Participatory design is often linked to community development, but studies seldom explore the ongoing effects the built design can have on a community. This study examined whether a participatory design process and the resulting public space acted as catalysts of community development. A case study was conducted in Barrio Grenada, Nicaragua, where a park was designed and built with community participation in 2010. The study explored participation in the design process, use of the park, and perceptions of subsequent development in Barrio Grenada. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews of external agents and local residents who participated in the park design and construction. Results suggest the design process and park each catalyzed development in distinct ways. Contacts made through the design process aided infrastructure development through financial and logistical support, while use of the park enabled social development through increased communication among neighbours, and recreation opportunities for children and youth. / Estate of Richard and Sophia Hungerford

Submitted by GABRIEL FERNANDES DOS SANTOS null (gabrielfernandes.cereja@gmail.com) on 2016-04-05T14:33:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Santos, Gabriel Fernandes dos.pdf: 11047087 bytes, checksum: f22abce52339cc909a7aadc1614d0946 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-07T17:22:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_gf_me_bauru.pdf: 11047087 bytes, checksum: f22abce52339cc909a7aadc1614d0946 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-07T17:22:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_gf_me_bauru.pdf: 11047087 bytes, checksum: f22abce52339cc909a7aadc1614d0946 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O déficit habitacional atinge milhões de famílias em todo o mundo, inclusive as brasileiras. Este problema, somado ao contexto insustentável do setor produtivo da indústria da construção, evidencia a urgente necessidade de novas propostas para o prosseguimento deste ramo de modo sustentável. Então, as áreas do Design, Arquitetura e Engenharia Civil, cada vez mais, priorizam pelo uso de recursos sustentáveis e por novas abordagens no desenvolvimento de suas atividades. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de desenvolver novos componentes construtivos – painéis modulares para fechamentos na construção de ambientes, feitos em bambu associado com terra e resíduos. Sob uma abordagem metodológica articulada pela realização de um Design Participativo, a concepção dos painéis modulares foi realizada em conjunto com duas comunidades locais, uma de área rural e outra de zona urbana. A elaboração de projeto dos painéis utilizou sketches, ilustrações, modelagens em 3D virtual, renderes, desenhos técnicos e modelos em escala 1:2. Na etapa de confecção dos protótipos físicos, primeiramente foi projetado e construído um gabarito para, posteriormente, efetuar-se a montagem dos painéis modulares. Com a confecção dos protótipos físicos dos painéis e do gabarito foi possível identificar possíveis melhorias em ambos os projetos. Neste momento, fez-se a coleta e análise de dados que, futuramente, poderão auxiliar a caracterizar sua viabilidade econômica. No que diz respeito aos materiais empregados e à abordagem metodológica articulada pela realização de um Design Participativo para a criação dos painéis, os resultados alcançados apresentaram efetividade. Tal fato demonstra a capacidade dos painéis modulares desenvolvidos nesta pesquisa em promover ações sustentáveis junto ao ramo da construção. / Housing shortage affects millions of families around the world, including Brazilian ones. This problem, added to the unsustainable context of the construction production sector, points out the urgent necessity of new proposals for a sustainable prosecution of this matter. Therefore, the fields of Design, Architecture and Civil Engineering are increasingly prioritizing the use of sustainable resources and new approaches to the development of activities. In this sense, this research aims to develop new constructive components – modular panels for the closure of construction, built of bamboo associated with soil and residues. In a participatory methodology approach, the production planning of the modular panels was done together with two local communities, one of rural area and the other from urban zone. The elaboration of the panels project used sketches, 3D virtual modelling, renders, technical drawings and models in 1:2 scale. Firstly, at the confection stage of the physical prototypes, templates were projected and build, then the modular panels were assembled. With the physical prototype of the panels and the templates, it was possible to identify possibles improvements in both projects. At that stage, data was gathered and analyzed that, in the future, could help characterize its economical viability. Concerning the used materials and the methodology articulated through the execution of a participatory design, the results achieved were effective. It demonstrates the modular panel´s capacity of promoting sustainable actions in the construction field. / FAPESP: 2015/00782-4

Thesis (MTech (Industrial Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007 / This thesis tests the Usability, Safety and Attractiveness Participatory Design model (USAP) in the field of inclusive fitness. The focus is on improving compatibility between elderly people and fitness products. Three participatory design (PO) workshops were carried out with potential users ranging from 20 to 80 years of age. The research not only includes current elderly people but also those who will be entering this age bracket in the next ten years. Although the main focus is on the elderly, younger participants were included, and acted as a transgenerational audit. The first PO session made known possible avenues for exploration; the second session introduced a new group of people to the research and acted as a check to see if a wider audience of older users had similar needs to those uncovered so far; the third session involved middle age participants who will be entering old age in the next ten years. Concepts were generated and participants commented and critiqued them.

Det finns enorma mängder information att finna på nätet i dagsläget, allt ifrån nyheter till historia, och allt i en rad olika format på en hissnande mängd olika typer av sajter. Att ses som en tillförlitlig informationskälla är därför inte lätt i dagens medialandskap. Mycket vikt läggs på ett unikt innehåll och professionell design, och just professionell design eller attraktiv design har i tidigare studier visat sig vara något som har tydliga samband med hemsidor som uppfattas som trovärdiga av användare. Med denna press på det rent estetiska finns det behov att utreda vilka typer av designmetoder som kan tänkas tillhandagå webbdesigners i skapandet av hemsidor som upplevs som trovärdiga. I detta kandidatarbete har jag därför valt att utreda hur en och samma hemisda skapad via två olika typer av webbdesignmetoder gynnas vid ett första intryck. Den ena versionen av hemsidan skapad via en traditionell webbdesignmetod och den andra via en deltagande webbdesignmetod. Vad jag har funnit är att det finns vissa samband mellan en hemsidas upplevda trovärdighet och en hemsida skapad via deltagande webbdesignarbete. Vidare studier behövs dock för att säkert fastställa sambanden.

Denna rapport handlar om arbetet med detaljplaner på ett Samhällsbyggnadskontor. Den försöker svara på två frågor. Hur kan man designa integration av olika applikationer, medier och work practices? Är metoder från Participatory Design (PD), Etnografi och CSCW lämpliga för att utforma en sådan designprocess? I min studie har jag använt mig av dessa metoder för att studera arbetet i sin kontext på kontoret, genom situerade intervjuer och observationer. Jag höll även en designworkshop tillsammans med några medarbetare på kontoret. För att klargöra bakgrunden till mina frågor presen-terar jag teorier om PD, CSCW och e-government, och jag försöker relatera mina forskningsfrågor till dessa teorier. Jag presenterar också mitt empiriska material, för att visa bakgrunden till mina slutsatser. Jag har spelat en aktiv roll i projektet, både som ”Action Researcher” och som designer. Action Research är en reflexiv process, där reflektioner över materialet och processen under arbetets gång påverkar själva arbetet. Jag upptäckte vissa svårigheter att arbeta på det sättet, eftersom arbetet uppdelades på två olika nivåer, och det var svårt att hålla isär mina olika roller i projektet, som ”Action Researcher” och som designer. Jag kom fram till att integrationen inte är en fråga om tekniska möjligheter, utan är en fråga om att få teknologin att passa in i själva arbetet, för att stödja work practice. Mitt arbete resulterade i en vision för ett system för detaljplanering som jag presenterar i scenario-form. Visionen innehåller många punkter som bör beaktas i systemdesign i ett sådant fall. Jag kom också fram till att metoder från PD, CSCW och Etnografi är väl lämpade för att informera designprocessen i en miljö som kännetecknas av kooperation, kommunikation, distribuerat arbete, mobilitet, och en kombination av många olika medier.

Housing has always been an urgent question in modern times: how to provide for increasing demand and quickly changing patterns of living. One of the main issues with it is that the very people who will buy, rent and use housing have mostly have little or no say in the design— or how they would like the house to change over time. One of the most audacious experiments in modern housing, the Swedish Million Programme, is over 50 years old; these estates are ageing and have become misaligned with modern ways of living, rendering them susceptible to segregated neighbourhoods and neglect, and out of date in terms of energy use. While a new housing shortage looms, the renovations to million program buildings could potentially provide some insights into the housing problem. The ageing infrastructure of the million programme is an opportunity to reconsider the way we think of housing today. The million programme was scientifically designed and constructed with state-of-the-art methods in the 60s and 70s, and was an example to the world. Today, the buildings are not up to environmental standards and need refurbishment to improve thermal performance. Also: the particular family sizes that the estates were designed for some decades ago, do not exist in the same proportions today. There is not as much diversity in sizes and types of apartments as are required for today’s different and unpredictable demographic changes. This project proposes a system of extensions to the facades of the buildings that challenge the existing plans and allows newer typologies to be remade from the old buildings. This would necessarily require the participation, conversation and negotiation of the residents, as well as facilitating agencies like the Kommun, Housing companies, Tenants’ Associations, Manufacturers, Construction companies and so on. Residents have been the most marginalised group of all the parties who come together to make housing; I contend that this is one of the fundamental issues of all housing that are designed with little adaptability and hence are dated with a fixed lifespan, after which changing lives begin to make them redundant. However, a user-driven process and designs that afford adaptation according to changing needs may allow housing to have an inherently longer life, and affect the social cohesion and sense of place of the city as well. The method is to test architectural strategies to a building of the million programme
in Umeå, to bring out potentials and possibilities of participation in such a context. The main strategy is a Support and Infill model of incremental addition: the design of fixed infrastructure and of potential changes that may be added onto it. Speculating possible configurations of addition may provide some insight about the benefits and pitfalls of such and similar systems of refurbishment, and of participation. Perhaps a built environment that is able to change more easily to accommodate people’s changing lives and needs over time produces more energetic, active and livable cities that are more resilient to change and unpredictability that is characteristic of our world today.

Vardagliga konversationer kan sätta igång deltagande processer, men kan samtidigt också innebära ett hot mot normativa professionella praktiker. Min studie undersöker kommunikation och narrativa metoder i ett internationellt utvecklingssamarbete. Undersökningen observerar de möjligheter berättelser kan ha för biståndsprojekt och syftet är att framföra betydelsen av vardagshistorierna i beslutstagandet. Jag bestämde mig för att konstruera en fallstudie om slumområdet Kibera i Nairobi där olika organisationer arbetar med samhällsbyggande. Min avsikt var att jämföra två olika datakällor från Kibera för att undersöka vilka möjligheter lokalbefolkningens berättelser och vardagshistorier bjuder på. Missförstånd mellan olika aktörer uppstår eftersom individer upplever världen på olika sätt och detta gör fallstudien av Kibera intressant att undersöka. Genom att jämföra två olika narrativa källor, med hjälp av olika teoretiker, är det möjligt att visa orsakerna till varför det existerar en klyfta mellan experterna och den lokala befolkningen. Studien utnyttjar en fallstudiemetod, eftersom målet är att etablera en djupare förståelse för hur vardagsberättelser kan förbättra kommunikationen inom design och internationellt biståndsarbete. Efter en noggrann innehållsanalys av olika källor är det möjligt att konstatera att narrativa metoder skapar en bättre förutsättning för internationella biståndsprojekt och dessutom en starkare relation mellan internationella aktörer och utsatta lokala grupper. Vardagsberättelser skapar en naturlig omgivning för aktörer att uttrycka deras tankar och önskemål. / Everyday conversations can simultaneously be a spark for participatory processes and a threat to normative professional practices. My study examines communication practices and narrative methods in a development work context. The study observes the opportunities storytelling can bring to development projects and aims to highlight the importance of everyday narratives in decision-making processes. In order to explore the possibilities storytelling and everyday narratives bring to the table, I decided to build a case around Kibera slum area in Nairobi, where different actors are operating with community building, and compare their narratives. Stakeholders inevitably experience reality differently, which leads to disconnections and misunderstandings, and this makes the case study of Kibera interesting - by comparing the narratives of the two data sources from Kibera with the help of different theorists, it is possible to reveal the underlying reasons why a gap of connection exists between the different stakeholders. A case study research strategy is necessary in order to understand more profoundly how storytelling as a participatory tool can improve communication in design and development practice. After careful content analysis of different data sources, it is possible to conclude that using narrative methods to establish connections between foreign experts and vulnerable local communities builds a better foundation for development projects; storytelling creates a neutral setting where different stakeholders can find a way to express their thoughts and desires naturally.

Co-neighbouring is a design exploration that aims to examine the possibilities of resident’s engagement and collaboration in a rented apartment building in Sweden. In an apartment building for rent, where resident’s agency is limited to their private apartment, I invited my neighbors to become active designers of our closest environment together. This project uncovers the power relation visible between the landlord and tenants and some tensions that arise from this project’s will to give residents more agency. It also aims to highlight the importance of collaborative processes in apartment buildings and explores what kind of innovations become possible when residents get the chance to contribute to the development of the building they live in.

Designers take inspiration about the future in order to shape values for their design practice, especially whennew technologies are involved. Participatory design fiction is an approach that enables designers to reflectupon futures are created by non-designers. These narratives about technologies that come from nondesignersare valuable for designers in the industry as inspirational material. Nonetheless, the distancebetween the academic research and designers in the industry makes difficult the spreading of design fictionsproduced by non-designers.This thesis project explore the following: How might we design a digital infrastructure that integrates the enduser's imaginaries about new technologies as inspiration and material for reflection in the design industrypractice?As well as: How might we enable the design research community to share results of their participatory designfiction experiments with the design industry in ways that benefit both parts?I will present an investigation in the relations between the academic design researchers and the designpractitioners by the means of co-design workshops, interviews, virtual ethnography and iterative prototyping.The outcome is an infrastructure which takes advantage of the existing practices of the design community onTwitter. By investigating these social media dynamics, I intent to create a bridge between academia anddesign industry for enabling critical inspiration from participatory design fiction outcomes. The final prototypeis a Twitter account run by a bot which enables an autonomous collection of design fictions from nondesignersshared on Twitter by design researchers with designers from the industry.

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