Postpartum depression (PPD) is a medicalized condition that exists on a continuum of postpartum mood disorders. PPD is reported to be experienced by 10-15% of mothers and 10% of fathers during pregnancy or after the birth of a baby. PPD, as experienced by either parent, is considered a serious condition because of its potential short- and long-term negative impacts on the developing child. In this thesis I explore how motherhood and fatherhood are constructed in the context of articles on maternal and paternal PPD in Canadian and American newspapers. Specifically, I focus on how references to the opposite partner were used to position each parent, and how each parent was positioned with respect to the new baby. In the articles on maternal PPD, husbands were either inconsequential to the story, positioned as being absent, or constructed as supporting the mother through instrumental and action-oriented behaviours. In addition, mothers were constructed as lonely and isolated because of self-imposed limitations (e.g., feeling ashamed for not being happy). In the articles on paternal PPD, the mother-father relationship was based on differences and competition. Fathers were constructed as isolated, lonely and misunderstood, most often through mother-blaming, such as by positioning the mother as responsible for the father’s well-being (e.g., causing his PPD), and by labelling PPD “a woman’s domain.” Fathers’ loneliness was presented as being due to imposed limitations of others (e.g., others did not properly prepare fathers for fatherhood). Mothering was constructed as being instinctually skilled, tolerant, and self-sacrificing, with the inherent capability to manage multiple roles and changes. The mother-baby relationship was constructed as naturally joyful, all-important and –consuming. Fathers were not expected to be as skilled or instinctively prepared and tolerant, to engage in chores/childcare, or to be explicitly overjoyed with the baby. Mothers were blamed for their distress in the role, while others were blamed for fathers’ distresses. Gendered stereotypes in the parenting role were perpetuated in these newspaper articles. Parenthood was not constructed as a collaboration, but rather motherhood and fatherhood stood in isolation from each other, with motherhood positioned as the primary role. These constructions continue to maintain fathers in the background of parenthood as an “other,” and to position mothers as responsible for the well-being of her partner, child(ren) and herself.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1970. / Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Bernard Mackler. Dissertation Committee: Sheldon R. Roen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1984.

Since Draper & Harpending (1982) proposed that father absence would be associated with a shift in reproductive strategy, a body of literature has accumulated supporting their claims. This thesis explores further aspects of father absence theory, utilising computergraphic facial processing. It opens with an overview of both father absence theory (Chapter 1) and the Evolutionary Psychology of attraction (Chapter 2). Part 1 Part 1 explores the meaning of masculinity in partner choice scenarios. Male facial masculinity co-varied with facial age but not apparent facial health both in tenns of women's preferences (Study 1) and women's direct perceptions (Study 2). This suggested that masculinity in male faces is not a cue to immunocompetence health status as other authors have suggested, In Study 3, while masculine faces were perceived as more dominant than feminised faces, they were otherwise considered poorer quality partners. It was suggested that masculinity was attractive because of a 'sexy son' mechanism (dominance increasing offspring reproductive success), which was traded off against the anti-social traits associated with masculinity. Part 2 Studies 4, 5 and 6 found that father absence or poor relationships with the parents generally reduced masculinity preference and age preference (although in Study 5, this effect was moderated by relationship status). This contradicted predictions made from traditional father absence literature (that father absence should be associated with a short term strategy and therefore masculinity preference). Sociological explanations were discounted as family background did not relate to the traits women said they desired in a partner (Study 7). Altogether these results raised questions about the attractiveness and self-esteem of father absent females. Part 3 therefore investigated the physical development of these females. Part 3 Study 8 found that marital difficulties between parents were associated with an increase in perceived facial masculinity in both male and female offspring's faces, a decrease in facial attractiveness and increased weight and waist-hip ratio in women. Study 9 found that levels of progesterone were inversely related to quality of parental relationship. The overarching conclusions of the thesis were that there appears to be an effect' of physical masculinisation which is associated with father absence. This masculinisation may be the predicator for previously observed father absence effects, and the results in Part 2. As such, attachment based explanations of father absence effects (such as Belsky et al, 1991) may be redundant.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar, através de uma abordagem qualitativa, o envolvimento paterno e a experiência da paternidade no contexto da Síndrome de Down (SD). Mais especificamente, procurou-se compreender o impacto que a SD exerce sobre este envolvimento e experiência. Para tanto, foram entrevistados seis pais de crianças com SD, cujos filhos tinham idades entre 9 meses e 3 anos e 3 meses. Os resultados revelaram que os pais participavam ativamente das atividades e cuidados relativos aos filhos, sendo responsáveis por diversas tarefas concernentes a eles, embora o tempo disponível para estar com eles sofra restrições em função do trabalho. Apesar das dificuldades e preocupações que enfrentavam sobre o futuro do filho e sobre a relação com eles, os participantes avaliaram positivamente as suas experiências de paternidade. Discute-se a importância do desenvolvimento de ações que auxiliem não somente os pais, mas também as mães e o restante do sistema familiar, a lidar melhor com as particularidades advindas desta experiência, ajudando a proporcionar uma melhor qualidade de vida para estas famílias. / The aim of the present study was to investigate, through a qualitative approach, paternal involvement and paternal experience in the Down Syndrome (DS) context. More specifically, it aimed to understand the DS impact over this involvement and experience. Six parents of children with DS were interviewed, whose children were between 9 months and 3 years and 3 months. The results demonstrated that parents had been participating actively in children’s activities and caretaking, being responsible for several tasks, although the available time to be with them was restricted because of their jobs. In spite of the difficulties, the participants evaluated positively their paternal experiences. The importance of the developing policies that aid not only the fathers, but also mothers and remaining members of the family system, is discussed, with the intention of working better with the particularities of their lives, helping to provide a better life quality for these families.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A presente tese teve como objetivo central estudar a maneira como os discursos sobre casamento, família, pátrio poder, condição legal feminina foram caracterizados como comportamentos socialmente desejáveis pelos homens e mulheres pela Revista Feminina, publicada em São Paulo, e no código civil de 1916 através de uma análise comparativa das fontes. O estudo buscou pontuar as semelhanças e antagonismos entre dois discursos no intuito de encontrar vestígios dos discursos reguladores dos comportamentos sociais bem como as diferentes percepções sobre as liberdades atribuídas por uns e conferidas por outros às mulheres nas primeiras décadas do século XX: o aspecto legal do código civil, que regulava e regulamentava os efetivos direitos e deveres sociais do homem e da mulher, e o da imprensa, com suas construções de feminilidade e masculinidade específicas. / This thesis have as objective central study the way the speeches on "marriage", "family", "paternal authority", "legal condition female" were characterized as socially desirable behavior by men and women in Revista Feminina, published in Sao Paulo, and in the civil code of 1916 through a comparative analysis of sources. The study dot the similarities and antagonisms between two speeches in order to find traces of speeches regulators social behavior as well as the different perceptions about the freedoms conferred by some and conferred by other women in the first decades of the twentieth century: the legal aspect of the civil code, which regulated and control the effective social rights and duties of man and woman, and of the press, with its buildings of femininity and masculinity specific.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / No século XXI podemos caracterizar as relações por sua complexidade, o que se expressa em diferentes aspectos, como nas relações familiares, sociais, valores, crenças. Sendo assim, fatores como gênero, transgeracionalidade e a coexistência de antigos padrões e novas demandas relacionais, compõem a construção dos papéis contemporâneos. E dentre um dos mais importantes papéis desempenhados pelo homem, podemos citar o de pai, com isto. Dessa forma, com base nas necessidades e na carência de literatura sobre o papel atribuído a este novo pai, o presente trabalho pretendeu investigar os aspectos semelhantes e diferentes nas crenças de homens e mulheres de gerações distintas. Participaram desta pesquisa 100 pessoas residentes na cidade de Magé (estado do Rio de Janeiro), divididas em quatro grupos (25 por contexto: gênero e idade, grupos de 25 a 35 anos e 55 a 65 anos). O estudo incluiu questionário sociodemográfico, questionário sobre Função Paterna, aplicação da Escala sobre Crenças e Práticas Paterna (ECPP) e Escala sobre Crenças e Práticas Paterna Pretéritas (ECPP-P). Os resultados mostraram concordâncias e divergências, tanto entre os gêneros quanto entre as gerações, mas acreditamos que discussões como estas propiciam novos entendimentos acerca das práticas parentais paterna. / In the twenty-first century we can characterize the relations of its complexity, which is expressed in different ways, such as family and social relations, the values and beliefs. Thus, factors such as gender, transgenerationality and coexistence of old patterns and new relational demands, compound the construction of contemporary roles. And among the most important roles played by man, the fathers one deserves. Therefore, based on the needs and the shortage of literature about the role attributed to this "new" father, this paper was intended to investigate the similarities and differences in men and women beliefs of distinct generations. This study counted with the participation of 100 people living in the city of Magé (state of Rio de Janeiro), divided into four groups (25 per context: sex and age group, 25-35 years and 55-65 years). The study included sociodemographic questionnaire, Paternal Function questionnaire and the application of Paternal Beliefs and Practices Scale and Past-Paternal Beliefs and Practices Scale. The results show agreement and disagreement, both between genders and generations, but we believe that discussions such as these provide new understandings of paternal parenting practices.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar, através de uma abordagem qualitativa, o envolvimento paterno e a experiência da paternidade no contexto da Síndrome de Down (SD). Mais especificamente, procurou-se compreender o impacto que a SD exerce sobre este envolvimento e experiência. Para tanto, foram entrevistados seis pais de crianças com SD, cujos filhos tinham idades entre 9 meses e 3 anos e 3 meses. Os resultados revelaram que os pais participavam ativamente das atividades e cuidados relativos aos filhos, sendo responsáveis por diversas tarefas concernentes a eles, embora o tempo disponível para estar com eles sofra restrições em função do trabalho. Apesar das dificuldades e preocupações que enfrentavam sobre o futuro do filho e sobre a relação com eles, os participantes avaliaram positivamente as suas experiências de paternidade. Discute-se a importância do desenvolvimento de ações que auxiliem não somente os pais, mas também as mães e o restante do sistema familiar, a lidar melhor com as particularidades advindas desta experiência, ajudando a proporcionar uma melhor qualidade de vida para estas famílias. / The aim of the present study was to investigate, through a qualitative approach, paternal involvement and paternal experience in the Down Syndrome (DS) context. More specifically, it aimed to understand the DS impact over this involvement and experience. Six parents of children with DS were interviewed, whose children were between 9 months and 3 years and 3 months. The results demonstrated that parents had been participating actively in children’s activities and caretaking, being responsible for several tasks, although the available time to be with them was restricted because of their jobs. In spite of the difficulties, the participants evaluated positively their paternal experiences. The importance of the developing policies that aid not only the fathers, but also mothers and remaining members of the family system, is discussed, with the intention of working better with the particularities of their lives, helping to provide a better life quality for these families.

Submitted by Ana Carla Almeida (ana.almeida@ucsal.br) on 2016-09-27T18:17:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-v5.pdf: 1597171 bytes, checksum: 145e55f98948269c74054077cd465262 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Emília Carvalho Ribeiro (maria.ribeiro@ucsal.br) on 2016-09-30T22:31:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-v5.pdf: 1597171 bytes, checksum: 145e55f98948269c74054077cd465262 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-30T22:31:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-v5.pdf: 1597171 bytes, checksum: 145e55f98948269c74054077cd465262 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-23 / A presente dissertação de mestrado investigou possíveis relações entre estresse e envolvimento paterno de servidores públicos com filho(s) pequeno(s), no contexto de uma organização pública localizada em Salvador (Bahia). Para atingir tal objetivo, foi escolhida uma abordagem multimetodológica, com estratégias quantitativas e qualitativas. Participaram do estudo 30 homens que são servidores efetivos de um Órgão público, em Salvador, e pais de pelo menos um(a) filho(a) com idade entre zero e seis anos incompletos. Eles também possuem nível superior de escolaridade e ocupam cargo de especialidade compatível à sua formação. Após aprovação do estudo no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UCSal, os funcionários foram convidados, por e-mail institucional do Órgão em que atuam, a participar da investigação. Os que aceitaram assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido e preencheram o “Formulário para levantamento de dados sociodemográficos” e o “Questionário de fontes de estresse presentes no cotidiano” (ambos construídos pela pesquisadora). Além disso, também responderam o “Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp” (ISSL). Dentre os respondentes, foram escolhidos aleatoriamente cinco com estresse e outros cinco sem estresse (conforme diagnosticado por meio do ISSL), e eles participaram de entrevista na qual foi utilizado o roteiro “Conciliação entre envolvimento paterno, família e trabalho”, também elaborado pela pesquisadora. Houve análise estatística para os dados quantitativos e análise de conteúdo das respostas das questões abertas. Os principais resultados foram: pouco mais da metade dos participantes (54,0%) informou que o seu cotidiano estava permeado de muitas fontes estressoras, distribuídas nas diversas áreas do cotidiano – família, trabalho, saúde e sociedade contemporânea. Na percepção dos mesmos, as que mais interferiam negativamente no envolvimento deles com os seus filhos pequenos, foram: (a) família: “ter passado recentemente por separação/divórcio” e “dedicar pouco tempo para a família”; (b) sociedade contemporânea: “mudar de cidade” e “considerar que a sua presença com os filhos pode em parte ser substituída por produtos de consumo (presentes)”; (c) saúde: “enfrentar problemas de sono” e “adotar hábitos de vida prejudiciais à saúde (ex: fumo e sedentarismo)”; (d) trabalho: “considerar a sua carga horária de trabalho semanal excessiva”. Foi detectada a presença de quadro clínico de estresse em 53,3% dos participantes, entre os quais 50,0% encontrava-se na fase de Resistência e 3,3% na fase de Quase-exaustão. Em relação à predominância de sintomas, um pouco mais da metade dos respondentes (56,0%) apresentaram sintomas físicos e psicológicos, tendo destaque para tensão muscular, insônia, vontade súbita de iniciar novos projetos, irritabilidade excessiva e sensibilidade emotiva excessiva. Ao se comparar o envolvimento paterno de pais com estresse e sem estresse, percebeu-se que ambos os grupos referiram um alto envolvimento, em termos de interação, acessibilidade e responsabilidade. Entretanto, foram encontradas entre eles diferenças de percepção sobre os impactos dos fatores estressantes, pois enquanto o grupo de pais com estresse destacou os impactos negativos do estresse na saúde e no envolvimento com os filhos, os pais sem estresse relataram uma percepção mais positiva da vida e uma maior facilidade na conciliação de demandas profissionais e familiares. Por fim, foi evidenciada a necessidade de outros estudos que aprofundem aspectos relacionados a estresse, trabalho e envolvimento paterno bem como comparar o envolvimento tanto do pai quanto da mãe com seus filhos, tendo em vista os desafios contemporâneos postos a ambos. / This master thesis investigated possible correlations between stress and paternal involvement of public employees with their child(ren) in the context of a public organization located in Salvador (Bahia). To this end, one multi methodological approach with quantitative and qualitative strategies was chosen. The study included 30 men who were effective employees from the public organization in Salvador and fathers of at least one son or daughter aged between zero and six years incomplete. They also had higher levels of education and occupied position of specialty compatible with their education. After approval of this study by the Institutional Review Board of UCSal, employees were asked to participate in this investigation through the Institutional e-mail of the Body in which they work. Those who accepted signed the consent form and completed the "sociodemographic data" and "sources of stress present in daily life "questionnaires (both designed by the researcher). Moreover, they also responded to the "Lipp´s Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults" (ISSL). Among the participants, five were chosen with stress and five without stress (according to the diagnosis through ISSL), and they participated in interview in which we used the script "Conciliation with paternal involvement, family and work", which was also prepared by the researcher. There was statistical analysis for quantitative data and content analysis of the answers for the open questions. The main results were: a little bit more than half of the participants (54.0%) reported that their daily life was permeated with many stressful sources, distributed in several areas of daily life – family, work, health and contemporary society. According to their perception, the ones which most interfered negatively in their involvement with their children were: (a) family, "the ones that have gone through separation / divorce recently" and " have dedicated little time to the family"; (b) contemporary society: " the ones that moved to another city" and “considered that their presence can be replaced by consumer products (presents)"; (c) health, "the ones that face problems of sleep" and "adopt unhealthy lifestyle habits (e.g. smoking and sedentary lifestyle)"; (d) work, " the ones that consider their weekly working workload excessive". It was identified the presence of clinical manifestations of stress in 53.3% of participants, among which 50.0% were in resistance phase and 3.3%, in almost-exhaustion phase. Regarding to the prevalence of symptoms, a little bit more than half of respondents (56.0%) had physical and psychological symptoms with emphasis on muscle tension, insomnia, sudden urge to start new projects, excessive irritability and excessive emotional sensitivity. Comparing paternal involvement of fathers with stress and without stress, it was noticed that both groups reported a high involvement in terms of interaction, accessibility and responsibility. However, it was found among them differences of perception on the impact of stressful sources, because while the group of fathers with stress highlighted the negative impact of stress on health and involvement with children, parents without stress reported a perception more positive of life and had a greater facility to conciliate work and family demands. Finally, it is showed the need of more studies to investigate aspects related to stress, work and paternal involvement and to compare the involvement of both fathers and mothers with their children, given the contemporary challenges posed to both.

Orientador : Neide Aparecida de Souza Lehfeld / Resumo: O trabalho que ora apresentamos procura identificar o processo de trabalho do Assistente Social no âmbito do Poder Judiciário, especificamente nos processos judiciais de destituição do pátrio poder. A investigação foi realizada no Fórum Judicial da Comarca de Campo Grande e no Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, com base na pesquisa documental e análise de conteúdo. Foi possível constatar que o Serviço Social, como um saber e atuação especializados dentro da divisão sócio-técnica do trabalho, tem o seu espaço legitimado no Poder Judiciário, dando suporte às decisões judiciais. No entanto, sua intervenção, ao atender prioritariamente a demanda institucional, contribui para a reprodução das relações de dominação exercidas na sociedade capitalista burguesa, em detrimento da efetivação do projeto ético-político profissional, construído pelo coletivo da categoria, com uma direção social que objetiva a ampliação dos direitos sociais. A análise dos processos judiciais propiciou, ainda, o conhecimento dos trâmites judiciais e a constatação de procedimentos que violaram direitos garantidos na legislação. Os quais poderiam anular as sentenças judiciais. / Abstract: This work intends to identify the job process of the social worker concerning the Justice Power, focused on the judicial proceedings of deprivation of paternal power. The research was based on judicial documents and content analysis from Judiciary District of Campo Grande and the Justice Tribunal of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul,. It is possible to verify that the Social Service, as a knowledge and role focused on social-technical work, has its granted space in the Justice Power giving support to judicial decisions. However, this interference, to attend primarily the institutional demand, contributes to continuity of domination relationships existing in the Capitalistic Society for detriment of the ethic-political professional project built by the category, that has a social direction toward the extension of the social rights. The judicial proceeding analysis also allowed the knowledge acquisition of the judicial means and the perception of procedures that have violated rights granted from legislation, that in some cases, could even invalidate some judicial sentences. / Mestre