This exploratory study investigates how racialized immigrant women experience and respond to intimate partner abuse (IPA). The American and European models of intersectionality theory are used to highlight structural constraints and agentic responses as experienced and enacted by racialized immigrant women. Eight women described their experiences through semi-structured interviews, revealing an array of both defensive and pro-active types of strategies aimed at short- and long-term outcomes. Responses included aversion, negative reinforcement or coping strategies like prayer or self-coaching, and accordingly varied by the constraints under which the women lived as newcomers to Canada. Policy recommendations promote acknowledgement of women’s decision-making abilities and provide a model in which women can choose from a selection of options in how to respond, rather than strictly interventionist models. Study results can help to challenge stereotypes of abused women as passive victims, and empower the image of immigrant women as active knowers of their circumstances.

Inledning: Mäns våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer är ett utbrett folkhälsoproblem vilket hindrar utvecklingen av ett jämställt samhälle och bidrar till allvarliga hälsoproblem för många kvinnor i form av både kort- och långsiktig fysisk och psykisk ohälsa. Våldet påverkar även våldsutsatta kvinnors möjlighet till delaktighet och inflytande i samhället, vilket ytterligare gör det till en viktig folkhälsofråga. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva riskfaktorer för mäns våld mot kvinnor nära relationer. Metod: Utifrån tjugofem vetenskapliga artiklar vilka analyserades med en tematisk analysmetod identifierades fem huvudsakliga teman: ”Uppväxtvillkor”, ”Individuella faktorer hos mannen”, ”Förhållandekontext”, ”Socioekonomiska och demografiska faktorer” samt ”Normer”. Även fyra subteman identifierades: ”Personlighetsdrag”, ”Alkohol och droger”, ”Konflikter” samt ”Graviditet och barn”. Resultat: Resultatets nyckelfynd var negativa barndomsupplevelser, impulskontroll, alkoholpåverkan, ekonomiska resurser och maskulinitetsnormer. Diskussion: Resultaten har delvis diskuterats utifrån en ekologisk modell och avslutas med implikationer och förslag på utveckling av ämnet. Litteraturstudien belyser vikten av att utveckla förebyggande och behandlande strategier på flera olika nivåer för att motverka mäns våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer. / Introduction: Men’s perpetration of intimate partner violence against women is a widespread public health problem that prevents the development of an equal society and contributes to serious health problems for many women in terms of both short and long term physical and mental health. The violence also affects the victimized women's opportunity for participation and influence in the society, which further makes it an important public health issue. Aim: The aim of the literature review was to describe risk factors for men’s perpetration of intimate partner violence against women. Methods: Based on twenty-five scientific articles analyzed by a thematic analysis method, five main themes were identified: "Conditions during childhood”, "Individual factors of the man", "Relationship context", "Socio-economic and Demographic factors" and "Standards." Four sub-themes were also identified: "Personality traits", "Alcohol and drugs", "Conflicts" and "Pregnancy and children". Results: The key findings of the results were negative childhood experiences, impulse control, alcohol impact, financial resources and masculinity standards. Discussion: The results have been discussed partly based on an ecological model and concluded with implications and suggestions on the development of the subject. The literature study highlights the importance of developing prevention and treatment strategies at several levels to counter men’s perpetration of intimate partner violence against women

Intimate partner violence is endemic in the United States. According to the American Medical Association (1992), one-fifth to one-third of women will sustain violence from a partner or ex-partner in their lifetime. The relevant literature was organized by ICD-9-CM categories. This study examined the health consequences of partner abuse in a sample of community women using a sample consisting of 564 women in three ethnic groups. Because prior research has failed to account for variations by type of abuse on health consequences, this study assessed psychological abuse, violence and sexual aggression by women's partners. To determine whether or not different types of abuse had an effect on women's health, hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. The regression equations were calculated for women within each ethnic group to facilitate identification of similarities and differences and to control for ethnic differences in risk for specific diseases. The results were consistent with past research on health consequences of abuse and extended the prior literature by showing that psychological abuse had a pervasive effect on health conditions, distress and use of health care resources. Additionally, ethnic differences emerged. As expected, ethnicity appeared to function as a moderator. Clinical implications and recommendations are made for future research, suggesting the development of a new assessment tool for partner abuse screening.

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