Orientador: Plauto Christopher Aranha Watanabe / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T03:10:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alonso_MariaBeatrizCarrazzoneCal_M.pdf: 1273899 bytes, checksum: 90c93a501625c678b08105c8098ff2cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar a espessura do osso cortical mandibular (ECM) na região do forame mentual (Índice Mentual- IM) e na região goníaca (Índice Goníaco-IG), em radiografias panorâmicas de brasileiros e verificar como se relacionam com o gênero e a idade. Um total de 1.287 radiografias panorâmicas digitais de indivíduos de 17-90 anos de idade, de ambos os gêneros, foram selecionadas e distribuídas em cinco grupos de idade: 17-20 anos, 21-35, 36-55, 56-69 e 70 ou mais. O IM e IG, foram avaliados utilizando o software Radioimp ® e as medidas da espessura do osso cortical foram feitas bilateralmente, por um pesquisador experiente. Os valores médios e desvios-padrão para ambos os índices foram obtidos. ANOVA, teste de Tukey e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foram utilizados para as análises estatísticas. Todos os índices quantitativos foram significativamente correlacionados com o gênero e idade (p <0,05), porém, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre alguns grupos etários, considerando ambos os gêneros. A concordância intra e inter-avaliador foi excelente. Pôde-se verificar que a ECM é influenciada pela idade e pelo gênero. Os valores médios obtidos em homens e mulheres jovens podem ajudar a criar uma ferramenta padrão para avaliar a qualidade óssea em pacientes pertencentes a grupos de diferentes idades / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mandibular cortical bone thickness (MCBT) in the mental foramen region (Mentalis Index- MI) and in the gonial region (Gonial Index- GI) on panoramic radiographs in Brazilians and check how they relate to gender and age.. A total of 1,287 digital panoramic radiographs of patients, age 17 to 90 years, both genders, were selected and assigned to five groups of age: 17-20 years; 21-35; 36-55; 56-69 and 70 or older. The MI and GI were evaluated using the Radioimp ® software and the measurements of the cortical bone thickness were made bilaterally by one experience researcher. Mean values and standard deviations for both MI and GI were obtained. ANOVA, Tukey's test and the intraclass correlation coefficient were used for the statistical analyses. All the quantitative indices were significantly correlated with gender and age (p <0.05); however, no significant differences were found among some age groups, considering both genders. Intra and inter-rater agreement was excellent. The MCBT is influenced by age and gender. The mean values obtained in young men and women can help establish a standard tool to assess bone quality in patients belonging to all groups of age / Mestrado / Radiologia Odontologica / Mestre em Radiologia Odontológica

Orientador: Oswaldo Di Hipolito Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T06:14:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinto_LucielmaSalmitoSoares_M.pdf: 701901 bytes, checksum: 30581f291a83315c36782384f7264bba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as necessidades de tratamento odontológico de pacientes infantis com idade entre 3 e 12 anos, através da análise de 1.000 (mil) fichas clínicas e radiografias panorâmicas, feitas pelo setor de Triagem/Semiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, UNICAMP, no período de março de 1997 a abril de 2005. A média de idade dos pacientes atendidos foi de 8,6 anos, 51,5 % eram do gênero feminino e 76,1% tinham cor de pele branca. Os principais motivos que fizeram os pacientes procurarem atendimento foram avaliação ortodôntica em 31,1% dos casos, avaliação de rotina em 21,2%. O motivo dor foi citado em 11,9%. As necessidades odontológicas mais freqüentes entre os pacientes avaliados foram: tratamento restaurador em 65,7%, correções ortodônticas em 38,8% e exodontias em 21,4%. Observou-se que 29% das crianças estavam livres de cárie, não necessitando de qualquer tipo de tratamento curativo. Com a avaliação das radiografias panorâmicas, pudemos observar que os achados mais comuns foram agenesias dentárias em 4,2%, anomalia de forma ou tamanho em 1,5% e presença de supranumerários em 0,9% das radiografias. Conclui-se que os pacientes infantis atendidos na FOP-UNICAMP são, predominantemente, do gênero feminino e de cor branca. A maioria tem necessidades na área de dentística e ortodontia, tendo como achados radiográficos mais freqüentes as alterações de número, forma e tamanho dentais / Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the dental care needs of pediatric patients with age ranged from 3 to 12 years. A total of 1.000 clinical charts and panoramic radiographies performed by the Screening/ Semiology Piracicaba Dental School. UNICAMP were reviewed, from March 1997 to April 2005. The mean age of the patients was 8.6 years old, 51.5% were female and 76.1% had white skin color. The main complaints of the patients were orthodontic evaluation (31.5%), check up visit (21.2%) and pain (11.9%). The most frequent dental care needs were restorative procedure (65.7%) followed by orthodontic correction (38.8%) and dental extraction (21.4%). Twenty nine percent of the children were carie free and they did not need any curative care. The panoramic screening examination revealed that the major findings were dental agenesy (4.2%), dental anomaly of shape or size (1.5%) and the presence of supernumerary teeth (0.9%). We conclude that pediatric patients who were attended at FOP-UNICAMP are predominantly female and white. The majority needs restorative and orthodontic care, and the most usual radiographic findings are dental anomalies of number, size or shape / Mestrado / Estomatologia / Mestre em Estomatopatologia

A literatura tem alertado para a presença de imagens radiopacas em radiografias panorâmicas, adjacentes à coluna cervical, indicativas de calcificações na bifurcação da artéria carótida, representando indícios da presença de ateromas. Diferentes imagens radiopacas podem ser observadas na região cervical (anatômicas e patológicas), cujas características devem ser conhecidas. Existem, no entanto, considerações a serem feitas em relação a diferentes constituições físicas entre sexos, raças, e mesmo relacionadas ao tipo físico do indivíduo, que podem produzir projeções diferenciadas nas radiografias panorâmicas. A interpretação dessas radiografias requer uma compreensão da formação das imagens, já que a radiografia panorâmica é um sistema rotacional que resulta na formação de uma zona de nitidez dentro da qual as estruturas aparecem em foco e as que estivem para fora aparecerão borradas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a contribuição das telerradiografias, nas normas lateral e frontal, na identificação e localização de calcificações em tecidos moles, quando comparado com as observadas em radiografia panorâmica. Referências radiopacas em guta percha foram posicionadas unilateralmente, em três cabeças de cadáveres, procurando manter sempre no mesmo nível da bifurcação da artéria carótida comum, em diferentes estruturas, sítios de possíveis calcificações e foram obtidas três incidências radiográficas para cada peça anatômica. Assim, a amostra deste estudo foi composta por 27 radiografias panorâmicas, 27 telerradiografias em norma lateral e 27 telerradiografias em norma frontal, totalizando 81 radiografias. Estas imagens foram avaliadas por 05 examinadores para que identificassem qual a localização mais provável da referência radiopaca e se as telerradiografias em norma lateral e frontal auxiliaram no diagnóstico diferencial das calcificações, quando observadas na radiografia panorâmica. Os resultados obtidos apontaram que as telerradiografias em norma lateral e frontal não contribuem eficazmente na identificação e localização de radiopacidades na região cervical, e que a conformação anatômica interfere na observação da presença de radiopacidade na região cervical. / The literature has warned about the presence of radiopaque images in panoramic radiographs, adjacent to the spine, indicative of calcifications in the bifurcation of the carotid artery, representing signs of the presence of atheromas. Different radiopaque images can be observed in the cervical region (anatomic and pathologic), whose characteristics should be known. There are, however, considerations to be made with regard to the different physical constitutions between sexes, races, and even related to the physical type of the individual, which may produce differentiated projections in panoramic radiographs. Interpretation of these radiographs requires an understanding of the formation of the images, since the panoramic radiograph is a rotational system that results in the formation of a zone of nitidity within which the structures appear in focus and those that are outside of it appear blurred. The aim of the study was to evaluate the contribution of lateral and frontal teleradiographs to the identification and location of calcifications in soft tissues, when compared with those observed in panoramic radiographs. Radiopaque references in gutta percha were placed unilaterally on the heads of three cadavers, endeavoring at all times to keep to the same level as the bifurcation of the common carotid artery in different structures, sites of possible calcifications, and three radiographic incidences were obtained for each anatomic part. Thus, the sample of this study was composed of 27 panoramic radiographs, 27 lateral teleradiographs and 27 frontal teleradiographs, totaling 81 radiographs. These images were evaluated by 05 examiners so that they could identify which the most probable location of the radiopaque reference would be, and whether the lateral and frontal teleradiographs were a help in the differential diagnosis of the calcifications, when observed in the panoramic radiograph. The results obtained showed that the lateral and frontal teleradiographs did not contribute efficiently to the identification and location of radiopacities in the cervical region, and that the anatomic conformation interferes in the observation of the presence of radiopacity in the cervical region.

Neste estudo avaliou-se a eficácia da radiografia panorâmica na detecção de desvio do septo nasal. Para tanto, utilizou-se como padrão ouro o exame clínico e imagens tomográficas da face. A amostra foi composta por imagens radiográficas panorâmicas e por imagens de tomografia computadorizada da face de 70 indivíduos. Dentre os indivíduos que compuseram o estudo, 30 eram pacientes que seriam submetidos a tratamento odontológico e possuíam radiografias panorâmicas nas quais foram observadas imagens compatíveis com desvio do septo nasal. Estes pacientes foram avaliados por um otorrinolaringologista e submetidos, segundo o critério da justificação, ao exame de tomografia computadorizada da face. Os outros 40 indivíduos foram selecionados a partir de imagens panorâmicas dos prontuários de pacientes disponíveis no arquivo da Clínica de Estomatologia da FOB-USP e que também haviam realizado tomografia computadorizada da face para elaboração de diagnóstico e plano de tratamento odontológico. Os resultados mostraram que a radiografia panorâmica, segundo a metodologia adotada, foi eficaz na detecção do desvio do septo nasal, com 100% de Especificidade. Além disso, este exame permite a confirmação da ausência deste desvio na maioria dos casos, com 86% de Sensibilidade. / OBJECTIVE: Discern the efficacy of panoramic radiography on nasal septum deviation. Gold standard computerized tomography along with clinical examination was used for comparison. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sample was composed of 70 subjects from Stomatology files of FOB-USP. Nasal septum deviation was assessed using the panoramic radiographies. Then, computerized tomography was analyzed and the results confronted. RESULTS: Images of nasal septum deviation were observed and confirmed in both exams on 100% of the subjects. However, in those cases with no deviation observed with the panoramic radiographies, its presence was confirmed in 86% after computerized tomography. CONCLUSION: Panoramic radiography was trustable for confirmation of nasal septum presence, with 100% of Specificity. Further, this exam allows the confirmation of the absence of this deviation in the majority of cases, with 86% of Sensibility.

Orientadores: Felippe Bevilacqua Prado, / Texto em português e inglês / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T07:01:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rondon_BrunaCarolinaSantos_M.pdf: 1238787 bytes, checksum: ac74cbb3fe7dc50620fea17d3760b48a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Rica em detalhes, a mandíbula é um osso que pode ser útil na determinação do sexo do indivíduo, pois características presentes nela apresentam alto grau de dimorfismo sexual. No entanto, estudos que correlacionam este traço com outras características individuais têm sido pouco discutidos, e por isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do biotipo facial e da condição dentária no dimorfismo sexual, por meio da análise morfométrica da mandíbula humana. Foram avaliadas 900 radiografias panorâmicas. O biotipo facial dos indivíduos já havia sido determinado previamente pelos registros obtidos nas radiografias panorâmicas. Para fazer parte da amostra, foram selecionadas radiografias de indivíduos com faixa etária entre 11-91 anos (±43.3 anos). As medições foram feitas em software específico e apenas um pesquisador realizou as medidas. Em ambos os lados foram realizadas as seguintes medidas: ângulo goníaco, incisura pré-goníaca, profundidade da incisura pré-goníaca, curvatura posterior do ramo mandibular e profundidade da incisura mandibular. As diferenças entre os lados direito e esquerdo da mandíbula, sexo e biotipo facial foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) para verificar diferenças nos grupos amostrais. Depois, foi aplicado o teste de Tukey- LSD para descrever as diferenças que foram significativas dos grupos. O teste de regressão logística também foi realizado, e a análise de variância (ANOVA) não mostrou diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os lados de todas as medidas, considerando-se as demais condições (sexo, condição dental e biotipo facial). Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre o sexo e idade. Os resultados da regressão mostraram que o ângulo goníaco e idade não influenciaram na determinação do sexo pelo modelo proposto, e não foram considerados. A predição do sexo, considerando o modelo em estudo em relação ao biótipo facial é de 63,7%. Não houve influência da condição dentária no modelo, e a taxa de precisão foi maior nos dentados totais (71,3 %). Em conclusão, as alterações mandibulares nas regiões do ângulo goníaco e incisura pré-goníaca ocorrem principalmente de acordo com a condição dentária e sexo / Abstract: Rich in detail, the jaw is a bone that may be useful in determining the sex of the individual, because it features presents a high degree of sexual dimorphism. However, studies that correlate this trait with other individual characteristics have been little discussed, and because of this the aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of facial biotype and dental status in sexual dimorphism, by morphometric analysis of human jaw. 900 panoramic radiographs were evaluated. Facial biotype of the individuals had been previously determined by clinical exams and clinical records of the panoramic radiographs. For inclusion in the sample were selected panoramic radiographs with age group 11-91 years (±43.3 years). The measurements were made in specific software and adjusted according to the magnification of the panoramic imaging. Only one researcher performed the measurements. On both sides, the following measurements were performed: gonial angle, antegonial angle, antegonial depth, posterior curvature of the mandibular branch, depth of mandibular incisure. Differences between the right and left sides of the mandible, sex and facial biotype of the individual were subject to analysis of variance (ANOVA) to verify the sample groups difference. After we applied the Tukey-LSD test to describe the significant differences of the groups. The logistic regression test was performed showing a setting of appropriate model by Hosmer & Lemeshow test and Chi-square tests. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no statistically significant differences between the sides of any measures, considering the other conditions (sex, dental condition and facial biotype). There were no statistically significant differences between the sexes and age groups. The results of regression showed that the gonial angle and age did not influence the sex determination by the model proposed, and, were not considered. The accurate prediction of the sex considering the targeted model in relation to the facial biotype is 63.7%. Have no influence of the dental status in the model, and the accuracy rate was higher in total dentate (71.3%). In conclusion, the mandibular change in gonial and antegonial regions occurs mainly according to dental status and sex / Mestrado / Odontologia Legal e Deontologia / Mestra em Biologia Buco-Dental

Orientador: Solange Maria Almeida / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T12:46:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_JulioCesarBentodos_M.pdf: 7612034 bytes, checksum: 606a68f5cabb358d723b7501b7c58c5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Resumo: O presente estudo teve por finalidade avaliar três métodos radiográficos, radiografia periapical, radiografia panorâmica e sistema digital, no diagnóstico de lesões apicais produzidas artificialmente em mandíbulas maceradas. E se o tamanho das lesões interferem no diagnóstico radiográfico. Para tanto, as lesões apicais foram produzidas utilizando-se brocas esféricas com diâmetros diferentes, permitindo assim que o diâmetro das lesões sofresse alteração em tamanho conforme a broca utilizada. Assim, o estudo foi dividido em 04 fases: fase inicial ou 1, caracterizada pela ausência de lesão; fase 2, caracterizada pela lesão produzida com a broca 6 com medida da ponta ativa de 1,8mm; fase 3, caracterizada pela lesão produzida com a broca 8 com medida da ponta ativa de 2,3mm; fase 4, caracterizada pela lesão produzida com a broca 10 com medida da ponta ativa de 2,7mm; e fase cortical ou 5, quando a lesão atingia as corticais ósseas. Todas as fases foram, realizadas em 04 regiões da mandíbula: incisivo, canino, pré-molares e molares. As radiografias foram obtidas após cada fase e, posteriormente, foram analisadas por 04 radiologistas. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante na fase broca 6 (R) nos incisivos a favor do sistema digital. O mesmo ocorreu na fase cortical (LI) na região de pré-molares. Na região dos molares houve uma diferença etatisticamente significante na fase broca 10 (D) para a radiografia panorâmica e na fase cortical esta técnica foi a menos eficaz. Nas demais fases e regiões não houve uma diferença estatisticamente significante / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate three radiographys techniques: periapical radiography, panoramic and digital radiography, about diagnostic accuracy of artificially produced bony lesions in human jaw dry. The periapical diseases were done using burs numbers 6, 8 and 10 thus allowing the lesions diameter to incresing according to burs size. Therefore, the study was dividided in four phases: phase 1 without periapical disease, phase 2 periapical disease made by bur number 6, phase 3 periapical disease made by bur number 8, phase 4 periapical disease made by bur number 10 and phase 5 periapical disease touchs junction area of the cortex. The phases were in four regions in the jaw, anterior, canine, premolar and molar. The radiographies were evaluated by four oral radiologists observers. The results showed that in the anterior region there was a significant statistically difference only at phase 2, that is the lesion was produced with bur 6, the digital radiography was more successfull and it was also observed in the premolar region in the cortical phase. In the molar region there was a false true result during the inicial phase, without lesion. During phase 4 (burn 10 ) and cortical phase there was a statistically significant difference in favor of the panoramic radiography / Mestrado / Radiologia / Mestre em Odontologia

Abstract Today, digital imaging is widely used in dentistry. In medical radiography, the importance of displays and room illuminance has been shown in many studies, whereas the effect of these factors in the diagnosis of dental radiography is not clear and remains controversial. There is limited knowledge among dentists as to how observer performance is affected by the type of display, level of ambient light or grayscale calibration. The aim of this thesis was to compare observer performance in the detection of both anatomical structures and pathology in panoramic and bitewing radiographs using consumer grade display with γ 2.2- and DICOM-calibration, a tablet (3rd generation Apple iPad® and a 6 MegaPixel (MP) display under different lighting conditions. Furthermore, the thesis aimed at providing recommendations for type of display and acceptable illuminance levels in the room for interpretation of dental radiographs. Thirty panoramic and bitewing radiographs were randomly evaluated on four displays under bright (510 lx) and dim (16 lx) ambient lighting by two observers. Both anatomical structures and pathology were evaluated because they provided both low- and high-contrast structure. Consensus was considered as reference. Intra- and inter-observer agreement was determined. The proportion of equivalent ratings and weighted kappa were used to assess the reliability. The level of significance was set to P&lt;0.05. DICOM calibration may improve observer performance in the detection of pathology in panoramic radiographs regardless of the room illuminance level. DICOM calibration improves the detection of enamel and dentinal caries in bitewing radiographs, particularly in bright lighting conditions. On the other hand, in dental practice the room illuminance level is often higher, and it is thus recommended that the overall lighting level should be decreased. Furthermore, a DICOM-calibrated consumer grade display can be used instead of a medical display in dental practice without compromising the diagnostic quality and it saves costs. Tablet displays are recommended to use with care in dental radiography. / Tiivistelmä Hammaslääketieteessä käytetään nykyään pääasiassa digitaalista kuvantamista. Lääketieteellisessä radiologiassa näyttöjen ja käyttöympäristön valaistuksen merkitys kuvien katseluun on osoitettu lukuisissa tutkimuksissa, kun taas hammaslääketieteellisten tutkimusten tulokset näiden tekijöiden vaikutuksista röntgenkuvien tulkintaan eivät ole yksiselitteisiä ja niissä on ristiriitaisuutta. Hammaslääkäreiden tiedot näyttöjen, kalibroinnin ja ympäröivän valaistuksen vaikutuksesta röntgenkuvan tulkintaan ovat puutteellisia. Tämän väitöskirjan tarkoituksena oli vertailla näyttöjen suorituskykyä panoraama- ja purusiivekekuvien tulkinnassa eri valaistusolosuhteissa. Tutkimuksessa vertailtiin γ 2.2- ja DICOM-kalibroitua perusnäyttöä, tablettia (kolmannen polven Apple iPad®) sekä 6 MegaPikselin (MP) lääketieteelliseen käyttöön tarkoitettua näyttöä. Lisäksi väitöskirjan tarkoituksena oli antaa hammaslääketieteellisten röntgenkuvien katseluun soveltuvia näyttöjä ja käyttöympäristön valaistusta koskevia suosituksia. Kaksi tulkitsijaa arvioi 30 panoraama- ja purusiivekeröntgenkuvaa satunnaisessa järjestyksessä neljältä eri näytöltä kirkkaassa (510 luksia) ja hämärässä (16 luksia) valaistuksessa. Tutkimuksessa arvioitiin sekä korkeakontrastisia anatomisia rakenteita että matalakontrastisia patologisia löydöksiä. Tuloksia verrattiin tutkijoiden väliseen yhteisluentaan. Luotettavuuden arviointiin käytettiin yhdenmukaisuusosuutta sekä painotettua kappaa. Toistettavuuden arvioimiseksi laskettiin kapat toisen alkuperäisten ja uusintaluentojen sekä molempien tulkitsijoiden alkuperäisluentojen välille. Merkitsevyystasoksi määriteltiin p&lt;0,05. DICOM-kalibrointi voi parantaa patologisten löydösten tulkintaa panoraamakuvissa molemmissa valaistusolosuhteissa. DICOM-kalibrointi parantaa selvästi purusiivekekuvien hammaskiille- ja hammasluukarieksen tulkintaa erityisesti kirkkaassa valaistuksessa. Hammaslääkäreiden työskentelytilojen valaistus on yleensä korkeampi kuin tutkimuksessa käytetty, joten näyttöjen käyttöympäristön valaistusta tulisi laskea toimistovalaistusta vastaavaksi. DICOM-kalibroitua perusnäyttöä voidaan suositella käytettäväksi kalliiden medikaalinäyttöjen sijaan. Tablettia tulee sen sijaan käyttää harkiten hammaskuvien tulkintaan.

Dans la plupart des applications de robotique, un système de vision apporte une amélioration significative de la perception de l’environnement. La vision panoramique est particulièrement intéressante car elle rend possible une perception omnidirectionnelle. Elle est cependant rarement utilisée en pratique à cause des limitations technologiques découlant des méthodes la permettant. La grande majorité de ces méthodes associent des caméras, des miroirs, des grands angles et des systèmes rotatifs ensembles pour créer des champs de vision élargis. Les principaux défauts de ces méthodes sont les importantes distorsions des images et l’hétérogénéité de la résolution. Certaines autres méthodes permettant des résolutions homogènes, prodiguent un flot de données très important qui est difficile à traiter en temps réel et sont soit trop lents soit manquent de précision. Pour résoudre ces problèmes, nous proposons la réalisation d’une caméra panoramique intelligente qui présente plusieurs améliorations technologiques par rapport aux autres caméras linéaires rotatives. Cette caméra capture des panoramas cylindriques homogènes avec une résolution de 6600 × 2048 pixels. La synchronisation de la capture avec la position angulaire est possible grâce à une plateforme rotative de précision. Nous proposons aussi une solution au problème que pose le gros flot de données avec l’implémentation d’un extracteur de primitives qui sélectionne uniquement les primitives invariantes des images pour donner un système panoramique de vision qui ne transmet que les données pertinentes. Le système a été modélisé et une méthode de calibrage spécifiquement conçue pour les systèmes cylindriques rotatifs est présentée. Enfin, une application de localisation et de reconstruction 3D est décrite pour montrer une utilisation pratique dans une application de type Simultaneous Localization And Mapping ( SLAM ). / In most robotic applications, vision systems can significantly improve the perception of the environment. The panoramic view has particular attractions because it allows omnidirectional perception. However, it is rarely used because the methods that provide panoramic views also have significant drawbacks. Most of these omnidirectional vision systems involve the combination of a matrix camera and a mirror, rotating matrix cameras or a wide angle lens. The major drawbacks of this type of sensors are in the great distortions of the images and the heterogeneity of the resolution. Some other methods, while providing homogeneous resolutions, also provide a huge data flow that is difficult to process in real time and are either too slow or lacking in precision. To address these problems, we propose a smart panoramic vision system that presents technological improvements over rotating linear sensor methods. It allows homogeneous 360 degree cylindrical imaging with a resolution of 6600 × 2048 pixels and a precision turntable to synchronize position with acquisition. We also propose a solution to the bandwidth problem with the implementation of a feature etractor that selects only the invariant feaures of the image in such a way that the camera produces a panoramic view at high speed while delivering only relevant information. A general geometric model has been developped has been developped to describe the image formation process and a caligration method specially designed for this kind of sensor is presented. Finally, localisation and structure from motion experiments are described to show a practical use of the system in SLAM applications.

Magister Scientiae - MSc / Nowadays, the availability of radiographic modalities from conventional radiography to more advanced approaches such as medical computed tomography as well as cone beam computed tomography have been useful in providing insights of relevant anatomy prior to surgical procedures. The increased popularity of cone beam computed tomography has prompted interest in the utility of this approach for diagnostic application in dentistry, including the assessment of the proximity of impacted mandibular third molars to the inferior alveolar canal. It is important to understand the reliability of conventional panoramic radiograph in the assessment of this criterion since it is more commonly used as first line radiographic approach due to its availability and lower radiation dose. This study is aimed to investigate the reliability of conventional panoramic radiograph in the evaluation of the proximity of impacted mandibular third molar root tip to the inferior alveolar canal by correlating the results with cone beam computed tomography. A retrospective study of forty nine patients who underwent panoramic radiography as well as cone beam computed tomography for examination of impacted mandibular third molars was conducted. Two observers were participated in all image evaluation. In this study, both observers recorded statistically significant differences in the measurement of the apices of vertically impacted third molars and the inferior alveolar canal from panoramic radiographs and cone beam computed tomography images. The low reliability of panoramic radiograph to assess the vertical proximity between these two anatomical structures suggests the importance of additional assessment with cone beam computed tomography in cases where panoramic radiograph shows superimposition of the third molar root on the roof of the canal, presence of root below the roof of the canal and presence of bone height of less than one millimetre separating the third molar from the inferior alveolar canal.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Aim: The aim of this study was to report on the frequency of and radiographic features of non-odontogenic malignancies of the jaws as seen on panoramic images, stored in the radiological achieves over an eleven year period.