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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
471

SOLUÇÕES FUNDAMENTAIS DE OPERADORES LINEARES DE COEFICIENTES CONSTANTES / FUNDAMENTAL SOLUTIONS OF LINEAR OPERATORS CONSTANT COEFFICIENTS

Nunes, Luciele Rodrigues 09 March 2012 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this thesis we present a proof of the Malgrange-Ehrenpreis theorem, which states that every operator with constant coefficients non identically zero has a fundamental solution. / Nessa dissertação apresentamos uma demonstração do Teorema de Malgrange-Ehrenpreis, que afirma que todo operador de coeficientes constantes não identicamente nulo tem uma solução fundamental.
472

RESOLUBILIDADE GLOBAL DE OPERADORES LINEARES COM COEFICIENTES CONSTANTES / GLOBAL SOLVABILITY OF LINEAR OPERATORS WITH CONSTANT COEFFICIENTS

Carpes, Hekatelyne Prestes 15 July 2013 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this dissertation we present a proof of a Bernard Malgrange theorem, which establishes a necessary and sufficient condition for the global solvability of a linear operator with constant coefficients. / Nessa disserta¸c ao apresentamos uma demonstra¸c ao do Teorema de Bernard Malgrange, que estabelece condi¸c ao necess´aria e suficiente para que um operador linear com coeficientes constantes seja globalmente resol´uvel.
473

Analysis of several non-linear PDEs in fluid mechanics and differential geometry

Li, Siran January 2017 (has links)
In the thesis we investigate two problems on Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) in differential geometry and fluid mechanics. First, we prove the weak L<sup> p</sup> continuity of the Gauss-Codazzi-Ricci (GCR) equations, which serve as a compatibility condition for the isometric immersions of Riemannian and semi-Riemannian manifolds. Our arguments, based on the generalised compensated compactness theorems established via functional and micro-local analytic methods, are intrinsic and global. Second, we prove the vanishing viscosity limit of an incompressible fluid in three-dimensional smooth, curved domains, with the kinematic and Navier boundary conditions. It is shown that the strong solution of the Navier-Stokes equation in H<sup> r+1</sup> (r &GT; 5/2) converges to the strong solution of the Euler equation with the kinematic boundary condition in H<sup> r</sup>, as the viscosity tends to zero. For the proof, we derive energy estimates using the special geometric structure of the Navier boundary conditions; in particular, the second fundamental form of the fluid boundary and the vorticity thereon play a crucial role. In these projects we emphasise the linkages between the techniques in differential geometry and mathematical hydrodynamics.
474

Méthodes numériques pour la résolution d'EDP sur des surfaces. Application dans l'embryogenèse / Numerical methods for the resolution of surface PDE.Application to embryogenesis

Dicko, Mahamar 14 March 2016 (has links)
Nous développons une nouvelle approche éléments finis pour des équations aux dérivées partielles elliptiques de type élasticité linéaire ou Stokes sur une surface fermée de R3. La surface considérée est décrite par le zéro d'une fonction de niveau assez régulière. Le problème se ramène à la minimisation d'une fonctionnelle énergie pour le champ de vitesse sous contraintes. Les contraintes sont de deux types : (i) la vitesse est tangentielle à la surface, (ii) la surface est inextensible. Cette deuxième contrainte équivaut à l'incompressibilité surfacique du champ de vitesse. Nous abordons ce problème de deux façons : la pénalisation et l'introduction de deux multiplicateurs de Lagrange. Cette dernière méthode a l'avantage de traiter le cas de la limite incompressible d'un écoulement en surface dont nous présentons pour la première fois l'analyse théorique et numérique. Nous montrons des estimations d'erreurs sur la solution discrète et les tests numériques confirment l'optimalité des ces estimations. Pour cela, nous proposons plusieurs approches pour le calcul numérique de la normale et la courbure de la surface. L'implémentation utilise la librairie libre d'éléments finis Rheolef. Nous présentons aussi des résultats de simulations numériques pour une application en biologie : la morphogenèse de l'embryon de la drosophile, durant laquelle des déformations tangentielles d'une monocouche de cellules avec une faible variation d'aire. Ce phénomène est connu sous le nom de l'extension de la bande germinale. / We develop a novel finite element approach for linear elasticity or Stokes-type PDEs set on a closed surface of $mathbb{R}^3$. The surface we consider is described as the zero of a sufficiently smooth level-set function. The problem can be written as the minimisation of an energy function over a constrained velocity field. Constraints areof two different types: (i) the velocity field is tangential to the surface, (ii) the surface is inextensible. This second constraint is equivalent to surface incompressibility of the velocity field. We address thisproblem in two different ways: a penalty method and a mixed method involving two Lagrange multipliers. This latter method allows us to solve the limiting case of incompressible surface flow, for which we present a novel theoretical and numerical analysis. Error estimates for the discrete solution are given andnumerical tests shows the optimality of the estimates. For this purpose, several approaches for the numerical computation of the normal and curvature of the surface are proposed. The implementation relies on the Rheolef open-source finite element library. We present numerical simulations for a biological application: the morphogenesis of Drosophila embryos, duringwhich tangential flows of a cell monolayer take place with a low surface-area variation. This phenomenon is known as germ-band extension.
475

Regularidade no infinito de variedades de Hadamard e alguns problemas de Dirichlet assintóticos

Telichevesky, Miriam January 2012 (has links)
Sejam M uma variedade de Hadamard com curvatura seccional KM ≤ −k2 < 0 e ∂ M sua fronteira assintótica. Dizemos que M satisfaz a condição de convexidade estrita se, dados x ∈ ∂∞M e W ⊂ ∂∞M aberto relativo contendo x, existe um aberto Ω ⊂ M de classe C2 tais que x ∈ Int (∂ Ω) ⊂ W e M \ Ω ´e convexo. Provamos que a condição de convexidade estrita implica que M éregular no infinito com relação ao operador Q[u] := div a(|∇u|) \ |∇u| ∇u definido no espa¸co de Sobolev W 1,p(M ), onde a ∈ C1([0, +∞)) satisfaz a(0) = 0, at(s) > 0 para todo s > 0, a(s) ≤ C (sp−1 + 1), ∀s ≥ 0, onde C > 0 é uma constante, e a(s) ≥ sq para algum q > 0 e para s ≈ 0 e supomos que é possível resolver problemas de Dirichlet em bolas (compactas) de M com dados contínuos no bordo. Segue disto que sob a condição de convexidade estrita, os problemas de Dirichlet para equação de hipersuperfície mínima e para o p-laplaciano, p > 1, são solúveis para qualquer dado contínuo prescrito no bordo assintótico. Também provamos que se M é rotacionalmente simétrica ou se inf BR+1 KM ≥ −e 2kR /R2+2 , R ≥ R∗, para certos R∗ e E > 0, então M satisfaz a condição de convexidade estrita. / Let M be Hadamard manifold with sectional curvature KM ≤ −k2, k > 0 and ∂∞M its asymptotic boundary. We say that M satisfies the strict convexity condition if, given x ∈ ∂∞M and a relatively open subset W ⊂ 2 ∂∞M containing x, there exists a C open subset Ω ⊂ M such that x ∈ Int (∂∞Ω) ⊂ W and M \ Ω is convex. We prove that the strict convexity condition implies that M is regular at infinity relative to the operator Q [u] := div a(|∇u|) \ |∇u| ∇u , defined on the Sobolev space W 1,p(M ), where a ∈ C 1 ([0, ∞)) satisfies a(0) = 0, at(s) > 0 for all s > 0, a(s) ≤ C (s p−1 + 1), ∀s ≥ 0, where C > 0 is a constant, and a(s) ≥ sq , for some q > 0 and for s ≈ 0 and we suppose that it is possible to solve Dirichlet problems on (compact) balls of M with continuous boundary data. It follows that under the strict convexity condition, the Dirichlet problems for the minimal hypersurface and the p-Laplacian, p > 1, equations are solvable for any prescribed continuous asymptotic boundary data. We also prove that if M is rotationally symmetric or if inf BR+1 KM ≥ −e2kR/R2+2 , R ≥ R∗, for some R∗ and E > 0, then M satisfies the SC condition.
476

O grupo de Schrödinger em espaços de Zhidkov / Schrödinger group on Zhidkov spaces

Carvalho, Fábio Henrique de 16 March 2010 (has links)
This work is dedicated to the local and global well-possednes study of Cauchy s Problem associated to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, to the initial data nonzero at infinity. / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Este trabalho é dedicado ao estudo da boa colocação local e global do Problema de Cauchy associado à equação não linear de Schrödinger, com dado inicial não nulo no infinito.
477

Aspects of interval analysis applied to initial-value problems for ordinary differential equations and hyperbolic partial differential equations

Anguelov, Roumen Anguelov 09 1900 (has links)
Interval analysis is an essential tool in the construction of validated numerical solutions of Initial Value Problems (IVP) for Ordinary (ODE) and Partial (PDE) Differential Equations. A validated solution typically consists of guaranteed lower and upper bounds for the exact solution or set of exact solutions in the case of uncertain data, i.e. it is an interval function (enclosure) containing all solutions of the problem. IVP for ODE: The central point of discussion is the wrapping effect. A new concept of wrapping function is introduced and applied in studying this effect. It is proved that the wrapping function is the limit of the enclosures produced by any method of certain type (propagate and wrap type). Then, the wrapping effect can be quantified as the difference between the wrapping function and the optimal interval enclosure of the solution set (or some norm of it). The problems with no wrapping effect are characterized as problems for which the wrapping function equals the optimal interval enclosure. A sufficient condition for no wrapping effect is that there exist a linear transformation, preserving the intervals, which reduces the right-hand side of the system of ODE to a quasi-isotone function. This condition is also necessary for linear problems and "near" necessary in the general case. Hyperbolic PDE: The Initial Value Problem with periodic boundary conditions for the wave equation is considered. It is proved that under certain conditions the problem is an operator equation with an operator of monotone type. Using the established monotone properties, an interval (validated) method for numerical solution of the problem is proposed. The solution is obtained step by step in the time dimension as a Fourier series of the space variable and a polynomial of the time variable. The numerical implementation involves computations in Fourier and Taylor functoids. Propagation of discontinuo~swaves is a serious problem when a Fourier series is used (Gibbs phenomenon, etc.). We propose the combined use of periodic splines and Fourier series for representing discontinuous functions and a method for propagating discontinuous waves. The numerical implementation involves computations in a Fourier hyper functoid. / Mathematical Sciences / D. Phil. (Mathematics)
478

Novo paradigma em Física Computacional - software livre e computação em nuvem - aplicado à solução numérica de EDPs

Oliveira, Marceliano Eduardo de January 2014 (has links)
OLIVEIRA, Marceliano Eduardo de. Novo paradigma em Física Computacional - software livre e computação em nuvem - aplicado à solução numérica de EDPs. 2014. 245 f. Tese (Doutorado em Física) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2014. / Submitted by Edvander Pires (edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2015-04-09T20:43:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_meoliveira.pdf: 19614159 bytes, checksum: aa7330651c925aed81b7abd66f0ae934 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edvander Pires(edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2015-04-10T20:38:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_meoliveira.pdf: 19614159 bytes, checksum: aa7330651c925aed81b7abd66f0ae934 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-10T20:39:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_meoliveira.pdf: 19614159 bytes, checksum: aa7330651c925aed81b7abd66f0ae934 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / The main goal of this work is numerically solving physics problems associated with transport phenomena, which are described by partial differential equations, whose numerical solution requires the use of computer codes. We use open source software like R and OpenFOAM, writing our own routines. The aim is to approach computational physics from a new paradigma, composed by open source software and cloud computing. To numerically solve a partial differential equation one needs some sort of discretization. We first study the frequent found numerical methods: Finite Difference (FD), Finite Volume (FV), Finite Elements (FE). Latter on, we implement a finite volume scheme for the solution of the diffusion equations in 1D and 2D using R and the two phase flow in a porous media using OpenFOAM. We choose the (FV) for its simplicity and because it has some conservatives properties resulting from vector calculus identities. Finally we perform some numerical experiments. During the work we keep in mind code reusability and portability. Our main achievements are: implementation of highly portable and reusable codes (specialized routines that can be used in different problems) into R and OpenFOAM that can be used from notebooks to cloud computing. We present also a scheme to specify domain heterogeneity through a blocking operator. We apply the studied methodology for numerically solving multiphase flows in porous media. We also show its application for solving classical problems like 1D and 2D diffusion. / O principal objetivo deste trabalho é resolver numericamente problemas físicos associados com os fenômenos de transporte, que são descritos por equações diferenciais parciais, cujas soluções numéricas exigem o uso de códigos de computadores. Optamos por usar plataformas de software livre, especificamente o código R e o OpenFOAM, escrevendo nossas próprios rotinas. O intuito é avaliar a aplicação em física computacional de um novo paradigma, formado pela combinação de software livre e computação em nuvem. A tarefa de resolver numericamente uma equação diferencial parcial passa pelo processo de sua discretização. Estudamos, numa etapa preliminar, os esquemas numéricos frequentemente utilizados para discretizar EDP, encontrados na literatura: Método de Diferenças Finitas (MDF), Método de Volumes Finitos (MVF), Método de Elementos Finitos (MEF) em suas variantes (Galerkin contínuo e descontínuo). Numa etapa posterior, fazemos a implementação computacional do método dos volumes finitos (MVF) em R para difusão de calor em uma e duas dimensões, e para o escoamento bifásico em meios porosos em OpenFoam. A escolha do (MVF) foi motivada pela sua relativa simplicidade de implementação e por apresentar propriedades conservativas baseadas em identidades de cálculo vetorial. Por último foram escolhidos alguns casos de estudo e nestes foram realizadas as tarefas de discretização, implementação computacional e simulação. Durante todo o processo foram levados em conta os seguintes parâmetros: portabilidade do código, reuso do código, estratégias para modificação do domínio. Nossas principais contribuições foram implementar em OpenFOAM e em R códigos de alta portabilidade (desktop, laptop, nuvem) e com bom reuso (segmentação em subrotinas especializadas que podem ser adaptadas a diferentes problemas). Neste trabalho mostramos também como modificar a geometria de um problema já implementado computacionalmente apenas usando um operador matricial que bloqueia pontos do domínio, criando uma heterogeneidade sem alterar drasticamente o código. Aplicamos as técnicas desenvolvidas para o estudo numérico do escoamento multifásico em meios porosos através do método de volumes finitos. Mostramos também a aplicação da mesma metodologia no estudo de problemas clássicos como a difusão em 1D e 2D.
479

Modelagem e simulação da propagação de ondas em barras não homogêneas envolvendo materiais elásticos não lineares. / Numerical simulation of the dynamical response of a nonlinear elástic rod composed by two materials.

Cleciano Berlando Miranda de Oliveira 24 August 2012 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho é tratar da simulação do fenômeno de propagação de ondas em uma haste heterogênea elástico, composta por dois materiais distintos (um linear e um não-linear), cada um deles com a sua própria velocidade de propagação da onda. Na interface entre estes materiais existe uma descontinuidade, um choque estacionário, devido ao salto das propriedades físicas. Empregando uma abordagem na configuração de referência, um sistema não-linear hiperbólico de equações diferenciais parciais, cujas incógnitas são a velocidade e a deformação, descrevendo a resposta dinâmica da haste heterogénea. A solução analítica completa do problema de Riemann associado são apresentados e discutidos. / The objective of this work is the simulation of the wave propagation phenomenon in a heterogeneous elastic rod, composed by two distinct materials (a linear and a non-linear one), each of them with its own wave propagation speed. At the interface between these materials there is a discontinuity, a stationary shock, due to the jump of the physical properties. Employing a reference configuration approach, a nonlinear hyperbolic system of partial differential equations, whose unknowns are the velocity and the strain, describing the dynamical response of the heterogeneous rod. The complete analytical solution of the associated Riemann problem is presented and discussed.
480

Análise matemática de Modelos de Campo de Fase para solidificação. / Mathematical analysis of Phase Field Models for solidification.

ARAÚJO, Damião Júnio Gonçalves. 19 July 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-19T14:01:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DAMIÃO JÚNIO GONÇALVES ARAÚJO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMAT 2008..pdf: 506877 bytes, checksum: 8b058ceadbb68cd8c6d372656749744e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T14:01:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DAMIÃO JÚNIO GONÇALVES ARAÚJO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMAT 2008..pdf: 506877 bytes, checksum: 8b058ceadbb68cd8c6d372656749744e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04 / Capes / Neste trabalho são estudados dois sistemas de equações diferenciais parciais parabólicas sujeitas a condições iniciais e de contorno. O primeiro sistema tratado representa um modelo de solidificação envolvendo uma função campo de fase. O segundo problema tratado é uma simplificação de um modelo com duas funções campo de fase para solidificação de ligas. São estudados resultados sobre existência (via Método de Ponto Fixo), regularidade, continuidade em relação aos dados iniciais e ao termo forçante e unicidade de solução dos sistemas citados. / In this work we study two parabolic partial differential equations systems subject to initial and boundary conditions. The first system treated here represents a model for solidification with a phase field function. The second system is a simplification of a two-phase field model for alloy solidification. We study results concerning existence (by FixedPoint Method), regularityand uniquenessof solution for mentioned systems.

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