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Philistine burial practices in cultural contextFugitt, Stephen Mark 30 November 2003 (has links)
This paper traces burials from Iron Age I Canaan that reflect an influence of Philistine culture. This influence can be measured by the presence of Philistine bichrome pottery or other evidence related to this ancient biblical people. A major road block to the clearest possible understanding of Philistine burials is that no cemeteries have been found at any of the earliest settlements of the biblical Philistines, the Pentapolis. The Old Testament lists these cities as Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, Gath, and Gaza (e.g. Joshua 13:3). Though extensive excavation has been conducted at most of these sites, they have yet to yield a necropolis. Excavations are still being done at Tell es-Safi/Gath and Ashkelon, so hopefully the future will supply researchers with data to help clarify this rather vague area of Philistine studies.
Recognizing these limitations, the paper presents a "symbiotic model," which identifies some of the areas of shared culture from the Canaanite context. Examples of this symbiosis are seen as the amalgamated result of people groups living in close proximity to each other and influencing the customs and practices of their neighbors. A Mycenaean origin of the Philistines is an underlying supposition of the research laid out in this paper. Because of this origin, and the other influences upon the early Philistine settlers in Canaan, a certain amount of cultural comparison becomes necessary to be able to understand the developing Philistine culture of Iron I.
The paper includes a map of tombs and burials bearing Philistine influence and a map identifying different types of tombs and their locations. The variety of tomb types is an important facet of Philistine custom. The strong Egyptian influence upon Canaan and the surrounding area at that time in history is inescapable. Evidence of this influence will be explored. The inclusion of a chapter on the anthropoid clay coffins, and the Philistines' relationship to them, struggles with the scholarly interpretations. Finally, a chapter on literary implications strives to shed light on possible Philistine burial practices from the perspective of the Old Testament and other applicable literatures of the ancient Near East. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / D. Th.
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Military fortifications, weaponry, warfare and military strategy in ancient Syro-Palestine (Iron Age II A)Human, Gary Leroy 30 June 2006 (has links)
he title above comprises elements of the strategic studies concept 'foundations of military force'. Military force has been the final arbiter between the political entities of mankind throughout all ages. The prevalence of this social scourge has left a footprint in every dispensation of man's efforts at civilisation. Regrettably, warfare was and remains one of the core characteristics of human nature.
The artefacts of antiquity are catalogued in archaeological periods. In nearly every instance each layer of human settlement is separated by the effects of warfare. Rather than a sub-discipline on the periphery it is demonstrated herein that military archaeology, refined with the post-World War Two scientific discipline of polemology, can and ought to be moved onto the centre stage of archaeology.
The application of core polemological concepts to IA IIa accurately describes the unfolding of the United Monarchy's capacity to pursue political goals commensurate with its evolutionary war potential. / Religious Studies & Arabic / M.A. (Biblical Studies)
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Archaeology and the Israelite cult : relating to the period (CA. 1950 - 950 B.C.E.)Pennel, John Graham 11 1900 (has links)
This dissertation on "Archaeology and the Israelite Cult" covers a period of ca. I 000 years,
dating from the time of the Hebrew patriarchs ca.l950 B.C.E. to the end of the monarchy which is
given as ca. 950 B.C.E.
The archaeological findings are related to five significant and major excavation sites in
Palestine which have been found to embrace the time span under consideration and point in many ways
to the practice of the Israelite or Canaanite cult. These five sites are:-
a) The Bull Site
b) Kuntillet Ajrud
c) The Fortress- Sanctuary at Arad
d) Shechem
e) Megiddo
The writings of the Israelite cult are scant and commence mainly with the patriarchs. The time
of Abraham and his recognition of a monolatrous god. The beginning of the complex Y ahwistic cult
introduced by Moses in the Sinai Desert, following Israelite escape from Egypt. The Israelite cultic
practices, which are now considered to be syncrestic, are discussed where they relate to biblical texts
and archaeological findings of confirmation. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M.A. (Biblical Studies)
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A demographic analysis of Late Bronze Age Canaan : ancient population estimates and insights through archaeologyKennedy, Titus Michael January 2013 (has links)
This thesis is a demographic analysis of Late Bronze Age Canaan (ca. 1550/1500-1200/1150 BCE), undertaken through the use of archaeological and anthropological data. The purpose is to establish estimates for the settlement population, nomadic population, nuclear family size, house size, sex ratio, and life expectancy of the people of Canaan during the Late Bronze Age. Previous studies have not addressed these issues in detail, nor had data from the entire scope of Canaan been considered, nor had a precise methodology been developed or used for estimating specific settlement populations and nomadic populations for Canaan during the Late Bronze Age. Thus, additional aspects of the thesis include the development and use of a new methodology for estimating ancient populations and a database of all of the Late Bronze Age sites in Canaan—both archaeological and textual.
To accomplish these goals, the thesis uses archaeological data from excavations and surveys, texts from the Late Bronze Age, human skeletal remains from Late Bronze Age burials, demographic and ethnographic studies of various types of nomads, and methods, techniques, and observations from previous relevant studies. The primary objectives are to 1) obtain individual settlement, nomadic, and total population estimates for Canaan in the Late Bronze Age that are as accurate as possible based on the currently available data, along with additional demographic estimates of life expectancy and sex ratio, 2) propose a new methodology for estimating settlement populations in the ancient world, 3) present a catalogue and map of all of the sites in Canaan that were inhabited during the Late Bronze Age, 4) illuminate demographic trends during the Late Bronze Age in Canaan. The implications of the results may lead to a modified demographic view of Canaan and its sub-regions during the Late Bronze Age. / Old Testament & Ancient Near Eastern Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Biblical Archaeology)
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Military fortifications, weaponry, warfare and military strategy in ancient Syro-Palestine (Iron Age II A)Human, Gary Leroy 30 June 2006 (has links)
he title above comprises elements of the strategic studies concept 'foundations of military force'. Military force has been the final arbiter between the political entities of mankind throughout all ages. The prevalence of this social scourge has left a footprint in every dispensation of man's efforts at civilisation. Regrettably, warfare was and remains one of the core characteristics of human nature.
The artefacts of antiquity are catalogued in archaeological periods. In nearly every instance each layer of human settlement is separated by the effects of warfare. Rather than a sub-discipline on the periphery it is demonstrated herein that military archaeology, refined with the post-World War Two scientific discipline of polemology, can and ought to be moved onto the centre stage of archaeology.
The application of core polemological concepts to IA IIa accurately describes the unfolding of the United Monarchy's capacity to pursue political goals commensurate with its evolutionary war potential. / Religious Studies and Arabic / M.A. (Biblical Studies)
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A demographic analysis of Late Bronze Age Canaan : ancient population estimates and insights through archaeologyKennedy, Titus Michael January 2013 (has links)
This thesis is a demographic analysis of Late Bronze Age Canaan (ca. 1550/1500-1200/1150 BCE), undertaken through the use of archaeological and anthropological data. The purpose is to establish estimates for the settlement population, nomadic population, nuclear family size, house size, sex ratio, and life expectancy of the people of Canaan during the Late Bronze Age. Previous studies have not addressed these issues in detail, nor had data from the entire scope of Canaan been considered, nor had a precise methodology been developed or used for estimating specific settlement populations and nomadic populations for Canaan during the Late Bronze Age. Thus, additional aspects of the thesis include the development and use of a new methodology for estimating ancient populations and a database of all of the Late Bronze Age sites in Canaan—both archaeological and textual.
To accomplish these goals, the thesis uses archaeological data from excavations and surveys, texts from the Late Bronze Age, human skeletal remains from Late Bronze Age burials, demographic and ethnographic studies of various types of nomads, and methods, techniques, and observations from previous relevant studies. The primary objectives are to 1) obtain individual settlement, nomadic, and total population estimates for Canaan in the Late Bronze Age that are as accurate as possible based on the currently available data, along with additional demographic estimates of life expectancy and sex ratio, 2) propose a new methodology for estimating settlement populations in the ancient world, 3) present a catalogue and map of all of the sites in Canaan that were inhabited during the Late Bronze Age, 4) illuminate demographic trends during the Late Bronze Age in Canaan. The implications of the results may lead to a modified demographic view of Canaan and its sub-regions during the Late Bronze Age. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Biblical Archaeology)
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Archaeology and the Israelite cult : relating to the period (CA. 1950 - 950 B.C.E.)Pennel, John Graham 11 1900 (has links)
This dissertation on "Archaeology and the Israelite Cult" covers a period of ca. I 000 years,
dating from the time of the Hebrew patriarchs ca.l950 B.C.E. to the end of the monarchy which is
given as ca. 950 B.C.E.
The archaeological findings are related to five significant and major excavation sites in
Palestine which have been found to embrace the time span under consideration and point in many ways
to the practice of the Israelite or Canaanite cult. These five sites are:-
a) The Bull Site
b) Kuntillet Ajrud
c) The Fortress- Sanctuary at Arad
d) Shechem
e) Megiddo
The writings of the Israelite cult are scant and commence mainly with the patriarchs. The time
of Abraham and his recognition of a monolatrous god. The beginning of the complex Y ahwistic cult
introduced by Moses in the Sinai Desert, following Israelite escape from Egypt. The Israelite cultic
practices, which are now considered to be syncrestic, are discussed where they relate to biblical texts
and archaeological findings of confirmation. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M.A. (Biblical Studies)
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Archaeological interpretation and ideology of historical spaces in Israel and the West BankConradie, Dirk Philippus 01 1900 (has links)
Bibliography: leaves 176-186 / The relationship between political, religious ideology and the interpretation of
archaeological excavation in the Holy Land has faced criticism and has been debated by
scholars since the beginning of biblical archaeology in the 19th century and up to the present
day. These debates are not just academic but have manifested itself in the public narrative
and are alleged to have consequences regarding the history of Israel and the physical space
inhabited by both the Israelis and the Palestinians. Some of the current excavations in
Jerusalem are viewed with suspicion. Archaeology is singled out to be biased in its
interpretation and that it is being used for political ends. An investigation of the point of
intersection between archaeology, politics and religion is important for the discourse and
question whether archaeology in Israel has become complicit in the establishment and
continued maintenance of nationhood and the Zionist project, as alleged by the minimalist
scholars and opponents of Israel. Biblical archaeology has been drawn into this debate and
its interpretation. The negative externalities of this discipline are the perceived use of the
biblical text as a reference document and the subsequent findings of Late Bronze and Iron
Age archaeology, which raise questions about the veracity of the biblical text and its impact
on biblical scholarship and religion.
Archaeologists and their interpretation of these spaces find themselves amid this
paradigmatic revolution. The integrity of these scholars, their methodologies and their
motivations are interrogated to the point of an ideological debate.
The position of Palestinian archaeology hangs in the balance and there is no clear indication
as to its future or whether any collaboration with Israeli archaeology is possible due to the
politicisation in the region and the distrust that exists between Israel and the West Bank in
general.
This research reveals the extent in which these externalities of biblical archaeology and its
interpretation have had an effect on ideology and its prevalence, and whether the questions
and criticisms raised are justified. The views of archaeologists who have been actively
involved in the excavation of the region provide these answers. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / D. Phil. (Biblical archaeology)
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