, how to form a relationship with buyers, types of purchasing agreements used, and purchasing agreement characteristics and requirements. Producers would then be able to identify appropriate buyers for their respective situations based on times contracts are signed, payment timing, storage and transportation requirements, and the amount of organic practice documentation buyers require. Similar classifications have been proposed for organic producers, but, to date, no such classification exists for organic buyers. This work proposes two classifications of organic buyers. First, a classification of committed organic buyers versus pragmatic organic/pragmatic conventional buyers is motivated by similar classifications of organic producers found in previous works. Secondly, this work also introduces a classification of buyers that are sellers versus end-users of organic grains. Literature has suggested that the type of organic grain buyer (seller or end-user) gives rise to differences in functionality regarding interacting with producers and purchasing agreement characteristics. A sample of 45 organic grain buyers in the Midwest was utilized to characterize business demographics, perceptions of the organic grain market, relationship factors, and purchasing agreement characteristics on the two aforementioned categorization of organic grain buyers. A mixed methodology approach was utilized involving data collection via phone interviews and an online questionnaire. Initial data analysis suggests that data from the two data collection methods statistically differed in some measures of business demographics, perceptions of the organic grains market, and types of assistance offered to producers. This suggests that buyers responding to a phone interview may be more willing to assist producers and have more positive perceptions of the organic market. Thus, each analysis separates phone interview and online questionnaire responses. Due to a small sample size, means comparisons were utilized for the proposed categorizations of buyers. Data were found to not adhere to the normality assumption, requiring the use of nonparametric methods. A Chi-square test was conducted for binary variables, while a Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was utilized for continuous and categorical variables. Results suggest that committed organic grain buyers are smaller in terms of gross sales than pragmatic organic/conventional buyers. Fewer committed organic grain buyers require the grain supplier to pay for grain delivery when compared to pragmatic buyers. Both the comparison of committed organic versus pragmatic buyers and the comparison of sellers versus end-users suggest that there is a bifurcation in organic grain buyers, indicating potential conventionalization within the organic grain industry. Additionally, both categorizations also indicate the buyers anticipate future supply and demand to both increase, but do not expect future price to increase. Thus, it can be concluded that buyers believe future supply will increase at a greater rate than demand, decreasing price. Alternatively, buyers may expect future supply and demand to grow proportionally, keeping price constant. Though the sample is representative of the population of buyers present, the small sample size suggests results of this work should be interpreted with caution.