SANTOS, Walberto Silva dos; GOUVEIA, Valdiney Veloso. Explicando comportamentos socialmente desviantes: uma análise do compromisso convencional e afiliação social. 2008. 288f. - Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal da Paraíba / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de Doutorado Integrado em Psicologia Social. João Pessoa (PB), 2008. / Submitted by yan bruno (yanrich01@hotmail.com) on 2016-07-28T17:27:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_tese_wssantos.pdf: 1837104 bytes, checksum: a77056a6837691823875ca321b59ebfc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-18T11:54:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_tese_wssantos.pdf: 1837104 bytes, checksum: a77056a6837691823875ca321b59ebfc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T11:54:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_tese_wssantos.pdf: 1837104 bytes, checksum: a77056a6837691823875ca321b59ebfc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / The present thesis examines to what extent normative social values, religious commitment, authoritative styles of parental socialization, and identification with conventional groups of reference inhibits (i.e., work as protective factors) socially deviant behaviors (antisocial and delictive). Specifically, the main objective was to test the contribution of these protective factors to explain deviant behaviors, proposing an integrative model denominated of conventional commitment and social affiliation. Four empirical studies were carried out. Study 1 tested the psychometric properties of four measures used. Participants were 317 young students with mean age of 16.6 years. They answered a survey questionnaire comprising seven parts, including the Questionnaire of Antisocial and Delictive Behaviors (QADB), the Religious Beliefs Scale, the Religious Practices Scale, the Identification with Groups of Reference Scale, and demographic questions. Results suggested the adequacy of (1) reducing the QADB, (2) the factorial structure of the scales of religious beliefs and practices, and (3) the enlargement of the Identification with Groups of Reference Scale. Study 2 developed an index of religious commitment, comprising multiple indicators to achieve validity, reliability, and parsimony. In this study, participated 194 subjects identified as students or belongs to two religious groups (Catholic or Protestant), with mean age of 18.4 years. Results supported the validity and reliability of the religious commitment index. Study 3 tested the main hypotheses of this thesis, providing the first attempt for proposing the theoretical model regarding conventional commitment and social affiliation. Participated in this study 528 primary school, high school and undergraduate students, with ages ranging from 10 to 22 years (M = 15.5), most of them female (63.1%). All the hypotheses were confirmed, supporting the proposition of an explanatory model of socially deviant behaviors. In this model, normative values, authoritative style of maternal socialization, religious commitment, and identification with conventional groups of reference formed a general factor (conventional commitment and social affiliation), which correlated negatively with antisocial behaviors. These behaviors were then positively correlated with delictive ones. Finally, Study 4 replicated the conventional commitment and social affiliation model in an independent sample, considering male and female participants separately. The questionnaire was administered to 378 participants, with mean age of 15.4 years (ranging from 10 to 22 years), most of them female (59%). The analyses demonstrated the adequacy of this model: χ² (9) = 14.48, p = 0.106, χ² / df = 1.61, GFI = 0.99, AGFI = 0.99, CFI = 0.98, and RMSEA = 0.040 (CI90% = 0.000-0.077). In conclusion, the objectives of the thesis were reached, supporting the theoretical framework of the conventional commitment and social affiliation model, which allows the identification of protective factors of socially deviant behaviors. Future studies are also proposed that seek to contribute for this area of interest. / A presente tese buscou conhecer em que medida os valores sociais normativos, o compromisso religioso, o estilo de socialização parental autoritativo e a identificação com grupos convencionais de referência atuam como inibidores (fatores de proteção) de comportamentos socialmente desviantes (anti-sociais e delitivos). Procurouse, especificamente, verificar a contribuição destes construtos para explicar tais comportamentos, identificando um modelo integrador denominado de compromisso convencional e afiliação social. Neste sentido, realizaram-se quatro estudos empíricos. O Estudo 1 teve como objetivo conhecer evidências de validade fatorial e consistência interna de quatro das medidas utilizadas. Participaram 317 pessoas com idade média de 16,6 anos. Estes responderam um caderno composto por sete partes, dentre as quais o Questionário de Comportamentos Anti-sociais e Delitivos (CAD), a Escala de Crenças Religiosas, a Escala de Práticas Religiosas e a Escala de Identificação com Grupos de Referência, além de perguntas demográficas. Os resultados sugeriram a pertinência de reduzir o CAD, indicaram a adequação da estrutura fatorial das escalas de crenças e práticas religiosas e permitiram ampliar a Escala de Identificação com Grupos de Referência. O Estudo 2 pretendeu desenvolver um índice de compromisso religioso, agrupando múltiplos indicadores que atendessem aos critérios de validade, precisão e parcimônia. Neste sentido, participaram 194 estudantes e dois grupos de religiosos (Católicos e Protestantes), cuja idade média foi de 18,4 anos. Os resultados evidenciaram a confiabilidade do índice e a pertinência de utilizá-lo como medida do compromisso religioso. O Estudo 3 testou as hipóteses principais desta tese, proporcionando as primeiras aproximações para a construção do modelo teórico referente à hipótese de compromisso convencional e afiliação social. Participaram 528 estudantes dos ensinos fundamental, médio e superior, com idades variando entre 10 e 22 anos (M = 15,5), a maioria do sexo feminino (63,1%). Todas as hipóteses foram corroboradas, permitindo propor um modelo explicativo dos comportamentos socialmente desviantes. Neste, os valores normativos, o estilo parental materno denominado como autoritativo, o compromisso religioso e a identificação com grupos convencionais de referência compuseram um fator geral (compromisso convencional e afiliação social), que se correlacionou negativamente com os comportamentos anti-sociais; estes, por sua vez, correlacionaram-se diretamente com os comportamentos delitivos. Finalmente, o Estudo 4 replicou este modelo de compromisso convencional e afiliação social, considerando uma amostra independente e tratando homens e mulheres separadamente. Participaram 378 pessoas com idade média de 15,4 anos (amplitude 10 a 22 anos), a maioria do sexo feminino (59%). As análises demonstraram a adequação deste modelo: χ² (9) = 14,48, p = 0,106, χ² / gl = 1,61, GFI = 0,99, AGFI = 0,99, CFI = 0,98 e RMSEA = 0,040 (IC90% = 0,000-0,077). Concluindo, os objetivos da presente tese foram alcançados, referendando o marco teórico do compromisso convencional e afiliação social que permite identificar fatores que inibem os comportamentos socialmente desviantes. Não obstante, propuseram-se estudos futuros que visem contribuir para esta área de interesse. / La presente tesis buscó conocer en qué medida los valores sociales normativos, el compromiso religioso, el estilo parental autoritativo y la identificación con grupos convencionales de referencia actúan como inhibidores (factores de protección) de las conductas socialmente desviantes (antisociales y delictivas). Se buscó, específicamente, comprobar la contribución de éstos constructos para explicar tales conductas, identificando un modelo integrador denominado compromiso convencional y afiliación social. En este sentido, se realizaron cuatro estudios empíricos. El Estudio 1 tuvo como objetivo conocer las propiedades psicométricas de cuatro de las medidas utilizadas. Participaron 317 personas con edad promedia de 16.6 años. Estos completaron un cuaderno compuesto por siete partes, entre las cuales estaban: el Cuestionario de Conductas Antisociales y Delictivas (CAD), la Escala de Creencias Religiosas, la Escala de Prácticas Religiosas y la Escala de Identificación con Grupos de Referencia, además de ítems para la caracterización de la muestra. Los resultados indicaron que es adecuado reducir el CAD, revelaron la adecuación de la estructura factorial de las escalas de creencias y prácticas religiosas, y permitieron ampliar la Escala de Identificación con Grupos de Referencia. El Estudio 2 pretendió desarrollar un índice de compromiso religioso, agregando múltiples indicadores que atendiesen a los criterios de validez, fiabilidad y parsimonia. En este sentido, participaron 194 estudiantes y personals de dos grupos religiosos (católicos y protestantes); éstos tenían una edad promedia de 18.4 años. Los resultados evidenciaron la confiabilidad del índice y la pertinencia de utilizarlo como medida de compromiso religioso. El Estudio 3 testeó las hipótesis principales de esta tesis, proporcionando las primeras aproximaciones para la construcción del modelo teórico referente a la hipótesis del compromiso convencional y afiliación social. Participaron 528 estudiantes, con edad promedia de 15.5 años, la mayoría mujeres (63.1%). Se comprobaron todas las hipótesis, permitiendo indicar un modelo explicativo de las conductas socialmente desviantes. En este estudio, los valores normativos, el estilo parental autoritativo de la madre y la identificación con grupos convencionales de referencia compusieron un factor general (compromiso convencional y afiliación social) que se correlacionó negativamente con las conductas antisociales; éstas, por su parte, se correlacionaron directamente con las delictivas. Finalmente, el Estudio 4 replicó el test del modelo de compromiso convencional y afiliación social con una muestra distinta de hombres y mujeres separadamente. Participaron de este estudio 378 personas con edad promedia de 15.4 años (rango de 10 a 22 años), la mayoría mujeres (59%). Los análisis comprobaron su adecuación: χ² (9) = 14.48, p = 0.106, χ² / gl = 1.61, GFI = 0.99, AGFI = 0.99, CFI = 0.98 y RMSEA = 0.040 (IC90% = 0.000-0.077). Concluyendo, los objetivos de la presente tesis fueron alcanzados, dando soporte al marco teórico del compromiso convencional y afiliación social que permite identificar factores que inhiben las conductas socialmente desviantes. No obstante, se han propuestas investigaciones futuras que contribuirán para este área de interés.

This thesis aims to investigate the influence of parental styles on an adolescent's ability to access and receive sexual health services, regardless of the existing policies that may or may not require parental consent. Through stratified sampling, participants who lived in different parts of Sweden during their adolescence were interviewed. The Parental Power Assertion theory has been used to identify the parental styles used by the interviewees’ parents under their adolescence. Additionally, the Self-Determination Theory has been used to determine their level of autonomy during their adolescence. The data collected indicated that parenting styles have a significant impact on an adolescent's autonomy, particularly in relation to their sexual health decisions. The findings show that parental styles play an important role in shaping an adolescent's autonomy in making their own sexual health decisions.

Text in Afrikaans / Teen die agtergrond van toenemende gewelddadige gedrag binne die konteks van verskillende bevolkingsgroepe en gemeenskappe, is reeds ·heelwat navorsing ten opsigte van die aard en oorsake van aggressiewe gedrag onderneem. Aggressiwiteit as vorm van afwykende gedrag is nog nooit deur die onderskeie gemeenskappe in die Republiek van Suid-Afrika aanvaar nie. Die oorsake van aggressiwiteit word deur verskillende navorsers vanuit wydverspreide ooghoeke benader. Hoewel fisiologiese oorsake van aggressiewe gedrag nie deur die skrywer ontken word nie, word in hierdie studie die volwasse mens as verantwoordelike en verantwoordbare wese se motivering vir aggressiewe gedrag van naderby beskou. 'n Weldeurdagte literatuurstudie oor aggressiwiteit sowel as die basiese hunkeringe van die mens in die kontemporer-moderne wereld, het aan die lig gebring dat mense verskillend optree al sou hulle aan dieselfde samelewingseise blootgestel word. Ervaringsreste, veral ten opsigte van pedagogiese verhoudings, blyk 'n groat rol in die vorming van die selfbeeld sowel as belewing en hantering van krisissituasies te speel. Die mens staan nooit alleen in die wereld nie, maar is voortdurend in 'n verhouding betrokke. Die noodwendigheid van verhoudings raak horn as sosiale wese, en is ten nouste gekoppel aan belewing en beagting van die self. Defhalwe word die ervaring van verhoudings uit veral die kinderdae, of te wel pedagogiese verhoudings, as van deurslaggewende belang by die vorming van die selfbeeld beskou. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie is geverifieer by wyse van 'n idiografiese ondersoek. Gevangenes wat aggressiewe misdade gepleeg het, is op vrywillige basis by die navorsing betrek. Na aanleiding van genoemde bevindings is dit nodig geag om 'n gestandaardiseerde vraelys vir die meting van elkeen se selfbeeldstand in te skakel. Aanbevelings is geformuleer nadat insig uit navorsingsresultate ten aansien van die interafhanklikheid van pedagogiese verhoudings, selfbeeldvorming en aggressiwiteit, verkry is. Hierdie aanbevelings is veral gerig op steungewende, terapeutiese begeleiding van die aggressiewe oortreder sodat hy vaardighede kan aanleer waar~olgens hy lewenskrisisse kan begryp en hanteer. / Extensive research has already been undertaken in respect of the nature of aggression against the background of increasingly violent behaviour within different population groups and communities. Aggression as a form of deviant behaviour has never been accepted by the various communities in the Republic of South Africa. Researchers have investigated the causes of aggression from a wide range of perspectives. Although the author does not deny the existence of physiological causes of aggressive behaviour, this research focuses on the motivation for aggressive behaviour in the adult as responsible and accountable being. A thorough study of the literature concerning aggression as well as, the basic yearnings of man in the contemporary modern world, revealed a diversity in human behaviour even when people were confronted with the identical demands of society. Past experience, especially in connection with pedagogic relations, appears to have an important impact on not only the formation of the self-image but also how people experience and cope with crisis situations. Man is never in the world in isolation but is continuously involved in relationships. This essentiality of relationships affects him as a social being and is intimately a,ssociated with the experiencing and evaluation of the self. Experiences with relationships, especially in childhood, that is pedagogic relationships, are therefore, of cardinal importance in self-image formation. The findings of this research were verified by means of ideographic studies. Prisoners who had perpetrated violent crimes were included in this research on a voluntary basis. In accordance with the findings it was considered necessary to incorporate a standardized questionnaire to measure the state of the self-image of each prisoner. Recommendations were formulated after obtaining insight arising from research findings which focussed on the interdependence of pedagogic relationships, self-image formation and aggression. These recommendations are mainly directed at the supportive therapeutic guidance of the aggressive transgressor in order that he may acquire skills to understand and cope with the crises of life. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Filosofie van die Opvoeding)

Text in Afrikaans / Teen die agtergrond van toenemende gewelddadige gedrag binne die konteks van verskillende bevolkingsgroepe en gemeenskappe, is reeds ·heelwat navorsing ten opsigte van die aard en oorsake van aggressiewe gedrag onderneem. Aggressiwiteit as vorm van afwykende gedrag is nog nooit deur die onderskeie gemeenskappe in die Republiek van Suid-Afrika aanvaar nie. Die oorsake van aggressiwiteit word deur verskillende navorsers vanuit wydverspreide ooghoeke benader. Hoewel fisiologiese oorsake van aggressiewe gedrag nie deur die skrywer ontken word nie, word in hierdie studie die volwasse mens as verantwoordelike en verantwoordbare wese se motivering vir aggressiewe gedrag van naderby beskou. 'n Weldeurdagte literatuurstudie oor aggressiwiteit sowel as die basiese hunkeringe van die mens in die kontemporer-moderne wereld, het aan die lig gebring dat mense verskillend optree al sou hulle aan dieselfde samelewingseise blootgestel word. Ervaringsreste, veral ten opsigte van pedagogiese verhoudings, blyk 'n groat rol in die vorming van die selfbeeld sowel as belewing en hantering van krisissituasies te speel. Die mens staan nooit alleen in die wereld nie, maar is voortdurend in 'n verhouding betrokke. Die noodwendigheid van verhoudings raak horn as sosiale wese, en is ten nouste gekoppel aan belewing en beagting van die self. Defhalwe word die ervaring van verhoudings uit veral die kinderdae, of te wel pedagogiese verhoudings, as van deurslaggewende belang by die vorming van die selfbeeld beskou. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie is geverifieer by wyse van 'n idiografiese ondersoek. Gevangenes wat aggressiewe misdade gepleeg het, is op vrywillige basis by die navorsing betrek. Na aanleiding van genoemde bevindings is dit nodig geag om 'n gestandaardiseerde vraelys vir die meting van elkeen se selfbeeldstand in te skakel. Aanbevelings is geformuleer nadat insig uit navorsingsresultate ten aansien van die interafhanklikheid van pedagogiese verhoudings, selfbeeldvorming en aggressiwiteit, verkry is. Hierdie aanbevelings is veral gerig op steungewende, terapeutiese begeleiding van die aggressiewe oortreder sodat hy vaardighede kan aanleer waar~olgens hy lewenskrisisse kan begryp en hanteer. / Extensive research has already been undertaken in respect of the nature of aggression against the background of increasingly violent behaviour within different population groups and communities. Aggression as a form of deviant behaviour has never been accepted by the various communities in the Republic of South Africa. Researchers have investigated the causes of aggression from a wide range of perspectives. Although the author does not deny the existence of physiological causes of aggressive behaviour, this research focuses on the motivation for aggressive behaviour in the adult as responsible and accountable being. A thorough study of the literature concerning aggression as well as, the basic yearnings of man in the contemporary modern world, revealed a diversity in human behaviour even when people were confronted with the identical demands of society. Past experience, especially in connection with pedagogic relations, appears to have an important impact on not only the formation of the self-image but also how people experience and cope with crisis situations. Man is never in the world in isolation but is continuously involved in relationships. This essentiality of relationships affects him as a social being and is intimately a,ssociated with the experiencing and evaluation of the self. Experiences with relationships, especially in childhood, that is pedagogic relationships, are therefore, of cardinal importance in self-image formation. The findings of this research were verified by means of ideographic studies. Prisoners who had perpetrated violent crimes were included in this research on a voluntary basis. In accordance with the findings it was considered necessary to incorporate a standardized questionnaire to measure the state of the self-image of each prisoner. Recommendations were formulated after obtaining insight arising from research findings which focussed on the interdependence of pedagogic relationships, self-image formation and aggression. These recommendations are mainly directed at the supportive therapeutic guidance of the aggressive transgressor in order that he may acquire skills to understand and cope with the crises of life. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Filosofie van die Opvoeding)

The main aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between parenting styles, as used by the pre-school parent and the social behaviour of the five-year old. Specific attention was given to three main parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian and permissive. The eight developmental perspectives applicable for the five-year old were also discussed. The research was conducted according to the quantitative approach. The Parental Styles Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) was completed and returned by a sample of 30 parents (N=30) from Evergreen Pre-primary in Gauteng. The representative sample of five-year olds being observed by the teacher were 24 pupils (N=24). The teacher rated the five-year olds' behaviour using the Behavioural Questionnaire (BQ). These results indicated primarily that the Authoritative Parenting Style was most used by the parents of the five-year old group and that this Parenting Style tends to lead to more acceptable social behaviour among the five-year olds. / Social Work / M. Diac.(Play Therapy)

The main aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between parenting styles, as used by the pre-school parent and the social behaviour of the five-year old. Specific attention was given to three main parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian and permissive. The eight developmental perspectives applicable for the five-year old were also discussed. The research was conducted according to the quantitative approach. The Parental Styles Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) was completed and returned by a sample of 30 parents (N=30) from Evergreen Pre-primary in Gauteng. The representative sample of five-year olds being observed by the teacher were 24 pupils (N=24). The teacher rated the five-year olds' behaviour using the Behavioural Questionnaire (BQ). These results indicated primarily that the Authoritative Parenting Style was most used by the parents of the five-year old group and that this Parenting Style tends to lead to more acceptable social behaviour among the five-year olds. / Social Work / M. Diac.(Play Therapy)