A perseguição política decorrente da ditadura militar, principalmente entre 1964 e 1979 no Brasil, obrigou muitos ativistas políticos a buscar exílio em terras estrangeiras. Em especial, depois do Ato Institucional n 5, centenas de brasileiros tiveram que deixar o país, pois corriam risco de serem presos, torturados e, em diversos casos, assassinados. Em uma viagem decidida às pressas, levavam seus filhos ainda crianças, para o exílio, mudando suas vidas. Este estudo pretende entender quem foram essas crianças, filhas da causa, que partiram com seus pais e que memórias possuem daquele conturbado período. Tendo como referência a Psicologia Social, e estabelecendo diálogo com outros saberes, buscou-se entender que memórias foram construídas e qual nível de compartilhamento intersubjetivo foi produzido entre os diferentes indivíduos. Dezoito sujeitos foram entrevistados, a partir de um roteiro semi-estruturado. Foram investigadas as lembranças decorrentes da saída do país para viver no exílio, a chegada e a adaptação ao país de exílio, a volta ao Brasil, e a avaliação global sobre o exílio e a escolha política dos pais. Através da análise de conteúdo, buscou-se articular as falas dos diversos entrevistados a procura de convergências e compartilhamento nos discursos dos sujeitos. A partir da perspectiva do campo da Memória Social, que tem em Maurice Halbwachs sua maior referência teórica, realizou-se a articulação de fragmentos de discursos dos sujeitos entrevistados em busca de sentidos comuns, construídos a partir das memórias infantis sobre o período do exílio. / The political witch hunt consequent from the brazilian military dictatorship (between 1964-1979) has obligated lots of militants to leave Brazil and look for exile in foreign countries. Especially after the Ato Institucional #5 hundreds of Brazilians had to leave their homes because they were in dangerous of being arrested, or physically tortured, or even worse: being wildly killed. After setting up a trip in a hurry, they would take their children - such young children at the moment - with them to overseas, changing their lives for good. This study intends to investigate who those children were, the filhos da causa and which memories they have about that eventful period of the Brazilian history. Based on Social Psychology theories and some other knowledge areas as well we tried to understand how those memories were built and how much intersubjective partaking was produced by a random of different individuals. A partially structured script was developed to interview eighteen people about their memories, from leaving the country in such a difficult moment to arrive in a different place and the setting in process, as well as coming back to Brazil and their opinions about the experience and about their relatives choices. Being supported by the rethorical analysis theories, we also tried to join peoples accounts together to look for convergencies and partaking in their speech. From the Social Memory, where Maurice Halbwachs is the greatest reference, weve tried to link some snippets to find out common gists, built from childhood memories about the exile.

A perseguição política decorrente da ditadura militar, principalmente entre 1964 e 1979 no Brasil, obrigou muitos ativistas políticos a buscar exílio em terras estrangeiras. Em especial, depois do Ato Institucional n 5, centenas de brasileiros tiveram que deixar o país, pois corriam risco de serem presos, torturados e, em diversos casos, assassinados. Em uma viagem decidida às pressas, levavam seus filhos ainda crianças, para o exílio, mudando suas vidas. Este estudo pretende entender quem foram essas crianças, filhas da causa, que partiram com seus pais e que memórias possuem daquele conturbado período. Tendo como referência a Psicologia Social, e estabelecendo diálogo com outros saberes, buscou-se entender que memórias foram construídas e qual nível de compartilhamento intersubjetivo foi produzido entre os diferentes indivíduos. Dezoito sujeitos foram entrevistados, a partir de um roteiro semi-estruturado. Foram investigadas as lembranças decorrentes da saída do país para viver no exílio, a chegada e a adaptação ao país de exílio, a volta ao Brasil, e a avaliação global sobre o exílio e a escolha política dos pais. Através da análise de conteúdo, buscou-se articular as falas dos diversos entrevistados a procura de convergências e compartilhamento nos discursos dos sujeitos. A partir da perspectiva do campo da Memória Social, que tem em Maurice Halbwachs sua maior referência teórica, realizou-se a articulação de fragmentos de discursos dos sujeitos entrevistados em busca de sentidos comuns, construídos a partir das memórias infantis sobre o período do exílio. / The political witch hunt consequent from the brazilian military dictatorship (between 1964-1979) has obligated lots of militants to leave Brazil and look for exile in foreign countries. Especially after the Ato Institucional #5 hundreds of Brazilians had to leave their homes because they were in dangerous of being arrested, or physically tortured, or even worse: being wildly killed. After setting up a trip in a hurry, they would take their children - such young children at the moment - with them to overseas, changing their lives for good. This study intends to investigate who those children were, the filhos da causa and which memories they have about that eventful period of the Brazilian history. Based on Social Psychology theories and some other knowledge areas as well we tried to understand how those memories were built and how much intersubjective partaking was produced by a random of different individuals. A partially structured script was developed to interview eighteen people about their memories, from leaving the country in such a difficult moment to arrive in a different place and the setting in process, as well as coming back to Brazil and their opinions about the experience and about their relatives choices. Being supported by the rethorical analysis theories, we also tried to join peoples accounts together to look for convergencies and partaking in their speech. From the Social Memory, where Maurice Halbwachs is the greatest reference, weve tried to link some snippets to find out common gists, built from childhood memories about the exile.

I detaljplaneprocessen som regleras enligt plan- och bygglagen, PBL ställs kvar på samråd. Syftet med samrådet är att samla information, önskemål och synpunkter som berör planförslaget och överväga dessa i ett tidigt skede av detaljplanearbetet. Kommunen ska samråda om ett förslag till detaljplan med bland andra länsstyrelsen, lantmäterimyndigheten, kända sakägare och boende som berörs. Kritik riktas mot att gällande lagstiftning medför att samrådet ofta kommer in alltför sent i detaljplaneprocessen, när möjligheten att påverka har begränsats. En tidig dialog i samband med detaljplanering är inte reglerad i PBL. Den genomförs i vissa kommuner som ett verktyg i detaljplaneprocessen. Syftet med examensarbetet är att ur en fastighetsrättslig utgångspunkt undersöka varför, hur och i vilken omfattning som svenska kommuner använder sig av någon form av dialog med medborgare före det lagstadgade samrådet i detaljplaneprocessen. För att besvara den frågan genomförs litteraturstudier av plan- och bygglagstiftningen, med fokus på detaljplaneprocessen, dialog och samråd, tidigare forskning och undersökningar kopplad till dialog och samråd samt deltagar- och delaktighetsmodeller. Efter det följer empiriska studier i form av intervjuer med planchefer och planarkitekter i sju kommuner i Stockholms län och sex kommuner i Västra Götalands län. Utifrån 13 genomförda intervjuer är det tolv av de som intervjuats som företräder kommuner som använder sig av någon form av dialog tidigt i detaljplaneprocessen. • I några få kommuner har medborgarna ett visst inflytande utifrån dialogen. • I flera av kommunerna har medborgarna ett deltagande utifrån dialogen. • I några få kommuner medför inte dialogen att medborgarna får ett deltagande utan mera att de är informerade. • För många kommuner är den tidiga dialogen ett sätt att hämta kunskap och information från de som bor och verkar i ett område inför en detaljplanering. • Flera kommuner har rutiner för att utvärdera en dialog. • Flera kommuner saknar en strategi för dialogen. / In the process with the detailed development plans that is regulated in accordance with the Planning and Building Act, there is a requirement for consultation. The purpose of the consultation is to gather information, wishes and views that concern the plan proposal and consider these at an early stage of the detailed development plans work. The municipality shall consult on a proposal for a detailed development plan with, among others, the county administrative board, affected parties and residents who are affected. Criticism is directed at the fact that current legislation means that the consultation often comes in too late in the detailed development plan process, where the opportunity to influence has been limited. An early dialogue in connection with detailed development plans is not regulated in the Act. It is implemented in some municipalities as a tool in the detailed development plan process. The purpose of the Master thesis is to investigate from a property law point of view why, how and to what extent Swedish municipalities use some form of dialogue with citizens before the statutory consultation in the detailed development plan process. To answer that questions, literature studies of the planning and building legislation are carried out, with a focus on the detailed development plans process, dialogue and consultation, previous research and surveys linked to dialogue and consultation, and participation models. This is followed by empirical studies in the form of interviews with planning managers and planning architects in seven municipalities in Stockholm County and six municipalities in Västra Götaland County. Based on 13 interviews conducted, twelve of those interviewed represent municipalities that use some form of dialogue early in the detailed development plans process. • In a few municipalities, citizens have a certain influence based on dialogue. • In several of the municipalities, citizens have a participation based on dialogue. • In a few municipalities, the dialogue does not mean that the citizens get a participation, but rather that they are informed. • For many municipalities, the early dialogue is a way to gather knowledge and information from those who live and work in an area prior to detailed planning. • Several municipalities have routines for evaluating a dialogue. • Several municipalities lack a strategy for dialogue.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:33:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Cesar do Lago.pdf: 1617955 bytes, checksum: 95f76edf612a074cffd9c3f890ab0b35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this work we attempt to retrace the path of the urban policies in Brazil and to analyze its relation with the popular participation. We examine such participation, firstly, in the context of the conquest of political freedom, expressed mainly within the urban popular movements and their strive for a dignified way of life in the cities, as well as the resistance and fight against the authoritarianism, a stage that climaxed in the popular initiative of amendments to the Federal Constitution of 1988. Secondly, we analyze the interaction of the expanding civil society and its interlocution with the State in the new areas of participation created from the Assembléia Nacional Constituinte (Constitution National Assembly) of 1987/88, concerning to the urban question and the potential of the instruments available to citizens from then on. Our purpose comes true by the analysis of the citizenship from an active and partaking perspective, just as the presupposition of democracy adopted in this work. / Neste trabalho procuramos estabelecer a trajetória da política urbana no Brasil e analisar sua relação com a participação popular. Examinamos a participação,primeiramente no contexto da conquista de liberdade política, expressa sobretudo nos movimentos populares urbanos e suas lutas pela vida digna nas cidades, além da resistência e combate ao autoritarismo, etapa que culminou com a iniciativa popular de emendas ao texto da Constituição Federal de 1988. Em seguida observamos a atuação da sociedade civil em expansão e sua interlocução com o Estado nos novos espaços de participação que se criaram a partir da Assembléia Nacional Constituinte de 1987/88 no que tange à questão urbana e ao potencial dos instrumentos postos à disposição dos cidadãos. Nosso objetivo concretiza-se pela análise da cidadania sob uma perspectiva ativa e participante, tal qual é o pressuposto de democracia que adotamos nesse trabalho.