Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2018-10-04T13:15:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Flávio Ribeiro Valério Júnior - 2018.pdf: 3545674 bytes, checksum: 60b287d7be7aacf8e603947c7208bd99 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-10-05T14:12:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Flávio Ribeiro Valério Júnior - 2018.pdf: 3545674 bytes, checksum: 60b287d7be7aacf8e603947c7208bd99 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-05T14:12:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Flávio Ribeiro Valério Júnior - 2018.pdf: 3545674 bytes, checksum: 60b287d7be7aacf8e603947c7208bd99 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The production of alcoholic ferments from fruit is an attractive alternative for the food industry, as this type of beverage has received strong acceptance from consumers. Climate change and the search for wines with lower alcohol content and a search for a concentration of glycerol and better aromas, led to studies in yeast co-cultures. Brazil is one of the world's largest producers of fruits, including tropical fruit. Among the typical species of Cerrado, Eugenia dysenterica DC, popularly known as Cagaita, is already used in the manufacture of sweets, jellies, ice cream, soft drinks, juices and liqueurs. Regarding the fermenting agent, yeast to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with high potential for ethanol production, and Saccharomyces kudriavzevii, a notable producer of glycerol, present interesting and required characteristics in the fermented beverage industry. Thus, the present work followed a central rotational experimental planning and a common factorial planning to stipulate the concentration of the strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae T-73 and Saccharomyces kudriavzevii CR-85, in order to understand how the interaction between the yeasts occurs ethanol, biomass and glycerol responses. From the DCCR, it was not possible to obtain significant models, since experiment 5 where there was pure CR-85 strain did not produce ethanol and glycerol. From these results, it was followed by common factorial planning, in which mathematical models could be obtained for the prediction of ethanol, biomass and glycerol production. It was also possible to identify that the assay with the highest concentration of CR-85 had an increase of glycerol, and the assay with the highest ethanol production was one that contained a slightly higher content of T-73 compared to CR-85. As for the volatile compounds, isoamyl alcohol was identified, responsible for the aromas in the food industry, as well as ethyl acetate, considered an ester acetate that gives the drinks fruit aromas. This research also presents details of the kinetics of growth, substrate consumption and production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae T-73 and Saccharomyces kudriavzevii CR-85 yeast products, in which the characteristics inherent to each yeast can influence the behavior of the kinetic parameters, characterizing the need to deepen studies on the metabolism of these yeasts. / A produção de fermentados alcoólicos a partir de frutas é uma alternativa atrativa para indústria de alimentos, pois esse tipo de bebida tem recebido forte aceitação por parte dos consumidores. As mudanças climáticas e a busca por vinhos com menor teor alcoólico, concentrações de glicerol mais baixas e melhores aromas, levaram a estudos em co-culturas de leveduras. O Brasil, apresenta-se como um dos maiores produtores mundiais de frutas, incluindo a fruticultura tropical. O bioma Cerrado concentra uma grande variedade de espécies frutíferas com características organolépticas interessantes, entre as espécies típicas do Cerrado, Eugenia dysenterica DC, conhecida popularmente como Cagaita, já é utilizada na fabricação de doces, geleias, sorvetes, refrescos, sucos e licores. Com relação ao agente fermentador, a levedura a Saccharomyces cerevisiae, com alto potencial para produção de etanol, e Saccharomyces kudriavzevii, notável produtora de glicerol, apresentam caraterísticas interessante e requerida na indústria de bebidas fermentadas. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho, seguiu um planejamento experimental central rotacional e um planejamento fatorial comum para estipular a concentração das cepas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae T- 73 e Saccharomyces kudriavzevii CR-85, com intuito de entender como ocorre a interação entre as leveduras diante das respostas etanol, biomassa e glicerol. A partir do DCCR, não foi possível obter modelos significativos, visto que o experimento 5 onde havia cepa pura de CR-85 não produziu etanol e glicerol. A partir desses resultados, seguiu com planejamento fatorial comum, na qual, pôde-se obter modelos matemáticos para a predição da produção de etanol, biomassa e glicerol. Conseguiu-se também identificar que o ensaio com maior concentração de CR-85, houve um acréscimo de glicerol, e o ensaio com maior produção de etanol foi aquele que continha um teor ligeiramente superior de T-73 comparada a CR-85. Quantos aos compostos voláteis, foram identificados álcool isoamílico, responsável pelos aromas na indústria de alimentos, bem como acetato de étila, considerado um éster de acetato que confere a bebidas aromas frutais. Esta pesquisa ainda apresenta o detalhamento da cinética de crescimento, consumo de substrato e produção de produtos da levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae T-73 e Saccharomyces kudriavzevii CR-85, nas quais, as características inerentes a cada levedura podem influenciar no comportamento dos parâmetros cinéticos, caracterizando a necessidade de aprofundamento de estudos no metabolismo dessas leveduras.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-23T13:18:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina Alves Mota Silva.pdf: 401579 bytes, checksum: cb5296c9f93f0f00c7b38d3162ca1b19 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T13:18:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina Alves Mota Silva.pdf: 401579 bytes, checksum: cb5296c9f93f0f00c7b38d3162ca1b19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-27 / The capim-de-raiz is a native legume of the semi-arid present in large areas of pasture in the Wasteland and backwoods of Pernambuco. There are few studies on its nutritional value, a fact which limits the knowledge of their forage potential in animal production. Thus, the purpose of this study was to characterize the nutritional value and nitrogen balance in sheep and ruminal degradation kinetics in goats fed grass hay from the root. The hay was made when the meadow was in bloom was coming from private property located in the Wasteland Mesoregion of São Caetano-Pernambuco, Brazil. The experiment was carried out at the Sheep and Goat Farming, Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco. To study the intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance were used five Santa Ines sheep with a mean weight of 28.34 kg BW. To evaluate the digestibility and consumption we used the combination of hay with soybean meal in the proportions, 60% hay and 40% soybean meal and 50% hay and 50% soybean meal. To study the rumen were used three adult male goats, with permanent rumen fistula, using eight times for incubation of the samples (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96h). The hay had 90.66% of dry matter (DM), 7.16% crude protein (CP), acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) of 13.45% of Total Nitrogen, 65.34% fiber neutral detergent (NDF) and 12,47% lignin. The high lignin content added to the low palatability, probably reflected the low intake of hay by sheep presented (1.39% of BW). The digestibility of DM, CP and NDF were 52.8, 70.55 and 40.34% respectively. The low consumption of grass hay from the root, made in flowering stage leads to the recommendation that is not provided as sole food in the diet of sheep in rational systems. / O capim-de-raiz é uma forrageira nativa do semiárido brasileiro presente em grandes áreas de pastagens do Agreste e Sertão de Pernambuco. São escassos os estudos sobre seu valor nutritivo, fato que restringe o conhecimento de seu potencial forrageiro na produção animal. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar o valor nutritivo e o balanço de nitrogênio em ovinos e a cinética de degradação ruminal em caprinos, alimentados com feno de capim-de-raiz. O feno foi confeccionado quando a gramínea encontrava-se em floração foi proveniente de propriedade particular localizada na Mesorregião do Agreste do município de São Caetano - Pernambuco, Brasil. O experimento foi realizado no setor de Ovinocaprinocultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Para estudo do consumo, digestibilidade e balanço de nitrogênio utilizaram-se cinco ovinos da raça Santa Inês com peso médio de 28,34 kg PV. Para avaliação do consumo e digestibilidade empregou-se a associação do feno com o farelo de soja nas proporções distintas, sendo a primeira 60% feno e 40% farelo de soja e a segunda, 50% feno e 50% de farelo de soja. Para estudo da degradação ruminal foram utilizados três caprinos machos adultos, com fistula permanente no rúmen, utilizando-se oito tempos para incubação das amostras (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 e 96h). O feno apresentou 90,66% de matéria seca (MS), 7,16% de proteína bruta (PB), com nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente ácido (NIDA) de 13,45% do Nitrogênio Total, 65,34 % de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e 12,47 % de lignina. O elevado teor de lignina adicionada à baixa palatabilidade, provavelmente, refletiu no baixo consumo do feno apresentado pelos ovinos (1,39% do PV). Os coeficientes de digestibilidade da MS, PB e FDN foram 52,8; 70,55 e 40,34%, respectivamente. O baixo consumo do feno de capim-de- raiz, confeccionado em estádio de floração, leva a recomendação de que não seja fornecido como alimento exclusivo na dieta de ovinos em sistemas de exploração racional.

Orientador: Pedro Eduardo de Felicio / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T15:31:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PflanzerJunior_SergioBertelli_D.pdf: 1046006 bytes, checksum: 2711bfce1310c3e6cdd951debd20fb7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Dois estudos foram conduzidos para determinar o efeito da injeção de cloreto de cálcio nas características de palatabilidade e na estabilidade da cor de bifes de coxão mole (M. Semimembranoso) de bovinos suplementados com hidrocloreto de zilpaterol (HZ). No estudo 1 (palatabilidade), 466 bovinos foram divididos em 2 grupos, não-suplementados (n = 233) e suplementados (8,3 mg/kg de HZ nos últimos 20 dias do confinamento; n = 233). Após o abate e resfriamento, 39 carcaças USDA Select foram destinadas aleatoriamente para o teste (não-suplementados = 19; HZ = 20). No estudo 2 (estabilidade da cor), foram utilizados, 20 das 39 carcaças, em igual número de não-suplementados (n = 10) e suplementados HZ (n = 10). Os cortes de coxão mole das duas meias carcaças foram enviados para o laboratório, onde foram destinados alternadamente para os tratamentos não-injetado ou injetado com cloreto de cálcio (5% do peso com solução a 200 mM CaCl2 ). No estudo 1 foram avaliados o comprimento de sarcômero, índice de fragmentação miofibrilar, maciez instrumental (força de cisalhamento por Warner Bratzler - WBSF) e atributos sensoriais dos bifes de coxão mole maturados por até 28 dias. No estudo 2 foram avaliadas a composição centesimal, atividade redutora da metamioglobina (MRA), cor visual e instrumental e oxidação lipídica (TBARS) dos bifes de coxão mole maturados por até 21 dias seguidos da exposição em ¿display¿ por 4 dias. No estudo 1 não houve diferença (P > 0,05) do comprimento de sarcômero entre tratamentos com ou sem HZ. Amostras de animais não suplementados com HZ e amostras injetadas com cloreto de cálcio apresentaram maiores (P < 0,05) índices de fragmentação miofibrilar em relação a suplementados e a não-injetados, respectivamente. A suplementação com HZ não afetou (P > 0,05) as perdas de peso pela exsudação na embalagem, bem como a perda na cocção. A utilização de cloreto de cálcio aumentou (P < 0,05) as perdas de peso. O uso de HZ aumentou (P < 0,05) a WBSF somente dos bi fes maturados por 7 dias. A injeção de cloreto de cálcio em amostras de animais suplementados com HZ anulou (P > 0,05) a diferença na WBSF após 7 dias de maturação e também reduziu (P < 0,05) a WBSF nas amostras dos não suplementados. O HZ não afetou (P > 0,05) as características sensoriais dos bifes maturados por 14 ou 21 dias. Amostras injetadas foram mais macias (P < 0,05) do que as nãoinjetadas, após a maturação por 14 dias, entretanto não houve diferença (P > 0,05) nas maturadas por 21 dias para os atributos sensoriais. Estudo 2: animais tratados com HZ resultaram em carne de cor vermelho-cereja mais claro, maior valor de L * e menores escores de descoloração (P < 0,05). No final da exposição em ¿display¿, os bi fes de animais suplementados com HZ tiveram maiores valores de a * e b * que os controle (P < 0,05). A injeção de CaCl2 resultou em carne de cor vermelha mais intensa e com maiores escores de descoloração (P < 0,05) em amostras maturadas por 14 e 21 dias, mas não influenciou (P > 0,05) a cor aos 7 dias. O valor de L * não foi afetado pela injeção de CaCl2 (P > 0,05). Porém, ao final do período de exposição, as amostras injetadas apresentaram menores valores de a * b * (P < 0,05) que aquelas não-injetadas. A medida que se estendem os períodos de maturação a carne apresentou-se mais escura e com maiores escores de descoloração (P < 0,05). Além disso, a maturação e a exposição continuadas diminuíram (P < 0,05) os valores de a* e b* em ambos os tratamentos de suplementação e injeção. A oxidação lipídica, medida por TBARS, não foi afetada (P > 0,05) pela suplementação com HZ. A injeção de CaCl2 aumentou (P < 0,05) os valores de TBARS. A suplementação dos novilhos com zilpaterol reduziu a maciez das amostras em relação ao grupo não-suplementado. Entretanto a maturação por 14 dias, ou por 7, dias combinada com o tratamento pelo CaCl2 , pode equiparar as médias de maciez objetiva. Na primeira alternativa, o HZ contribuiu para uma maior estabilidade da cor relativamente aos não suplementados, e na segunda, não ocorreu alteração da cor em decorrência do CaCl2 injetado / Abstract: Two studies were conducted to determine the effect of calcium chloride injection on the palatability traits and color stability of steaks from inside round (M. Semimembranosus) of steers supplemented with zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH). In study 1 (palatability), 466 steers were divided into two groups, non-supplemented and supplemented (8.3 mg/kg of ZH in the last 20 days of feedlot). After slaughter and cooling, 39 USDA Select grade carcasses were randomly destined for the test (non-supplemented = 19; ZH = 20). In study 2 (color stability), 20 from 39 carcasses, previously selected, were randomly destined for the test (non- supplemented = 10, ZH = 10). The inside round of both half-carcasses were sent to the laboratory where they were alternately selected to serve as non-injected or injected with calcium chloride (5 % with 200 mM CaCl2 solution). In study 1 it were evaluated the sarcomere length, myofibrillar fragmentation index, instrumental tenderness (shear force by Warner Bratzler - WBSF) and sensory traits of inside round steaks aged up to 28 days. In study 2 it were evaluated the proximate composition, metmyoglobin reducing activity, visual and instrumental color and lipid oxidation (TBARS) of inside round steaks aged up to 21 days followed by exposure in the display for 4 days. In study 1 there is no difference (P > 0.05) in treatments with or without ZH for sarcomere length. Samples of not ZH supplemented animals and injected samples had higher (P < 0.05) myofibrillar fragmentation index, than supplemented and non-injected, respectively. The ZH supplementation did not affect (P > 0.05) the losses during aging and cooking. The CaCl2 injection increased (P < 0.05) both losses. The use of ZH increased (P > 0.05) WBSF of inside round steaks aged 7 d, however samples aged 14 d did not differ (P > 0.05). The CaCl2 injection in samples from ZH supplemented steers cancelled (P > 0.05) the difference for WBSF after 7 d of aging and reduced (P < 0.05) WBSF in samples from non-supplemented. The ZH did not affect (P > 0.05) sensory traits of steaks aged 14 and 21 d. Injected samples were more tender (P < 0.05) than non-injected after 14 d aging, however there was no difference (P > 0.05) in steaks aged 21 d for sensory traits. In study 2 ZH steaks were lighter cherry red, had higher L* values, and had lower discoloration scores (P < 0.05). At the end of display, ZH steaks had greater (P < 0.05) a* and b* values than non-supplemented. CaCl2 injection resulted in redder beef color, and increased discoloration scores (P < 0.05) in samples aged 14 and 21 d, however it did not affect color traits on d 7 (P > 0.05). L* values were not affected by CaCl2 (P > 0.05), but at the end of display, injected samples had lower a* and b* values than noninjected samples (P < 0.05). Increasing aging and display time resulted in redder color and greater discoloration scores (P < 0.05). Moreover aging and display time decreased (P < 0.05) a* and b* values from both treatments of the two sources of variation. Lipid oxidation, evaluated by TBARS, was not affected by ZH (P > 0.05). The CaCl2 injection increased (P < 0.05) TBARS values. The ZH supplementation decreased tenderness of inside round steaks, however 14 d aging, or 7 d aging combined with CaCl2 injection, can even objective tenderness means, and in the last one, there is no effect in color traits due to CaCl2 injection, as it happens on d 14 and 21 of aging / Doutorado / Tecnologia de Alimentos / Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2015-03-24T16:29:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Efeito da dieta de cafeteria em ratos submetidos ao estresse crônico variado.pdf: 933389 bytes, checksum: bcf4be3cbf009cc21ae22e87147278fb (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2015-03-24T18:02:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Efeito da dieta de cafeteria em ratos submetidos ao estresse crônico variado.pdf: 933389 bytes, checksum: bcf4be3cbf009cc21ae22e87147278fb (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2015-03-24T18:03:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Efeito da dieta de cafeteria em ratos submetidos ao estresse crônico variado.pdf: 933389 bytes, checksum: bcf4be3cbf009cc21ae22e87147278fb (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-24T18:03:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Efeito da dieta de cafeteria em ratos submetidos ao estresse crônico variado.pdf: 933389 bytes, checksum: bcf4be3cbf009cc21ae22e87147278fb (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Obesidade é definida pelo acúmulo de gordura no corpo, causada por um estilo de vida sedentário e ingestão de alimentos calóricos. As doenças relacionadas com o sobrepeso são consideradas um dos problemas de saúde pública mais grave em todo mundo, associada ao risco de diabetes e doenças cardiovasculares e certos tipos de câncer. O estresse também tem sido mencionado como um problema da sociedade moderna que causa distúrbios emocionais e fisiológicos. Nas últimas décadas foi crescente o número de doenças relacionadas ao estresse, sobrepeso e obesidade, associadas ao aumento do consumo de alimentos energeticamente densos. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de uma DC associada ao estresse crônico variado (ECV) nos parâmetros bioquímicos, depósitos de gordura corporal e comportamentais. Foram utilizados 40 ratos machos Wistar divididos em quatro grupos: Controle total (C) – Ração padrão sem modelo de estresse; Grupo estresse (E) – ração padrão e estresse; grupo Dieta de cafeteria sem estresse (D) e Grupo Dieta + Estresse (ED). Os animais foram submetidos ao ECV durante 40 dias, em horários e dias alternados. Os parâmetros de ansiedade avaliados pelo teste Labirinto em cruz elevado (Plus Maze) mostraram que a dieta foi capaz de reverter ou amenizar os efeitos do estresse. A atividade locomotora, avaliada pelo teste Campo Aberto (Open Field) não foi alterada pela dieta, nem pelo estresse. A memória avaliada pelo teste Reconhecimento de Objetos não foi alterada, nem pela dieta, nem pelo estresse. Os animais do grupo E obtiveram menor ganho de peso, e a dieta compensou o efeito do estresse em relação ao ganho de peso nos animais que receberam DC e ECV. Houve aumento do peso do fígado e dos tecidos adiposos (subcutâneo e abdominal) dos animais que receberam a DC, porém não submetidos ao ECV. Os níveis séricos de glicose, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, HDL-Colesterol, lipase, foram mensurados, porém não sofreram alterações significativas. / Obesity is defined as an accumulation of fat in the body, caused by a sedentary lifestyle and consumption of high-calorie foods. Diseases related to overweight are considered one of the most serious problems of public health worldwide, associated with risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. Stress has also been mentioned as a problem of modern society that causes emotional and physiological disorders. In the last decades has been the increasing number of stress-related, overweight and obesity, associated with increased consumption of energy- dense foods. The object of study to evaluate the effects of a cafeteria diet associated with chronic varied stress (CVS) in biochemical parameters, deposits of body fat and behavioral. Stress Group (S) - standard chow and stress; cafeteria diet group without stress (D) and diet + stress group (SD) standard model without stress control group rats (C): Fourt Wistar rats were divided into four groups used). The animals were submitted to the CVS for 40 days on alternate days and times. The parameters of anxiety assessed by Plus Maze showed that the diet was able to reverse or ameliorate the effects of stress. Locomotors activity, assessed by the Open Field Test was not altered by diet or by stress. The memory assessed by the Object Recognition Test has changed, neither by diet nor by stress. Animals in group E had lower weight gain, diet and offset the effect of stress in relation to weight gain in animals fed cafeteria diet and CVS. There was an increase in liver weight and adipose tissues (subcutaneous and abdominal) of animals that received the cafeteria diet, but not undergoing CVS. Serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL- Cholesterol, lipase, were measured, but not changed significant.

No description available.

Canola fibre-protein and can-sugar are the two by-products arising from a process for separating high quality protein fractions from canola meal. In the first trial chemical characteristics of fibre-protein and can-sugar were examined in comparison with commercial canola and soy meal. In the second trial in situ rumen degradability and kinetics of test feed was studied. Based on the findings of those two trials, available energy values were estimated based on NRC (2001) while protein contents potentially absorbable at small intestine were predicted using both NRC (2001) and DVE/OEB models. Subsequently a mixture of fibre-protein and can-sugar was used as an additive to dehydrated alfalfa pellet and two dairy cow trials were conducted to determine the palatability and examine effect on lactation performances of blended alfalfa pellet feeding in comparison with standard alfalfa pellet. Palatability difference was evaluated by Paterson -two choice alternating access method through a 7 day experimental period using 6 lactating Holstein cows. In the lactating performance trial, 6 cows were randomly assigned into two groups and two treatments were allocated over three experimental periods in a switchback design. <p>Can-sugar consisted of water soluble components (CP 15.6 %DM; SCP 96.2 %CP; NFC 99.9 %CHO) with non-protein nitrogen as the main CP fraction (NPN 96.2 %CP). Fibre-protein was a highly fibrous material (NDF: 55.6%; ADF: 46.3%; ADL: 24.1%) comparing to canola meal (NDF: 25.4%, ADF: 21.2%, ADL: 9.0%) due to presence of higher level of seed hulls in fibre-protein. Comparing to canola meal, fibre-protein contained 9% less CP and 1/4 of that consisted of undegradable ADIP. Rumen degradability of can-sugar was assumed as immediate and total as it was water soluble. Most of the ruminally undegradable nutrient components present in canola meal appeared to be concentrated into fibre protein during the manufacturing process and as a result fibre-protein has shown a consistently lower effective degradability of DM, OM, CP NDF and ADF comparing to both canola and soy meal. Available energy content in can-sugar was marginally higher than that of canola meal while fibre-protein contained only 2/3 that of canola meal. The predicted absorbable protein content at small intestine was about 1/2 that of canola meal. These results indicate that fibre-protein can be considered as a secondary source of protein in ruminant feed and a mixture of fibre-protein and can-sugar would nutritionally complement each other to formulate into a cheaper ingredient in ruminant ration. In the palatability study, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in intake preference or finish time between the blended and standard alfalfa pellets. The results from the lactation study showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in milk yield, dairy efficiency or milk composition between the blended and standard alfalfa pellets. The results from the two studies indicated that fibre-protein and can-sugar fractions could be used as an additive to alfalfa dehydrated pellet at 15% inclusion rate without compromising its palatability or the performance of dairy cows. <p>For future studies it is proposed to conduct feeding trials with varying levels of inclusions to alfalfa pellet to know the nutritional effect of fibre-protein and can-sugar while ascertain optimum inclusion rate.

Canola fibre-protein and can-sugar are the two by-products arising from a process for separating high quality protein fractions from canola meal. In the first trial chemical characteristics of fibre-protein and can-sugar were examined in comparison with commercial canola and soy meal. In the second trial in situ rumen degradability and kinetics of test feed was studied. Based on the findings of those two trials, available energy values were estimated based on NRC (2001) while protein contents potentially absorbable at small intestine were predicted using both NRC (2001) and DVE/OEB models. Subsequently a mixture of fibre-protein and can-sugar was used as an additive to dehydrated alfalfa pellet and two dairy cow trials were conducted to determine the palatability and examine effect on lactation performances of blended alfalfa pellet feeding in comparison with standard alfalfa pellet. Palatability difference was evaluated by Paterson -two choice alternating access method through a 7 day experimental period using 6 lactating Holstein cows. In the lactating performance trial, 6 cows were randomly assigned into two groups and two treatments were allocated over three experimental periods in a switchback design. <p>Can-sugar consisted of water soluble components (CP 15.6 %DM; SCP 96.2 %CP; NFC 99.9 %CHO) with non-protein nitrogen as the main CP fraction (NPN 96.2 %CP). Fibre-protein was a highly fibrous material (NDF: 55.6%; ADF: 46.3%; ADL: 24.1%) comparing to canola meal (NDF: 25.4%, ADF: 21.2%, ADL: 9.0%) due to presence of higher level of seed hulls in fibre-protein. Comparing to canola meal, fibre-protein contained 9% less CP and 1/4 of that consisted of undegradable ADIP. Rumen degradability of can-sugar was assumed as immediate and total as it was water soluble. Most of the ruminally undegradable nutrient components present in canola meal appeared to be concentrated into fibre protein during the manufacturing process and as a result fibre-protein has shown a consistently lower effective degradability of DM, OM, CP NDF and ADF comparing to both canola and soy meal. Available energy content in can-sugar was marginally higher than that of canola meal while fibre-protein contained only 2/3 that of canola meal. The predicted absorbable protein content at small intestine was about 1/2 that of canola meal. These results indicate that fibre-protein can be considered as a secondary source of protein in ruminant feed and a mixture of fibre-protein and can-sugar would nutritionally complement each other to formulate into a cheaper ingredient in ruminant ration. In the palatability study, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in intake preference or finish time between the blended and standard alfalfa pellets. The results from the lactation study showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in milk yield, dairy efficiency or milk composition between the blended and standard alfalfa pellets. The results from the two studies indicated that fibre-protein and can-sugar fractions could be used as an additive to alfalfa dehydrated pellet at 15% inclusion rate without compromising its palatability or the performance of dairy cows. <p>For future studies it is proposed to conduct feeding trials with varying levels of inclusions to alfalfa pellet to know the nutritional effect of fibre-protein and can-sugar while ascertain optimum inclusion rate.

The impacts of possum herbivory were assessed on 713 individual plants of the nationally endangered Pittosporum patulum and 115 individual plants of the threatened ('Gradual Decline') mistletoes (Alepis flavida & Peraxilla tetrapetala) over three years in the Temple and Huxley river valleys in the Ohau catchment, South Island New Zealand. Statistical models were used to test the influence of several explanatory variables on the probability of survival and growth rates of these rare palatable plants. Increasing defoliation levels were the most significant predictors of mortality for both P. patulum and mistletoe, and reduced growth rates in P. patulum. Mortality of P. patulum increased with plant size although smaller plants were also affected by mortality. P. patulum mortality was greater for non-forest habitats, and growth rates were greatest on warm aspects. Mistletoe mortality increased with warm aspect, steeper slopes and at lower altitudes. Plant survival and growth increased in the Temple valley following possum control. Although indicative of a positive treatment effect, other factors may have also influenced this result. Possums are the major herbivore responsible for the widespread decline of P. patulum and beech forest mistletoes throughout New Zealand, although the autecology of P. patulum predisposes it toward extinction more so than mistletoe. Monitoring in conjunction with possum control operations provide good opportunities for understanding the impacts of possums on palatable plants and ecosystems. Assessing defoliation levels on indicator species like P. patulum and mistletoes can serve as a guide for managers to assess ecosystem stress from herbivory.

Palatability of 20 meadow plant species was assessed in the slug grazing experiment conducted. Monocots exhibited significantly lower palatability than dicots. Litter decomposition rate was assessed in the field litter-bag test. Linear regression analysis was performed to answer the main question whether species palatability is related to litter decomposition rate and whether it is determined by the carbon or nitrogen content. Phylogenetically independent contrasts were used to eliminate correlated phylogeny effect. Regression trees were used to detect the effect of species traits on species palatability and litter decomposition rate.

Orientador: Alessandra Melchert / Resumo: O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a preferência alimentar e as dietas oferecidas a tatus de nove bandas mantidos sob cuidados humanos, enfatizando a ação das dietas sobre o desempenho, avaliação clínica e metabolismo animal, assim como o aproveitamento dos nutrientes de cada dieta. Foram utilizados para a avaliação da preferência alimentar 10 tatus de nove bandas (D. novemcinctus) adultos, sendo oito machos e duas fêmeas; seis tatus de nove bandas (D. novemcinctus) adultos, sendo cinco machos e uma fêmea, para o ensaio de digestibilidade; e oito tatus de nove bandas (D. novemcinctus) adultos machos para a avaliação clínica e metabólica. Para o teste de preferência alimentar foram testadas quatro dietas que diferiram quanto ao seu teor de proteínas e inclusão de frutos em sua composição. Para o ensaio de digestibilidade e avaliação clínica e metabólica foram testadas duas dietas com ou sem inclusão de frutos em sua composição. O teste de preferência alimentar foi conduzido utilizando a observação em três pontos: frequência de consumo, ingestão alimentar e razão da ingestão. O ensaio de digestibilidade foi realizado após 70 dias de tratamento. A avaliação clínica e metabólica ocorreu antes e ao final de 90 dias de fornecimento de cada uma das dietas, sendo que 60 dias antes do fornecimento de cada dieta foi realizado um período preparatório. Durante o período preparatório os animais receberam uma dieta constituída por ração canina e carne, para que ao início dos tratamentos ap... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aims of the study was to evaluate the dietary preference and the diets offered to the nine-banded armadillos kept under human care, emphasizing the action of the diets on the animal performance, as well as the use of the nutrients of each diet. Ten adult nine-banded armadillos (D. novemcinctus) were used for the evaluation of the food preference, being eight males and two females; and six adults nine-banded armadillos (D. novemcinctus), being five males and one female, for digestibility assay. and eight males adults nine-banded armadillos (D. novemcinctus) for clinical and metabolic evaluation. Food preference test, tested four diets that differed in their protein content and fruit inclusion in their composition. For the digestibility assay and clinical and metabolic evaluation were tested two diets with or without fruit inclusion in its composition. The food preference test was conducted using three-point observation: consumption frequency, food intake and intake ratio. The digestibility assay was performed after 70 days of treatment. Clinical and metabolic evaluation occurred before and the end of 90 days of supply of each diet, and 60 days before the supply of each diet a preparatory period was performed. During the preparatory period, the animals received a diet consisting of dog food and meat, so that at the beginning of the treatments presented similar body and metabolic conditions. The diet with the highest protein inclusion, obtained the highest preference in all ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor