Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Full text release at OhioLINK's ETD Center delayed at author's request

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-56).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:28:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal propor um método para design de embalagem que tenha como premissa a sustentabilidade ambiental, social e econômica, com foco em produtos locais. Para tanto, a revisão bibliográfica inclui temas relacionados ao universo da embalagem, como seu histórico, suas classificações e funções, compreendendo seu papel atual no mercado. Também foram investigados os conceitos, métodos e diretrizes a respeito da sustentabilidade, assim como a sua relação com o design e as possibilidades de intervenção dessa atividade visando práticas mais sustentáveis. Ainda foram estudados os métodos gerais de design, a partir dos anos 1960, permitindo visualizar as mudanças ocorridas nas abordagens metodológicas ao longo do tempo. A partir desses, foram investigados também os métodos particulares de design de embalagem e àqueles que relacionam a sustentabilidade em seus procedimentos projetuais. Com base nessa pesquisa bibliográfica, realizou-se uma análise comparativa dos métodos de design de embalagem quanto aos procedimentos adotados e às formas de inserção da sustentabilidade em cada metodologia. Assim, foi possível sistematizar um método para aplicação na fase de coleta de dados, realizada a partir da abordagem qualitativa e da observação participante. O método foi aplicado em um projeto de extensão universitária e no ensino projetual em cursos de graduação em design. A análise dos dados permitiu encontrar os parâmetros que orientaram o desenvolvimento do método final proposto, com base nos principais métodos de design de embalagem, em abordagens sistêmicas e em métodos orientados à sustentabilidade. Assim, a dissertação é concluída com a proposição do método CICLO, composto por 5 fases - Compreender, Idealizar, Configurar, Lapidar e Orientar- e um conjunto de ferramentas e diretrizes que podem ser utilizadas de acordo com a necessidade do projeto de embalagem. Por fim, este método foi compilado em um documento de referência para consultas futuras. / This work' s main objective is to propose a method for packaging design that has as premise the environmental, social and economic sustainability, with focus on local products. To this end, the literature review includes issues related to the world of packaging, such as its history, classifications and functions, including his current role in the market. Also were investigated the concepts, methods and guidelines regarding the sustainability and its relationship with the design and the possibilities of intervention of this activity in arder to more sustainable practices. Were studied the general methods of design, from the 1960, allowing to see the changes in the methodological approaches over time. From these, also were investigated the particular methods of packaging design and those that relate the sustainability in its design procedures. Based on this literature research, the data were analyzed by performing a compara tive analysis of methods of packaging design and the procedures adopted and forms of inclusion of sustainability in each methodology. Thus it was possible to systematize a method for application in the data collection phase, conducted from a qualitative approach and participant observation. The method was applied to a university extension project and design teaching in undergraduate courses. The data analysis allowed finding the parameters that guided the development of final proposed method, based on the main methods of packaging design, systemic approaches and sustainability-oriented methods. Thus, the dissertation is concluded with the proposition of the method CICLO, composed of five phases - Comprehend, Idealize, Configure, Lapida te and Orientate - and a set of tools and guidelines that can be used in accordance with the need for packaging design. Finally, this method has been compiled in a document for future reference.

VASCONCELOS, Elayne Cardoso de. Determinação da microbiota da carne ovina tratada com ácido acético, embalada à vácuo e maturada. 2000. 85 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Fortaleza-CE, 2000 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-02T13:23:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2000_dis_ecvasconcelos.pdf: 288719 bytes, checksum: e3069178e516b102c9f149e4370c0c0e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-02T13:23:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2000_dis_ecvasconcelos.pdf: 288719 bytes, checksum: e3069178e516b102c9f149e4370c0c0e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T13:23:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2000_dis_ecvasconcelos.pdf: 288719 bytes, checksum: e3069178e516b102c9f149e4370c0c0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000 / The objective of this study was to verify the effect of 1% acetic acid on the microbial condition of aged lamb meat. The experiment used five undefined breed (SRD) wethers, with 1 year of age. After slaughter the carcasses were chilled at 0ºC and kept for 12 h. Samples for microbiological analysis were collected from the surface of shoulder, neck, breast, loin, leg and the ventral side of the flank. These surfaces were evaluated for mesophiles and total and fecal coliform microrganisms. Shoulders were then separated from the carcass and cut to standard weight slices, from the proximal to the distal region of the cut. The right side shoulder slices were dipped in 1% acetic acid solution for 1 min and the left side shoulder slices were dipped in distilled water (control). The slices were individually vacuum packaged in a film, with low permeability to oxygen and then stored at 1ºC. On days 3, 13, 23, 33 and 48 of the aging period samples (5 trated with 1% acetic acid and 5 control) were collected, to be analyzed for total plate count, mould and yeast, sulfite-reduzing clostridia, total and fecal coliforms and Salmonella. There was no difference (P>0.05) in surface microrganism counts among different locations in the lamb carcass. Related to the aging of meat trated with acetic acid it was observed a decrease (P<0.05) in mesophiles count on trated samples with 13 and 23 days of aging. At 3 and 13 days of aging occurred a significant (P<0.05) decrease of psicrophylic organisms in meats treated with acetic acid. However at 23, 33 and 48 days of storage this effect was not observed. There were a decrease (P<0.05) in moulds and yeast counts is samples treated with acid. Mould andyeast counts were smaller (P<0.05) at day 13 than those at days 33 and 48 days of aging. Only at day 3 of aging treated samples showed lower (P<0.05) total coliform counts than samples with no acid. Meat samples treated with 1% acetic acid showed lower (P<0.05) fecal coliform counts than samples with no acid. It was observed absence of sulfite-reduzing clostridia in all samples independent of acid treatment or aging time. The presence of Salmonella detected in 20% of the treated samples and in 24% of the untreated ones. Meat pH values were lower (P<0.05) on days 3, 23 and 33 than on days 13 and 48 of aging. Results suggest that proper slaughter conditions in Northeast Brasil produce lamb carcasses with acceptable counts of microrganisms. Deeping of meat cuts in 1% acetic acid solution followed by vacuum packazing is appropriate to age meat at 1ºC for 13 days. This treatment keeps low levels of psicrofilic counts, allows a sound higienic condition of the meat but it is not enough to inhibit the presence of Salmonella. / O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito do ácido acético 1% sobre a microbiota da carne ovina maturada. Foram utilizados 5 animais ovinos machos castrados do tipo Sem Raça Definida (SRD), com idade aproximada de 1 ano, provenientes do interior do estado do Ceará. Após o abate as carcaças dos animais foram refrigeradas por 12 horas a 0ºC e em seguida foram coletadas amostras da superfície dos seguintes locais: paleta, pescoço, peito, lombo, coxão e cavidade abdominal. Nessas amostras foram realizadas análises microbiológicas de contagem padrão em placas de bactérias mesófilas, pesquisa de coliformes totais e fecais. As paletas foram então retiradas das carcaças e cortadas em fatias de peso similar, da porção proximal para a porção distal desse corte. As fatias das paletas direitas foram submetidas a tratamento de imersão em solução de ácido acético a 1% por 1 minuto e as fatias esquerdas foram imersas em água potável (controle). Todas as fatias foram em seguidas embaladas individualmente à vácuo em filme flexivel, impermeável ao oxigênio e armazenadas para maturação a 1ºC. Para as análises microbiológicas da carne de paleta, foram coletadas fatias nos dias 3, 13, 23, 33 e 48 de armazenamento. Em cada dia foram coletadas fatias, sendo 5 de cada tratamento de imersão. As análises realizadas foram contagem padrão em placa (mesófilos e psicrofilos), contagem de bolores e leveduras, contagem de clostridios sulfito-redutores, pesquisa de coliformes totais e fecais e pesquisa de Salmonella. Não houve diferenças significativas (P>0,05) na contagem de bactérias entre os diferentes locais da carcaça ovina analisada. Em relação ao estudo de armazenamento da carne, foi observada uma redução (P<0,05) da contagem de bactérias mesófilas nas carnes tratadas com ácido nos dias 13 e 23 de estocagem. Com 3 e 13 dias de armazenamento houve uma redução significativa (P<0,05) na microbiota de psicrófilos na carne da paleta ovina tratada com ácido. Entretanto nos dias 23, 33 e 48 de armazenamento esse comportamento não foi observado. Em relação a bolores e leveduras, houve uma redução (P<0,05) da microbiota das amostras tratadas em relação a das não tratadas. Este efeito foi evidente até o dia 13 de armazenamento. Somente no 3º dia de armazenamento, as amostras tratadas apresentaram contagens de coliformes totais significativamente (P<0,05) menores que as não tratadas. Tal comportamento, porém, não foi verificado nos dias 13, 23, 33 e 48 de estocagem. As amostras tratadas com ácido acético 1% apresentaram valores menores (P<0,05) de coliformes fecais do que as não tratadas. Observou-se ausência de clostrídios sulfito-redutores em todas as amostras, independente do tratamento e do tempo de maturação. A pesquisa de Salmonella, indicou presença deste microrganismo em 20 e 24%, das amostras tratadas com ácido acético 1% e não tratadas, respectivamente. Os valores de pH foram significativamente menores (P<0,05) nos dias 3, 23 e 33 que nos dias 13 e 48 de armazenamento. Os resultados sugerem que o abate cuidadoso de animais ovinos nas condições ambientais do Nordeste Brasileiro, permite obter carcaças com níveis aceitáveis de microrganismos na superfície. A imersão das carnes em ácido acético 1% seguida de estocagem a vácuo permite manter as carnes refrigeradas (1ºC) por 13 dias, com controle eficiente da microbiota deteriorativa, mantendo um padrão higiênico-sanitário adequado, mas não é suficiente para inibir o crescimento de Salmonella.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T17:54:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-11-26. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-04-01T18:00:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000860162.pdf: 1441451 bytes, checksum: 05c33cb6d90a48da85e930e59fdd9e2f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As principais questões que dominam a área de tecnologia de embalagem são relacionadas ao uso de materiais e possibilidades de reciclagem, porém, seu potencial para a redução de desperdício/perdas de alimentos ainda é pouco explorado. Nesse contexto, essa pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar e analisar as principais barreiras às inovações em sistema de embalagens que auxiliam na redução do desperdício e/ou perda de carne bovina in natura. O método de pesquisa adotado foi entrevistas de especialistas que atuam no ramo de pesquisa e mercado, sendo que os mesmos foram selecionados por trabalharem diretamente com embalagens, e quando possível, também com carne bovina. As principais barreiras identificadas nesse estudo foram: alto custo de implementação, falta de conhecimento, compartilhamento de informações na cadeia e com consumidores, integração da cadeia do frio, cultura resistente do consumidor brasileiro e baixa disponibilidade de fornecedores capacitados. Identificou-se que o consumidor brasileiro não é exigente com relação a embalagem de produtos cárneos, e a decisão de compra continua sendo feita com base na comparação entre aparência de carne e preço. Dessa forma, os fornecedores e de embalagem e a indústria alimentícia apenas se preocupam em buscar tecnologias em embalagem com base no custo, avitando assim as inovações. Essa pesquisa contribui na identificação de algumas barreiras para a adoção de inovações em embalagens de produtos cárneos, além de propor sugestões para mitiga-las. Dessa forma, esse estudo deve ajudar pesquisadores e empresas envolvidas com a cadeia produtiva da carne bovina a entender a superar as barreiras destacadas, utilizando a embalagem como recurso estratégico na redução de desperdício. As limitações da pesquisa destacam a oportunidade e necessidade de pesquisas futuras, abrangendo além de um maior número de especialistas, também consumidores / The main issues that dominate the packaging technology area are related to the use of materials and recycling possibilities, however, their potential for waste reduction / food losses is still little explored. In this context, this research aimd to identify and analyze the main barriers to innovations in packaging systems that help to reduce waste and / or loss of fresh beef. The research method used was the experts interview working in research and industry, and they were selected for working directly with packaging, and where possible, with beef. The main barriers identified in this study were: high cost of implementation, lack of knowledge, sharing of information in the chain and with consumers, cold chain integration, strong culture of Brazilian consumers and low availability of qualified suppliers. It was identified that the Brazilian consumer is not demanding regarding the packaging of beef products, and the buying decision is still made based on the comparison of appearance of meat and price. Thus, packaging suppliers and the food industry only search for technologies in packaging based on cost, omitting the innovations. This research helps to identify some barriers to the adoption of innovations in beef products packaging, and propose suggestions to mitigate them. Thus, this study should help both researchers and companies involved in the production chain of beef to understand and overcome the barriers highlighted using packaging as a strategic link in the waste reduction. The research limitations highlight the opportunity and need for further research, in addition to covering a larger number of expert and also consumers

Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Allen M. Featherstone / Best Maid is a middle-sized regionally orientated company, headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas. It is currently owned and operated by the fourth generation of the Dalton family. The company specializes in the production of pickles and condiment products and currently holds the title of #1 retail brand of pickles in the state of Texas. In addition to the Best Maid label, products are also produced under the Del-Dixie label. The objective of this thesis is to analyze a potential capital project: a bucket line replacement. The analysis will be completed by using net present value to determine the cost and benefits of the project. The focus of the project will be the food service bucket line. The current line was designed and installed over 20 years ago. Currently, this line and supporting resources require a staff of 17 employees to operate. The process is looking to be improved through advances in technology including vibratory conveyors, more complex PLC programming, and increased accuracy of scaling equipment. Implementing these advancements has the potential to reduce the employee labor cost as well as decrease over-scaling. The goal of this project is to inform the Best Maid owners of the investment costs, labor savings, benefits, and the financial viability of the proposed capital investment. Best Maid has consistently grown at a high single digit to low double digit rate each year. Businesses must continually identify and react to the needs of tomorrow, today. Formal processes within the business will be established to evaluate and prioritize future potential projects. The conclusion of the analysis resulted in a positive NPV of about $567 thousand and a favorable IRR. The recommendation is to adopt the new technology.

Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Allen M. Featherstone / The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the impact the installation of an automated packaging system would have on the predominately manual bulk packaging work centers at Wixon Inc., a privately held, integrated food and beverage developer, manufacturer, and processor. The objective of this thesis is to determine if converting to an automated system would minimize costs and increase line speeds. The owners desire a 3-year payback on the investment. In addition to the financial and economical aspects of automating the equipment, there are potential food safety and personnel safety improvements that would be brought to the firm by changing equipment. The firm’s owners want to be proactive and minimize any impact a reduction in the labor pool might see cause from the exit of workers from the Baby Boomer generation. Methods used to determine the objectives of this thesis include a comparative time study of bag filling rates, an analysis of incremental cost savings, net present value (NPV) analysis and return on investment (ROI). Data were collected from studies conducted by the engineering consulting firm of Middough Incorporated, from Wixon Inc. accounting records and, interviews of key Wixon employees. The report provided by Middough determined that the new system would be able to replace three work centers in the Bulk Packaging department based on bag fill rates and flexibility in bag sizes. This reduces the employee cost per bag. The incremental costs were analyzed using accounting records for past history. Floor space, labor costs and other integral costs were compared to determine what costsavings there may be. Cost savings were treated as cash flow. The NPV and ROI for the project used this cash flow to determine if an investment in automation is a wise one. The conclusion based on the analysis made was that, based on NPV the investment would be profitable. However, the 3-year payback of $1.5 million would not be possible under current assumptions. The automation would reduce the number of needed employees enough to absorb any reduction in the labor pool while providing increased food and employee safety.

abstract: In this work, a highly sensitive strain sensing technique is developed to realize in-plane strain mapping for microelectronic packages or emerging flexible or foldable devices, where mechanical or thermal strain is a major concern that could affect the performance of the working devices or even lead to the failure of the devices. Therefore strain sensing techniques to create a contour of the strain distribution is desired. The developed highly sensitive micro-strain sensing technique differs from the existing strain mapping techniques, such as digital image correlation (DIC)/micro-Moiré techniques, in terms of working mechanism, by filling a technology gap that requires high spatial resolution while simultaneously maintaining a large field-of-view. The strain sensing mechanism relies on the scanning of a tightly focused laser beam onto the grating that is on the sample surface to detect the change in the diffracted beam angle as a result of the strain. Gratings are fabricated on the target substrates to serve as strain sensors, which carries the strain information in the form of variations in the grating period. The geometric structure of the optical system inherently ensures the high sensitivity for the strain sensing, where the nanoscale change of the grating period is amplified by almost six orders into a diffraction peak shift on the order of several hundred micrometers. It significantly amplifies the small signal measurements so that the desired sensitivity and accuracy can be achieved. The important features, such as strain sensitivity and spatial resolution, for the strain sensing technique are investigated to evaluate the technique. The strain sensitivity has been validated by measurements on homogenous materials with well known reference values of CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion). 10 micro-strain has been successfully resolved from the silicon CTE extraction measurements. Furthermore, the spatial resolution has been studied on predefined grating patterns, which are assembled to mimic the uneven strain distribution across the sample surface. A resolvable feature size of 10 µm has been achieved with an incident laser spot size of 50 µm in diameter. In addition, the strain sensing technique has been applied to a composite sample made of SU8 and silicon, as well as the microelectronic packages for thermal strain mappings. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2014