Trier, Univ., Diss., 2002.

No description available.

No description available.

La parole silencieuse ou murmurée est définie comme la production articulée de sons, avec très peu de vibration des cordes vocales dans le cas du chuchotement, et aucune vibration dans le cas du murmure, produite par les mouvements et les interactions des organes de la parole tels que la langue, le voile du palais, les lèvres, etc., dans le but d'éviter d'être entendue par plusieurs personnes. La parole silencieuse ou murmurée est utilisée généralement pour la communication privée et confidentielle ou peut être employée par les personnes présentant un handicap laryngé et qui ne peuvent pas parler normalement. Cependant, il est difficile d'employer directement la parole silencieuse (murmurée) pour la communication face à face ou avec un téléphone portable parce que le contenu linguistique et l'information paralinguistique dans le message prononcé sont dégradés fortement quand le locuteur murmure ou chuchote. Une piste récente de recherche est donc celle de la conversion de la parole silencieuse (ou murmurée) en voix claire afin d'avoir une voix plus intelligible et plus naturelle. Avec une telle conversion, des applications potentielles telles que la téléphonie silencieuse " ou des systèmes d'aides robustes pour les handicaps laryngés deviendraient envisageables. Notre travail dans cette thèse se concentre donc sur cette piste.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects crisis counseling had upon inmate's attitudes, who were granted or denied parole, as measured by a specifically designed semantic differential scale, immediately following their appearance before the May 1970 Indiana State Parole Board.Subjects for the study were one hundred and two inmates at the Indiana Reformatory located in Pendleton, Indiana. They were selected on the basis of two primary criteria: eligibility for a hearing before the Parole Board and a willingness to participate in the research project.The six semantic differential scale concepts used in the study were unanimously agreed upon by representatives of the Indiana State Department of Corrections-Treatment Division, the Superintendent of the Reformatory, and the Reformatory Psychologist. The following six concepts were determined to be the most significant affecting the treatment and rehabilitation process of inmates: (1) myself, (2) other inmates, (3) reformatory staff, (4) parole board members, (5) parole process, and (6) the reformatory.The semantic differential, constructed as prescribed by Osgood, et al., (1957, pp. 77-81), was used to measure the attitudes of the inmate subjects toward the six identified concepts.The subjects in the two experimental groups, those granted and denied parole, participated in a thirty minute crisis counseling session with a male doctoral intern from Ball State University after appearing before the parole board. The control groups, those granted and denied parole appeared before the board, but did not receive crisis counseling.The semantic differential scale was given forty-eight hours prior to the inmates' meeting the parole board, and within one hour after meeting the parole board and undergoing crisis counseling depending upon group assignment. All pre- and posttests were administered by qualified psychometrists. Effort was made to avoid identifying anyone who participated in the study. As soon as the process of completing the instruments was completed, they were carefully analyzed.Analysis of the data indicated that the inmates who experienced crisis counseling, when compared to the control group who received no crisis counseling, made no significant positive gains in their attitude toward the six selected concepts. Therefore, it was concluded that thirty minutes of crisis counseling had a limited effect upon attitudes of inmates who participated in the counseling sessions.Although some of the regression of the scores may be accounted for by error in the measuring instrument, it is possible that the general reformatory environment or climate had some negative effects on the attitudes of the confined men. It is also possible that meeting the parole board would produce either positive or negative effects that might override the short session crisis counseling.A multiple linear regression analysis was computed to determine the significance of the relationship between the semantic differential scores and the action taken by the parole board. o significant regression appeared.To determine if attitudes changed between the pre-and posttest measures as a result of being granted or denied parole, an analysis of variance was performed. The analysis of variance indicated that for the inmates denied parole their attitudes remained relatively stable. Significant improvement was shown for those inmates granted parole.To determine if crisis counseling had an effect on the attitudes of inmates after meeting the parole board, an analysis of covariance was computed statistically controlling for pretest responses. No significant differences were found between the crisis counseling and no crisis counseling groups. However, attitudes significantly improved for those inmates granted parole.The results and many questions stimulated by this investigation indicated many areas that might warrant further research.

No description available.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

In a wide range of counselling situations, including those involving offenders, researchers have bemoaned the lack of consensus about outcome. Some researchers have argued that a lack of consensus is due to the fact that the different sources retain unique points of view, which can never be amalgamated into a common outcome. The current paper argues that, while sources will have their own unique perspective, it is possible to develop a meaningful consensus, if it is done very carefully. The factors which need to be taken into consideration are: measuring different outcomes; the different interpretation of the question by each source; and bias. An important outcome in correctional settings is an offender's current level of criminality, or likelihood of reoffending. It was hypothesised that the 12 Probation and Parole Officers' predictions about the likelihood of recidivism of 368 offenders would correlate with fresh charges recorded within 12 months by the Magistrates Court. This hypothesis was supported. It was also hypothesised that the Level of Service Inventory - Revised (LSI-R) would also correlate with fresh charges and that the former correlation would be different to the latter. While the LSI-R did correlate significantly with fresh charges, the predictions of the Probation and Parole Officers were not significantly different. The use of correlation coefficients to assess predictive validity has been criticised as they are affected by base rates of offending and selection ratios of offenders to high and low risk categories. However when a more appropriate statistical tool, the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC) was employed, the results were not substantially different. The predictive abilities of offenders was also tested against the same criterion and Intersource Agreement on the Prediction Recidivism were found sorely wanting, failing to correlate with fresh charges or any of the other predictive measures. It is argued that the offenders failed to predict accurately because of bias and/or poor ability to predict their own behaviour. The ability of the Probation and Parole Officers to predict reoffending to a much greater level than usually recorded in the criminological literature was ascribed to the higher level of information about their own predictive abilities, through a natural feedback mechanism which does not usually apply to professionals making clinical predictions about recidivism, and to training in predictors of reoffending which they received when they were trained in the administration of the LSI-R. It was also found that the ability of the LSI-R to predict recidivism was improved by incorporating offender age through linear regression. Suggestions were made for improving consensus among sources in counselling outcome studies. In particular, it was noted that sources do not necessarily interpret the question in the manner the researcher desires and it may be necessary to test the subjects' ability to distinguish between similar questions when this distinction is important.

Thèse: Parole – Sexualité – Discours Francisco Juan José Viola Résumé L'origine de cette étude se fonde sur la contradiction éprouvée devant la complexité de la sexualité vécue, qui interpelle tout intervenant dans la pratique médicale; une pratique qui, dans son approche spécifique de la sexualité, persiste à dominer l'espace d'intervention où la dimension du vécu reste essentiellement excentrique. Or, la réalité à laquelle nous a confronté la pratique médicale, exige très clairement une approche de la sexualité prenant la mesure de la complexité de cet objet d'étude très particulier. Une formation poursuivie dans le domaine de la sexualité à l'Institut d'études de la famille et de la sexualité (PSP/UCL) a davantage encore mis en évidence la dérive constante qui pousse vers la réduction primordiale de la sexualité aux fonctions génitales. Dès l'instant où le débat devait donner lieu à une prise de position factuelle, la nécessité s'accroît de maintenir au cœur de l'efficacité voulue l'espace de l'expression subjective. Partant dès lors d'une réflexion théorique sur les structures fondamentales de la sexualité, s'est imposée une nécessaire investigation complémentaire du terrain d'où avait surgi la question essentielle concernant l'approche globale de la sexualité. C'est ainsi que la situation particulière à Tucuman, en Argentine, des femmes adultes ayant fait l'expérience du viol et qui sont confrontées ensuite aux discours dominants, médical et juridique, s'est proposée comme un révélateur aidant à vérifier l'opportunité d'un nouveau paradigme en matière d'étude et d'intervention thérapeutique. Quelle analyse pourrait-elle rendre à un tel vécu, soit à une telle réalité purement subjective, ce reste de prise en compte, qui est négligé dans l'intervention thérapeutique subséquente à l'expérience d'un viol, quand celle-la se fractionne en autant de discours que de disciplines, qui se succèdent, en sus, dans un espace-temps morcelé? Notre analyse tend à dégager les arguments du paradigme manquant, en mettant à jour les facteurs déterminant l'exclusion des paroles du vécu, dans la suite d'intervention donnée au viol d'une femme d'âge adulte, qui, pour nous, est à voir comme paradigmatique pour l'étude de la sexualité. Notre hypothèse se structure du fait que la confrontation première des victimes aux intervenants médicaux, puis judiciaires, tend à assurer prévention de la parole des victimes sous la prédominance des discours d'intervention, restant axés sur la seule objectivation de la situation. Nous sommes ainsi dans l'attente de la possibilité d'émergence des paroles du vécu subjectif qui, d'évidence, nécessite l'élaboration d'un paradigme d'approche globale, dont la nouveauté serait représentée provisoirement par un néologisme: la sexualogie. Le profil du nouveau paradigme a pu se préciser. Il devrait pouvoir répondre aux deux limitations rencontrées : d'une part, cette métonymie qui prend la partie (génitalité) pour le tout (sexualité), et d'autre part, le réductionnisme disciplinaire qui reste opérant, quelquefois même sous les traits de la multi ou de la pluridisciplinarité. A l'issue de ce travail nous avons dégagé la transdisciplinarité comme élément essentiel de réponse au questionnement concernant le vécu de la sexualité et nous avons pu avancer des pistes pour orienter les discussions futures ainsi que les mises à l'épreuve ultérieures d'une proposition de paradigme enrichi.