Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-07-08T18:12:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunaRobertaLand.pdf: 215355 bytes, checksum: a89a641acf65c0cc0a299d44b8a55300 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-08T18:12:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunaRobertaLand.pdf: 215355 bytes, checksum: a89a641acf65c0cc0a299d44b8a55300 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Nenhuma / Este trabalho se propôs a estudar e investigar o processo de bullying, sóciocognições e estilos parentais de 221 crianças de 09 a 14 anos, regularmente matriculadas em duas escolas públicas da cidade de Novo Hamburgo, RS. Os participantes responderam a uma escala sobre sua percepção acerca dos estilos parentais e outra que investigava atribuições causais (sócio-cognições) relacionadas aos relacionamentos interpessoais no contexto escolar. Também tiveram que eleger colegas que julgassem agressivos, agressores no bullying, pró-sociais, vitimizados (bullying) e isoladas ativamente a partir de uma escala com afirmações acerca de condutas típicas destes grupos. A partir destes dados, levantaram-se as frequências com que as crianças foram referidas pelos seus colegas e amostra foi dividida em quatro grupos de crianças (Agressores, Socialização, Isolado e Vitimazação). As correlações entre variáveis mostram que as subescala Agressividade está correlacionada positivamente com as subescalas de Vitimização e Socialização. Este dado significa que crianças agressivas são percebidas como sociáveis, porém também podem tornar-se vítimas do bullying. A subescala de Isolamento está correlacionada positivamente com a subescala Vitimização, o que mostra que ser vítima aumenta o isolamento social e reforça assim os papéis do bullying. Testes T de Student calculados mostram que a agressividade foi maior entre as meninas do que entre os meninos, indo de encontro à literatura existente. Quanto aos Estilos Parentais, quando percebidos como positivos pelas crianças estão também associados a comportamentos de socialização e menos chance destes jovens tornarem-se vítimas de bullying, corroborando a literatura existente. Foram encontradas correlações positivas entre sócio-cognições e estilos parentais. Este dado demonstra que os pais participam ativamente da formação das crenças e cognições de seus filhos, positivamente ou negativamente. Esses dados podem ajudar a pensar em políticas públicas para o enfrentamento e prevenção ao bullying, como no trabalho em clínicas particulares, enfatizando o trabalho com as famílias de vítimas e agressores desta violência.

abstract: The field of developmental psychology often underrepresents Latinx individuals within their corpus of published scholarship. In the area of lifespan identity development this is particularly evident from the scarcity of Latinx life story narratives. In addition, Latinx family parenting styles is an underdeveloped area of scholarship. At the same time, a robust literature base demonstrates that for youth from non-dominant culture families, ethnic racial identity increases measures of adaptive well-being and academic achievement. Because academic achievement for Latinx students does not proportionately reach levels of educational success as compared to whites, research investigating foundations of ethnic racial identity within Latinx families is warranted. This investigation extends parenting style literature within the field of developmental psychology by exploring inter-generational practices of Latinx families. Participants within this study include mothers of Mexican descent who have earned at least one Master's degree, a level of high academic achievement attained by only 10 percent of adults within the U.S. Each Latina mother, ranging in age from 36 to 63 years, participated in two or more semi-structured interviews. Protocols were based on McAdams's life story interview; McAdams's life story narrative analysis, based upon Erikson's lifespan theory of identity development, provided a model of analysis. In addition, transcripts of participant interviews, totaling more than twelve hours, were analyzed according to themes of parenting styles and family socialization practices. Familial ethnic socialization was embedded within routines and practices of mothers' families of orientation. Mothers employed a concerted cultivation parenting style within their families of procreation. In alignment with McAdams's framework, mothers narrated life stories in a redemptive manner. In other words, a negative life event was conveyed as having a positive outcome. Implications from my study inform scholars and can offer usable information for parent and teacher education by means of contextualized family activities and parental practices gleaned from participants' life story narratives. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Educational Psychology 2018

High self-compassion has been shown to provide many benefits for overall well-being. Some studies have suggested that the environment in which an individual grew up could have some effect on this trait in adulthood. The present research examined the relationship between the parenting style with which an individual was raised and their later adulthood self-compassion and compassion for others. It was hypothesized that the responsiveness of the parent would be directly related to the way that an individual learns to respond to themselves and others. Authoritative parenting style was expected to be related to higher self-compassion and compassion for others as it is characterized by parents who respond positively to their child. Authoritarian parenting was expected to be related to lower levels of each construct as it is characterized by negative responses to the child’s actions. It was found that both authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles are associated with higher levels of self-compassion. The two parenting styles considered to negatively affect children raised in the style, authoritarian and permissive, were found to be related to higher levels of compassion for others. Future research directions for the relationship are discussed.

Callous and Unemotional (CU) traits are a relatively recent addition to the existing body of research examining the development of severe behavioural problems in children, and antisocial behaviour in adults. Children who are high in CU traits display shallow emotions, manipulate other children, lie easily, and demonstrate very little remorse or guilt. Additionally, they are more likely to engage in more severe forms of antisocial behaviour, more often, and from a younger age than their peers. Research has found that CU traits moderate the well-established relationship between parenting and conduct problems. That is, children who are high in CU traits seem to display levels of behaviour problems that are unrelated to the quality or type of parenting they receive. This has serious implications when one considers that the most effective psychosocial treatments available for behavioural disorders are based upon improving parenting, and would therefore require significant modification for children high in CU traits. In addition, the research exploring the moderating role of CU traits in the relationship between parenting and conduct problems has not taken a developmental perspective and considered different ages of children. Finally, existing research has not considered the reciprocal relationship that CU traits have upon parenting behaviour, or the direct relationship between parenting and CU traits. The present study has addressed these limitations by utilizing an accelerated longitudinal methodology. The present study recruited 449 grades one, three and five children from six public primary schools. Questionnaires assessing conduct problems, CU traits, and parenting styles were administered to their parents for completion. Additionally, teacher report was also sought on a number of key variables to ensure validity. One year later, all of these children and their families were re-approached to assess the extent to which each of these variables had changed over time. One year later 233 (51.89%) of the original sample completed the same measures allowing examination of the change in these variables over time. Given the relatively short time period, it was expected that one of the best predictors of any of the key variables at time 2, would be baseline scores measured at time 1. For this reason, hierarchical regression was used to control for temporal stability, as well as demographic factors. Additionally, the hypothesis that a different pattern of relationships would emerge for children of different ages was tested by examining the moderating effect of age upon all predictive relationships. This was done by entering the product of age and the predictor variable(s) as the final step of the regression analyses, and then conducting simple slopes analysis on all significant predictive interactions. Three distinct findings emerged from these analyses. Firstly, age moderates the effect of CU traits on the relationship between parenting styles and conduct problems. Behaviour problems in younger children are better predicted by parenting behaviours and by CU traits than in older children. Secondly, both CU traits and conduct problems were predictive of worsening parental behaviour. Once again, this was particularly evident in younger children. Finally, inconsistent parenting, and corporal punishment were found to be predictive of CU traits. These findings are discussed from a developmental perspective in the context of Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological model.

THE PREDICTORS OF RELATIONSHIP COMMITMENT: PERCEIVED PARENTING STYLE, PARENTAL APPROVAL, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTANCE BeSikci, Ezgi M.S., Department of Psychology Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Nuray Sakalli-Ugurlu September 2008, 81 pages The main objective of the current thesis was to investigate the association between parental approval and romantic relationship commitment, and the roles of parenting style dimensions and psychological reactance in this association. Sample of the current study consisted of 166 METU students who had ongoing romantic relationships. An integrated model icluding associations between parenting style dimensions, parental approval, psychological reactance and relationship commitment was tested with LISREL 8. Since structural equation modeling did not provide results as informative as expected, the proposed model was examined as two seperate models. In the first model, the role of parental approval in the link between parenting style dimensions and relationship commitment was examined. In the second model, the role of psychological reactance in the link between parental approval and relationship commitment was examined. The results revealed that maternal acceptance had an indirect effect on relationship commitment via parental approval. In particular, increases in maternal acceptance led to increases in parental approval, which in turn led to increases in relationship commitment However, there was no significant finding regarding the impact of psychological reactance on the link between parental approval and relationship commitment. This thesis aims to make its own contribution to the literature by scrutinizing a) the association between parental approval and relationship commitment, and b) the role of parenting style dimensions in this association. Keywords: Relationship Commitment, Parental Approval, Perceived Parenting Styles, Psychological Reactance

The purpose of the current study was to examine the path of perceived parenting styles, emotion recognition, emotion regulation, and psychological well-being in terms of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and social anxiety symptoms consequently. For the purpose of this study 530 adults (402 female, 128 male) between the ages of 18 and 36 (M = 22.09, SD = 2.78) participated in the current study. The data was collected by a questionnaire battery including a Demographic Category Sheet, Short-EMBU (Egna Minnen Betraffande Uppfostran- My Memories of Upbringing), &ldquo / Reading the Mind in the Eyes&rdquo / Test (Revised), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Emotion Regulation Processes, Beck Depression Inventory, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory, White Bear Suppression Inventory, Thought-Action Fusion Scale, and Emotional Approach Coping Scale. The psychometric properties of Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Emotion Regulation Processes were investigated and found to have good validity and reliability characteristics. The three sets of hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to reveal the significant associates of psychological well-being. As expected, the results of the current study revealed that perceived parenting styles, different emotion regulation strategies and processes had associated with psychological well-being in terms of depression, obsessivecompulsive disorder and social anxiety symptoms. The findings, and their implications with suggestions for future research and practice, were discussed in the light of relevant literature.

Tyrimo tikslas - nustatyti paauglių (10-11 klasių) menkavertiškumo jausmo ir agresyvaus elgesio sąsajas su tėvų taikomais auklėjimo stiliais. Tyrime dalyvavo 240 aukštesniųjų klasių mokinių (134 merginos ir 106 vaikinai). Tiriamųjų amžiaus vidurkis 17,27. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas Kauno rajono Babtų gimnazijoje ir Kaišiadorių Algirdo Brazausko vidurinėje mokykloje. Tyrimas atliktas taikant EMBU klausimyną (EMBU: Egna Minnen Betraffande Uppfostran, Arrindell, 1999; Arrindell et al., 1994), Lyginamojo menkavertiškumo jausmo indeksą (ang. Comparative Feeling of inferiority index. aut. Strano, Dixon, 1990), bei A. Buss ir A. Durkey metodiką (1957). Atlikus duomenų analizę nustatyta, kad menkavertiškumo jausmas ir agresyvus elgesys nėra susijęs su lytimi. Taip pat nenustatyta, kad paaugliai, kurie turi išreikštą menkavertiškumo jausmą pasižymi agresyviu elgesiu. Nustatyta, kad paaugliai vaikinai, kurie mamos auklėjimo stilių suvokia kaip atstūmimo ir perdėtos globos, pasižymi mažesniu menkavertiškumo jausmu. Merginos, kurios suvokia tėvų auklėjimo stilių kaip emocinės šilumos, turi labiau išreikštą menkavertiškumo jausmą. Vaikinai, pasižymintys mažesniu agresyviu elgesiu, yra linkę tėvo auklėjimo stilių suvokti kaip perdėtos globos. Paauglės merginos, kurios suvokia motinos auklėjantį stilių kaip atstumiantį ir perdėtos globos, pasižymi mažesniu agresyviu elgesiu. Paauglių merginų suvokiamas tėvo emocinės šilumos auklėjimo stilius, susijęs su didesniu agresyviu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the thesis is to find a connection between the inferiority and aggressiveness of adolescents (forms 10-11) and the applied parenting styles. 240 students of senior forms (134 girls and 106 boys) took part in the research. The average age of the students under research is 17.27. The research was conducted at Kaunas Region Babtai Gymnasium and Kaišiadoriai Algirdas Brazauskas Middle School. The research was carried out by means of EMBU Questionnaire (EMBU: Egna Minnen Betraffande Uppfostran, Arrindell, 1999; Arrindell et al, 1994), Comparative Feeling of Inferiority Index, authors Strano, Dixon, 1990) and A. Buss - A. Durkee method (1957). It was established after the data analysis that the inferiority and aggressiveness are not connected with the sex. It was also found out that the adolescents with a pronounced inferiority are not marked by aggressiveness. It was established that with the youngsters boys who perceive their mothers’ style of rearing as parental rejection and overprotection have the less pronounced inferiority. The inferiority is more clearly pronounced with the girls, who take the parenting styles as emotional warmth. The boys marked by lesser aggressiveness are inclined to perceive their fathers’ style of rearing as overprotection. The girls perceiving their mothers’ style of rearing as parental rejection and overprotection are marked by lesser aggressiveness. The girls who take the style of rearing of their fathers as emotional warmth are marked by... [to full text]

La tesi esamina le principali rappresentazioni della sofferenza infantile nella società contemporanea, con un affondo sul tema della malattia oncologica che coinvolge un bambino e la sua famiglia. L’indagine si propone di offrire ai genitori la possibilità di esprimersi in merito alle modificazioni dei propri stili educativi che la malattia e l’ospedalizzazione comportano. L’idea consiste nel dedicare ai genitori del tempo per offrire loro uno spazio di pensiero in merito alle modificazioni avvenute negli equilibri familiari e supportarli nell’individuare una nuova progettualità familiare. Accompagnare i genitori ad assumere consapevolezza del cambiamento personale e della coppia genitoriale verificatosi durante la degenza ospedaliera del figlio significa anche aiutarli a identificare nuove modalità di interazione con i figli, sulla scorta dei significati dell’esperienza attraversata. Significa inoltre aiutare gli operatori sanitari a percepire i genitori come persone competenti nella gestione educativa del figlio e pertanto a migliorare costantemente la presa in carico non solo del bambino, ma anche della sua famiglia. L’indagine in generale, la flessibilità degli strumenti in particolare, ha permesso di raggiungere gli obiettivi prefissati. / The purpose of this research is to examine the nature of the experiences of parents of children with cancer. In fact, childhood cancer is a potentially life-changing experience for mothers and fathers. Overall, the research move in terms of theoretical reflection and empirical research. The study explore the main representations of the suffering of children in contemporary society, with special attention to the suffering due to oncological disease. Also, the research explore the influences of the hospital context on the members of the family, intending only not the physical environment, but also the figures of various kind that are daily reported with their. The investigation in general, the flexibility of the tools in particular, has allowed the parents to comment on the changes of their educational styles that illness and hospitalization cause.

While Facebook is primarily used as a means to communicate with friends, it may serve as a distractor from study. Laptops and tablets with Internet access are almost ubiquitous among primary, secondary and tertiary students in New Zealand. Research on the effects of Facebook use on students’ academic achievement appears inconclusive and there was no New Zealand based research to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Facebook use, self-discipline and parenting styles on academic achievement through an online study. High school (n = 106) and university students (n = 211) and their parents were recruited from a variety of locations around New Zealand. Facebook use only affected academic achievement for high school students and the strength of the relationship between Facebook use and academic outcomes was weak. Furthermore, the regression model found that overall Facebook use did not predict academic achievement. It is argued that Facebook use does not directly affect academic grades of students as it is an amalgamation of behaviours and/or the expression of traits (e.g., low self-discipline) that lead to non-task related activities. Self-discipline and parenting style, on the other hand, were the strongest predictors of academic achievement. High school and university students who were more able to manage distractions and procrastinating activities had higher grade point average (GPA) scores and overall pass rates. Students with authoritative parents were more likely to achieve high academic grades. In contrast, students whose parents had a permissive parenting style were at high risk of low academic achievement. Teaching students to delay an immediate reward in order to achieve a long-term goal is an important skill that needs to be socialised early in life as it is a pathway to better academic outcomes. While the study does not support the idea that Facebook has a direct effect on academic outcomes, further studies on other social networking sites are needed for replication.

The composition of society is rapidly changing as the elderly population is increasing dramatically. In South Africa, black grandmothers play an important role in intergenerational relationships as they take on the responsibility of caring for their young grandchildren because of HIV/Aids, migration of the parents or other economic difficulties. As the grandmothers and the children are raised in different time–periods, it can be difficult for them to understand one another. Since healthy relationships with older persons in the early years lead to secure attachments, the relationship between grandmother and grandchild holds serious implications for the development and view of the world of the child. Research of this nature can help to develop healthy connections with a younger generation which again can help older adults to feel a greater sense of fulfilment. In fact, linking older adults with youth can provide advantages for both generations to thrive as people. Understanding the developmental life tasks and cognitive development of the generations can also assist to effectively deal with different perspectives of the interactions and communication processes between grandmothers and their grandchildren, thus helping both generations to thrive as people. Healthy interaction between grandmothers and grandchildren are guided by clear structure, which means that grandmothers can provide a trustworthy and predictable interpersonal environment to assist their grandchildren to define and clarify their experiences, whislt nurturance implies that grandmothers are warm, tender, soothing, calming, and comforting. When engaging with the grandchildren, one can say that grandmothers provide excitement, surprise and stimulation and simultaneously challenge the children which means that grandmothers encourage grandchildren to expand their behavioural repertoire and become more independent. Grandmother ? grandchildren interactions are informed by specific parenting styles which are referred to as a group of attitudes toward children that create an emotional climate in which the intergenerational relationships between the two generations are expressed. The manner, therefore in which grandmothers and grandchildren communicate with each other, as well as the content of the conversations, help to shed light on the nature of the relationship between the two generations. This research aims to gain a better understanding as well as different perspectives of the interactions and communication processes between grandmothers and their grandchildren. A convenience sample was employed to obtain 17 grandparents between 71 and 96 years and older, and their grandchildren in their care, boys and girls between ages 4 and 13 years old. The criterion was the availability of participants on the specific day of data gathering. The intergenerational reflective listening technique (IGRT) was used for data gathering while both generations are present. In terms of the IGRT, the researcher requested the children to sit in an inner circle and answer questions about the important places that their grandmothers tell them about. The researcher also explored the manner in which this information was communicated to the children. As the study involved older persons and very young children, special attention was paid to ethical considerations. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the North–West University, Potchefstroom Campus, as part of a larger project, being: “An exploration of enabling contexts (05K14).” The main finding of the study is that type of information which is transferred from the grandmother to the younger generation is educational in nature with instrumental support as a sign of love and care. The grandmothers teach the children norms, values and life principles. During the younger age, children conform to the teachings of the grandmothers, which evoke feelings of pride and appreciation from the grandmothers. This confirms solidarity in the relationship. On the other hand, the same relational definition does not apply to the young adults and the grandmothers explained their strained relationship with the young adults as out of their control. It is also clear that the way the two generations display love and affection are instrumental in nature. Although the IGRT is considered as an effective method of collecting data of this nature, the limited time available for this study resulted in the collecting of only one data set. One of the recommendations is further study with more than one group of participants. This includes grandmothers with young grandchildren as well as grandmothers with younger adults. / Thesis (M.A. (Research Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.