Gegenstand dieser linguistischen Untersuchung ist das sprachlich-kommunikative Verhalten von Bewohnern einer Mennoniten-Kolonie in Paraguay. Die Autorin gibt zunächst eine gründliche ethnografische Analyse der gemeinsamen sozialen Identität, der internen Gliederungen und Strukturen, der Kommunikationsanlässe etc. und beschreibt auf dieser Grundlage die durch ethnische und religiöse Überzeugungen geprägten sozialen Stile einzelner Interaktionsgruppen in bestimmten Kommunikationssituationen. Forschungsleitende Idee ist die Ethnografie des Sprechens, durchgeführt mit den Methoden der linguistischen Gesprächsanalyse. Der zweite Schwerpunkt ist mehr strukturell orientiert: Die Autorin beschreibt auf den Ebenen der Lexik und der Morphosyntax die Besonderheiten der Fernheimer Standardsprache (‚Mennonitendeutsch‘), die durch die lange Tradition des mennonitisch-niederdeutschen Plautdietschen und durch einige spanische Lehnwörter geprägt ist. Diese Untersuchung zeigt, wie man quantitative und qualitative, struktur- und interaktionsorientierte Fragestellungen der Soziolinguistik gewinnbringend miteinander kombinieren kann. / The focus of this study is the verbal and communicative behaviour of inhabitants of a Mennonite colony in Paraguay. The first part of the study comprises a profound ethnographic analysis, evaluating the inhabitants’ shared social identity, the prevailing internal structures, as well as the occasions for communication. On this basis, the author elucidates the social styles of specific interactional groups in certain communicative situations, which are shaped by their ethnic and religious convictions. The guiding concept of the investigation is the ethnography of speaking, which is carried out through conversation analytical methodology. The second major focus is of a more structural nature. From a lexical and morphosyntactic perspective, the author describes the idiosyncrasies of ‘Mennonite German’, the standard variety of German spoken in the Fernheim colony. This variety is shown to be influenced by the long tradition of Mennonite Low German, and some Spanish loan words.

Locals in Filadelfia, the urban center of western Paraguay's Mennonite Colonies, see the public presence of indigenous Ayoreo `sex workers' as a moral stain on the city and a major social problem. These young women's practices upend local perceptions as well as established theoretical categories of sex work. They treat interactions with male `friends' not as `work' but as `play,' they do not see their practices as morally fraught; and they move in and out of the activity, until they leave it behind and marry within their own group. This dissertation, based on 49 months of long-term fieldwork, examines the cultural meanings of `sex work' among Ayoreo young women to understand how colliding ethical systems, framed by five decades of Ayoreo engagement with the market economy and intense Christianization shape the cultural production of gender and sexuality, and notions of exchange and the commoditization of bodies. Ayoreo `sex work' does not fit conventional academic models, which reduce such activity to proof of economic necessity or women's stigmatization of women. Rather than being a form of feminine submission or exploitation, it is a unique cultural phenomenon constructed in a web of social relations forged through processes of cultural change, religious hegemony, and economic shifts experienced by the Ayoreo over the twentieth century.

Thesis (M.A.)--Duquesne University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-100) and index.

Thesis (M.A.)--Wisconsin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 237-240).

Orientador: Carlos Alberto Sampaio Barbosa / Banca: Milton Carlos Costa / Banca: Luiz Felipe Viel Moreira / Resumo: A literatura roabastiana sai da estante dos clássicos literários e vem a público, a fim de demonstrar sua face historiográfica e intelectual, quando expõe os vícios políticos, os medos, a cultura da sociedade paraguaia em seus "anos de chumbo". Este trabalho visa entender a visão da ditadura estronista e da história paraguaia construída pelo escritor, roteirista e crítico literário Antonio Augusto Roa Bastos, que ganhou o mundo das letras com sua obra prima Yo, el Supremo (1974) que se constituiu uma mordaz crítica ao autoritarismo paraguaio. Este intelectual se tornou ícone da literatura paraguaia e latino- americana pela sua qualidade técnica, mas também, pela escrita compromissada desenvolvida ao longo de sua carreira literária. O exílio forçado de 1947 até 1994 tornou este escritor um cidadão do mundo e permitiu que sua visão da realidade se tornasse ampla, pois as fronteiras territoriais se apagaram. O ponto de partida de sua escrita compromissada é sua terra natal: o Paraguai, do qual, discute seus problemas políticos e sociais por meio dos fatos históricos. Por fim, em seus textos representa situações comuns ao continente americano como sendo traços de uma sociedade autoritária e violenta, na qual o sofrimento humano e a resistência política estão enraizados. Além das propostas citadas há a intenção de compreender a posição do intelectual Roa Bastos frente ao regime estronista por meio da crítica social empreendida pelo autor nos romances Yo, el Supremo (1974) e El Fiscal (1993). Ler-se-á o contexto político que produziu essas obras. Para tanto é preciso compreender a realidade política paraguaia retratada pelo romancista, pois, a nosso ver é preciso conhecer o cenário político paraguaio, no qual a obra foi gestada. Cabe ressaltar que essa realidade política foi marcada pelo autoritarismo ao longo do século XX... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The literature roabastiana out the shelf of literary classics and goes public in order to demonstrate their intellectual and historiographical face when exposes the political vices, fears, culture of Paraguayan society in his "years of lead". This work aims to understand the vision of the dictatorship estronista and history built by Paraguayan writer, screenwriter and literary critic Antonio Augusto Roa Bastos, who won the world of letters with his masterpiece I, the Suprem (1974) which was a scathing critique of authoritarianism in Paraguay. This intellectual became an icon of Paraguayan literature and Latin American for its technical quality, but also committed for writing developed throughout his literary career. The forced exile from 1947 until 1994 this writer became a citizen of the world and allowed his vision of reality became wide as territorial boundaries faded. The starting point of your writing committed is their homeland: Paraguay, which discusses his political and social problems through the facts history.And finally writer in his texts, represents situations common to the American continent as traces of a violent and authoritarian society in which human suffering and political resistance are rooted. Besides the above mentioned proposals is the intention of understanding the intellectual Roa Bastos opposite regime stronist through social criticism undertaken by the author in the novels I,the Suprem (1974) and El fiscal (1993). Reading will be the political context that produced these works. For this it is necessary to understand the political reality portrayed by Paraguayan novelist because, in our view it is necessary to know the scenario Paraguayan politician, in which the work was gestated. Note that this political reality was marked by authoritarianism throughout the twentieth century... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Este ensaio percorre algumas cartografias imaginárias do Paraguai, e suas transformações, pensadas a partir da produção literária de autores paraguaios, incluídas a música popular e a produção cinematográfica, desde finais do século XIX até finais do século XX. As reflexões estão articuladas em torno a representações insulares, partindo de imaginários universais. Com frequência, o Paraguai é definido como insular, em função de condições geográficas, políticas, econômicas e culturais mediterrâneas, que marcam uma distância das metrópoles globais e regionais a princípio ressaltando a falta de costa marítima do Estado paraguaio . Historicamente, estas condições teriam contribuído a um suposto estatuto de invisibilidade do país, e dificuldade de participação e posta em circulação de produções simbólicas. Algumas representações aludem a um sentido de perda, em termos territoriais; outras, à impenetrabilidade cultural ou distância geográfica do país, incluída uma suposta ausência de processos modernizadores no país, comparado com a região. O conceito de heterotopia de Michel Foucault é empregado para interpretar algumas destas representações, assim como a formação de ilhas geológicas e da imaginação descritas por Gilles Deleuze. A reflexão sobre a formação e a transformação da metáfora do Paraguai insular apela à ideia de movimentos verticais e horizontais: de separação implicada na imagem de elevação para uma reconstrução, nos períodos de pós-guerra; ou na barbarização do Paraguai por parte de seus opositores culturais ; de fuga e implosão, como saída do fechamento insular; assim como de aproximação, que alude à modernização do Paraguai, e sua integração a processos regionais e globais. Nos autores estudados, uma tensão entre línguas está presente na escrita de ficção: o guarani é a língua majoritária da sociedade paraguaia, mas a produção literária em castelhano é hegemônica; porém, existem textos híbridos que misturam as duas línguas. Logo após a queda da ditadura de Alfredo Strossner, e em coincidência com a fundação do MERCOSUL, escritores paraguaios e brasileiros intensificaram uma produção literária que mistura castelhano, português, e também guarani: signo possível de abertura dos limites insulares, e uma aproximação a processos modernizadores, o fenômeno também pode ser pensado como uma expressão de maturidade do colonialismo brasileiro no Paraguai / This essay covers some imaginary cartography of Paraguay, and its transformations, thought from the literary production of Paraguayan authors, including popular music and film production from the late nineteenth century to the late twentieth century. The reflections are articulated around island representations, starting from universal imaginaries. Often, Paraguay is defined as insular, due to geographic, political, economic and cultural landlocked conditions, marking a distance from the global and regional metropolises at first, highlighting the lack of coastline of Paraguayan State . Historically, these conditions would have contributed to a supposed invisibility status of the country, and a difficulty of participation and circulation of symbolic productions. Some representations allude to a sense of loss, in territorial terms; others, to cultural impenetrability or geographical distance of the country, including the alleged absence of modernizing process in the country, compared to the region. Michel Foucaults concept of heterotopy is used to interpret some of these representations, as well as the formation of geological and imaginary islands described by Gilles Deleuze. Reflection on the formation and transformation of the metaphor of insular Paraguay appeals to the idea of vertical and horizontal movements: separation involved in the image of a rising for a reconstruction, in periods of post-war; or in barbarization of Paraguay by its cultural opponents ; leakage and implosion, as output of insular closure; as well as approach, which refers to the Paraguayan modernization, and its integration into regional and global processes. In the authors studied, a tension between languages is present in their fiction writing: Guarani is the majority language of the Paraguayan society, but the literary production in Spanish is hegemonic; however, there are hybrid texts that mix both languages. Soon after the fall of Alfredo Stroessners dictatorship, and coinciding with the foundation of MERCOSUR, Paraguayan and Brasilian writers intensified a literary production which mixes Spanish, Portuguese and also Guarani: a possible sign of opening of island boundaries, and an approach to modernizing processes, the phenomenon can also be thought as an expression of Brazilian colonialism in Paraguay

Global beef markets are highly influenced by sanitary issues, mainly related to animal health and food safety, which have been determining levels and trends in global beef trade. Food safety issues affecting human health such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) associated with Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (vCJD) in humans, and other diseases affecting production such as foot and mouth disease (FMD) has encouraged putting these issues to beef trade attention. A way to address these concerns and comply with international standards is the use of traceability systems in order to quickly identify hazard sources and assure beef quality and safety. The goal of this research was to assess the effect of exporting countries sanitary status of BSE and FMD, and traceability systems in beef export prices and to examine Paraguayan beef exports relative to other exporting countries. Data of the top beef exporters was collected from the United Nations Commodity Trade Database (UN Comtrade), including export operations volume and receipt with each of their trading partners, from 2000 to 2012. Four commodities were studied: Frozen and Fresh/Chilled bone-in and boneless beef cuts. The data was analyzed using ordinary least squares regression methods (a hedonic price equation). Five models were run, one for each commodity and lastly one with all four together. Results revealed that both FMD and BSE affect negatively to beef exports prices, as well as shipments from India, that has no official FMD status and any traceability system in place. Apart from sanitary status, epidemiological events also have a negative impact on beef prices. On the other hand, the implementation of traceability systems improves prices. In this scenario, Paraguay lags behind in the adoption of emerging markets standards for traceability systems, therefore does not access most competitive markets, which pay higher prices. As such, Paraguay faces challenges to maintain and expand beef exports, especially in regards to keeping the country’s FMD free status.

This study explores hospital board governance, particularly the dimensions of accountability, transparency and civic participation, within Local Health Councils (LHCs) in two locations in rural Paraguay. The democratization and decentralization efforts of the Paraguayan federal government in the last 20 years resulted in creation of the LHCs, but little research has been conducted on how these entities are now working in comparison to the expectations envisioned for them. This study examines LHC member understanding and practices by conducting semi-structured interviews with council members in two different locations. I reviewed relevant Paraguayan law and compared LHC member responses with the legal expectations of the role of the LHC and council member responsibilities. I also reviewed several health council organizational documents, such as rules and procedures, financial statements and by-laws, with the same intent. Using interpretive social science methods, I analyzed this data in conjunction with the information I gathered through participant-observation during my Peace Corps service in one of the communities examined here. This study finds that local health councils face numerous challenges to governance, including member role confusion, few implemented planning and oversight processes, weak systems of accountability and a lack of resources and support given to LHCs, creating a great challenge to meet expectations set out for them by federal law. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning

No description available.

Call number: LD2668 .R4 1985 R64 / Master of Science