Administradores de saúde estão preocupados com a persistente elevação dos gastos com saúde. Um problema econômico, social e médico. Objetivando estudar as características das pessoas que produzem gastos elevados com saúde, tomou-se a população de um plano de saúde, identificou-se 1% dos casos que mais gastaram com assistência médico-hospitalar e analisou-se a distribuição por idade, sexo, natureza dos gastos, diagnósticos e o impacto no custo do plano. Os resultados revelaram que a idade é importante fator associado ao gasto elevado, que materiais e medicamentos constituíram a maior fração do gasto e os diagnósticos associados mais freqüentes foram doenças do aparelho circulatório e neoplasias malignas. A fração selecionada de 1% foi responsável por 36,2% da despesa e gastaram em média 56,3 vezes mais que os demais / Healthcare managers are concerned with the persistent increasing of healthcare expenditure. An economics, social and medical problem. The objective of this study was to know the characteristics of the population that could predict high medical expenditure. It was selectec the 1% of customers (assisted by an healthcare plan) that generated the highest expenditures. The distribution by age, sex, kind of expenditure, diagnoses and the impact in insurance cost were analyzed. The results showed that the age is important associated factor, medical supplies and drugs were mainly responsible for expenditure. The main diagnose associated with high expenditure were circulatory diseases and cancer was the second. The 1% selected customers generated 36.2% of the total expenditure of their healthcare plan, and spent 56.3 times more than others customers, on average

Estudar a obra novelística de Luigi Pirandello é um modo de entender não apenas as razões que o levaram a ser um dos mais importantes escritores italianos do século XX, mas também o papel de cada um de nós no mundo e na vida. As novelas, baseadas em pequenos acontecimentos cotidianos, formam um grande mosaico da existência humana: uma nota no jornal, um amor acabado ou ainda nem começado, um simples gesto ou o apito de um trem, são situações que despertam a imaginação do autor e nas quais muitas vezes nos reconhecemos. Dramaturgo e romancista de sucesso, Pirandello nunca deixou de escrever novelas: foram 251 ao longo de sua carreira. Para ele, a novela era o espaço íntimo, insubstituível, reservado para a discussão existencial empreendida pelos seus personagens em uma época tão inquieta como o início do século XX. As novelas, reunidas no projeto Novelle per un anno, são de vital importância para se compreender a evolução das preocupações do autor e representam a base de seu pensamento. As últimas novelas, principalmente, trazem novas chaves de interpretação ao conjunto da obra e mostram um escritor novo e muito mais inquietante, que muitas vezes a crítica não soube reconhecer. Traçar a trajetória do Pirandello novelista, ou novellaro, como ele se definia, relacionando-a com os outros aspectos de sua carreira literária, de seu pensamento e da época que ele tão bem retratou, é o objetivo deste trabalho. / To study Pirandellos short story is a means not only of understanding the reason why he became one of the most important Italian writers of the twentieth century but also the role we play in the world and life. His short stories, based on ordinary events, make the great mosaic of our lives a piece of news, a love that has broken up or not even started, a gesture, a train whistle; situations that drive his thoughts, where many times we recognize ourselves. Successful play writer and novelist, Pirandello never stopped writing short stories: 251 along all his work life. According to Pirandello, a short story was the intimate, unique place, intended for the existential debates of his characters in the hard times of the beginning of the twentieth century. The short stories, brought together in the project Novelle per un anno, are of great importance to understand the evolution of the authors worries and represent the basis of his thought. The last short stories mainly bring new tools for interpretation to Pirandellos work and show a new, much more disturbing writer, many times not acknowledged by critics. To follow the course of the short-story writer Pirandello or novellaro, as he used to call himself connected with other aspects of his literary life, thought, and the time he described so well, is the focus of this work.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-26T14:26:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ananiasvitorluissantos.pdf: 2006906 bytes, checksum: f4fc2a7a883f64065d6c8b4a497956c1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-27T11:29:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ananiasvitorluissantos.pdf: 2006906 bytes, checksum: f4fc2a7a883f64065d6c8b4a497956c1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T11:29:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ananiasvitorluissantos.pdf: 2006906 bytes, checksum: f4fc2a7a883f64065d6c8b4a497956c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-03 / A criação do Programa de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) em 1996 teve como um dos objetivos a geração de renda. Desde então, este programa passou a ser constantemente estudado, porém de forma não conclusiva. O objetivo dessa dissertação é analisar os possíveis efeitos do PRONAF no desenvolvimento social da população rural, bem como verificar a contribuição das cooperativas como potencializadoras do programa. Os dados utilizados são provenientes dos Censos Demográficos do IBGE de 2000 e de 2010, dos Censos Agropecuários de 1996 e de 2006, do Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano dos Municípios e do Banco Central. A metodologia utilizada para as análises é a de estimação de modelos econométricos para dados em painel. De forma geral, os resultados indicam que o PRONAF teve efeito positivo sobre a renda per capita rural dos municípios, quando este atendeu um maior número de produtores. Porém os resultados sugerem que gerou efeitos negativos na permanência de crianças e adolescentes na escola. Nota-se ainda que nem o número de cooperativas, nem a proporção estabelecimentos cooperados mostraram efeitos nas variáveis dependentes estudadas. Quando são feitas as interações entre a proporção de cooperados e valor do crédito do PRONAF, verifica-se um efeito positivo para a renda e negativo na frequência escolar. Porém, a interação entre proporção de cooperados e número de contratos do PRONAF, mostra o efeito inverso, com efeitos negativos na renda e positivos na frequência escolar. Enfim, sugere-se que sejam feitas intervenções visando uma utilização mais qualificada dos recursos. / The Brazilian Program for Strengthening Family Farming (PRONAF) was created in 1996 with the aim of generating income. Since then, this program has been constantly studied but without conclusive results. The target of this dissertation is to analyze the possible effects of PRONAF on social development of the rural population, and to verify the contribution of cooperatives to the results of the program. The data used are from the Demographic Census of 2000 and 2010 from IBGE, the Agricultural Censuses of 1996 and 2006, from the Atlas of Human Development of the Municipalities and from the Brazilian Central Bank. The methodology used for the analysis is the estimation of econometric models for panel data. Overall, the results indicate that the PRONAF had a positive effect on rural per capita income of the municipalities, when it benefits a larger number of producers. But the results suggest that the PRONAF generated negative effects on the permanence of children and adolescents in school. Note also that neither the number of cooperative members nor proportion establishments of cooperative members showed effects on dependent variables. The interaction between the proportion of cooperative members and credit value of PRONAF shows a positive effect on income and negative in the school frequency. However, the interaction between the proportion of members and number of PRONAF contracts shows the reverse effect, with negative effects on income and positive at school attendance. Finally it is suggested that interventions are made order to make most qualified use of resources.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:06:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_elisane_weber_tessmann.pdf: 1299023 bytes, checksum: c5038dbcab7cd7e9fc469361c851041e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-24 / Wheat is among the most important cereal crops in the world, being significant in the daily diet of large parts of Europe, Americas and Oceania. Brazil is not self-sufficient in this crop, producing less than half of the national demand. Several genetic and environmental factors affect wheat yield. The interaction among genotype and environment results in differential yield response depending of environmental conditions. Thus, the assessment of recommended cultivars and populations formed by the crosses between them, become important tools in helping selection of superior populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate elite cultivars and segregating populations. The assessment was focused on traits influencing yield in order to indicate promising combinations to wheat breeding programs. The experiment was conducted in the winter of 2012, in the Palma experimental farm (CGF/FAEM/UFPel), located in Capão do Leão RS/ Brazil. Parental lines, hybrids (F1) and segregating populations (F2) were sown in a randomized block design with three replications. The experimental units consisted of two 3 meters long lines with 0.3 meters spacing between plants and between lines, with 15 plants per line. The population F1 was obtained in the winter of 2011 and one generation was advanced in greenhouse in 2011/2012 warm season. The following traits were evaluated: plant height (PH); leaf spot (LS); number of spikes per plant (NSP); spike length (SL); spike weight (SW); kernels per spike (KPS); kernels weight per spike (KWPS); spike harvest index (SHI) and plant yield (PY). The analysis of variance showed significant differences for all traits studied. The multiple comparisons of means showed similar behavior for the characters PH, NSP, KPS, SHI and PY. The SL formed two groups where the best group was formed by cultivars: CD 104, Marfim, Nova Era, Ônix, Safira and Tibagi. The cultivars CD 104, Cristalino, Marfim, Nova Era and Raízes were superior regard to SW. The dendrogram formed divided the cultivars into seven groups: group I formed by Abalone; group II by Tibagi; group III by Ônix and Safira; group IV by CD 120; group V by cultivars CD 104 and Nova Era; group VI by Cristalino and Raízes, and group VII formed by Marfim. All populations tested (parents, hybrids and F2) showed differential performance in the assessed traits. Some populations were superior just in F1 (CD 104 x Raízes), others superiors just in F2 (Cristalino x Safira, Nova Era x Raízes), others superiors in F1 and F2 (CD 104 x Nova Era, Abalone x Nova Era), and others inferiors in F1 and F2 (Abalone x Tibagi). Just three combinations showed some characters with significant heterosis, where the combination between Abalone and Nova Era showed high values to NSP (108%), SW (40.62%), KWPS (47.55%) and PY (207.37%). Heritability was higher among families than within families, within blocks or individual based. The higher heritability was 70% for PH. Heritability for the traits studied suggests that the selection must be made in advanced generations; moreover, the selection will be more efficient if performed among families. / O trigo atualmente se encontra entre os cereais mais produzidos no mundo, fazendo parte da alimentação diária de grande parte da população da Europa, Américas e Oceania. O Brasil não é autosuficiente nessa cultura, produzindo menos da metade da demanda nacional. Diversos fatores influenciam na produtividade, sendo eles tanto de ordem genética quanto ambiental. A interação entre genótipo e ambiente, faz com que o rendimento responda de forma diferencial dependendo assim das condições ambientais de cultivo. Desta forma, a avaliação do comportamento de cultivares recomendadas para cultivo, bem como da população formada pelos cruzamentos entre elas, se faz importante a fim de contribuir na seleção de populações superiores, que apresentem adaptação à região associado à elevada produtividade. Frente ao exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de cultivares elite, bem como o comportamento das populações segregantes formadas a partir dessas cultivares para caracteres importantes para o rendimento de grãos, visando indicar combinações promissoras para o Programa de Melhoramento de Trigo. O experimento foi conduzido na safra agrícola de 2012, no campo experimental da Palma, pertencente ao Centro de Genômica e Fitomelhoramento (CGF/FAEM/UFPel), localizado na Capão do Leão RS, onde foram semeados os hibridos (F1), população segregante (F2) e os pais. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados com três repetições, sendo a unidade experimental composta por duas linhas de três metros, espaçadas 0,3 m entre plantas e entre linhas, com um total de 15 plantas por linha. A população F1 foi obtida na estação fria do ano de 2011, e o avanço de geração foi realizado em casa de vegetação na estação quente de 2011/2012. No experimento foi avaliado os seguintes caracteres: estatura de planta (EST), mancha da folha (MF), número de espigas por planta (NEP), comprimento de espiga (CE), massa de espiga (ME), número de grãos por espiga (NGE), massa de grãos por espiga (MGE), índice de colheita por espiga (ICE) e rendimento de grãos por planta (RGP); totalizando 4500 plantas avaliadas. A análise de variância evidenciou diferença significativa para todos os caracteres estudados. Na análise de médias as cultivares apresentaram comportamento similar para os caracteres EST, NEP, NGE, ICE e RGP. Para CE foram formados dois grupos, sendo o melhor grupo formado por CD 104, Marfim, Nova Era, Ônix, Safira e Tibagi. As cultivares CD 104, Cristalino, Marfim, Nova Era e Raízes apresentaram comportamento superior para ME. O dendrograma formado dividiu as cultivares em sete grupos: grupo I formado por Abalone; grupo II por Tibagi; grupo III por Ônix e Safira; grupo IV por CD 120; grupo V com as cultivares CD 104 e Nova Era, grupo VI por Cristalino e Raízes; e grupo VII formado por Marfim. Todas as populações testadas (pais, híbridos e F2) apresentaram comportamento diferencial perantes os caracteres avaliados. Algumas populações foram superiores apenas na F1 (CD 104 x Raízes), superiores apenas em F2 (Cristalino x Safira, Nova Era x Raízes), superiores em F1 e F2 (CD 104 x Nova Era, Abalone x Nova Era), e inferiores em F1 e F2 (Abalone x Tibagi). Apenas três combinações apresentaram alguns caracteres em heterose, sendo a combinação entre Abalone e Nova Era a que apresentou valores elevados para NEP (108%), ME (40,62%), MGE (47,55%) e RGP (207,37%). A herdabilidade mostrou-se maior entre progênies do que dentro da progênie, dentro do bloco ou no indivíduo. A maior herdabilidade foi de 70% para estatura de planta. A herdabilidade dos caracteres estudados sugere que a seleção deve ser realizada em gerações mais avançadas, além disso, a seleção será mais eficiente se realizada entre progênies.

El presente trabajo busca cuantificar la importancia socioeconómica de siete rasgos fonéticos (seseo, yeísmo, aspiración de /s/, aspiración de /x/, asibilación de /ʝ/, asibilación de /r/ y velarización de /n/), cuya presencia o ausencia sirve para caracterizar veinticuatro dialectos del idioma español. Para ello se efectúa un análisis de regresión por mínimos cuadrados que sirve para calcular “precios hedónicos” asociados con tales rasgos fonéticos. El resultado es +que las tres características más significativas que parecen operar como signos de un ingreso per cápita más bajo son el seseo, la aspiración de /x/ y la asibilación de /r/. El primero de tales rasgos parece ser también significativo como marcador sociolingüístico cuando limitamos nuestro análisis al caso de España, en tanto que la asibilación de /r/ mantiene su significación cuando restringimos nuestras observaciones al caso de Colombia. / This paper tries to quantify the socioeconomic importance of seven phonetic characteristics (seseo, yeismo, /s/-aspiration, /x/-aspiration, /ʝ/-assibilation, /r/-assibilation, and /n/-velarization) whose presence or absence allows distinguishing among twenty-four Spanish dialects. In order to accomplish this goal, we perform a least-square regression analysis to calculate “hedonic prices” for the abovementioned characteristics. The result is that the three more significant characteristics, which seem to operate as signs of a lower per-capita income, are seseo, /x/-aspiration and /r/-assibilation. The first of those characteristics keeps its statistical significance as a sociolinguistic marker when we restrict our analysis to the case of Spain, while /r/-assibilation keeps its statistical significance when we restrict our database to Colombian observations.

I kampen om marknaden är det nödvändigt att vara konkurrenskraftig, ett av verktygen för att ta sig dit är att ha en hög produktivitet i verksamheten. Ett effektivt sätt att nå en hög produktivitet är att använda sig av mätningar. Dessa kan vara finansiella och icke-finansiella beroende på de mål som fastställts av ledningen. Mätningar och dess resultat kan följas upp för utvärdering och för vidare utveckling som sedan kan användas som underlag för företagsledningens måluppsättning.  Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur icke-finansiella produktivitetsmätningar på lämpligast sätt kan utföras på projektnivå inom de tänkbara områdena kapacitetsutnyttjande, kvalitet och mängd/tidsenhet. För att få fram material till detta arbete ställs följande frågor: Vad är produktivitet? Hur mäts produktivitet inom byggprojekten idag? Vilka produktivitetsmått kan lämpligast användas i projekt? Målet med rapporten är att: Ta fram ett eller fler användbara mätningsförslag till Skanska Region Hus Stockholm Syd. Metodmässigt har detta examensarbete behandlats med hjälp av litteraturstudier och intervjuer med medarbetare vars befattningar har kopplingar till ämnet. Intresse för mätningar har upptäckts främst ligga inom området kvalitet. För att säkerställa att den efterfrågade kvaliteten tillhandahålls har det diskuterats kring systematiserade egenkontroller. I Skanskas ledningssystem, VSAA (Vårt Sätt Att Arbeta), presenteras en mall för utförandet av egenkontroller, utifrån intervjuerna tolkar skribenterna att man på projekten inte använder sig av mallen på ett systematiskt sätt. I kapitlet Analys och resultat har det getts förslag på ett tillvägagångsätt för utförandet och sammanställning av egenkontroller.     Resultaten från intervjuerna visar att Skanska Region Hus Stockholm Syd inte utför direkta mätningar av produktivitet. Istället utförs avstämningar av tidplaner och kostnadskalkyler. Önskvärt från de intervjuade är införandet av en process att följa för att underlätta för mätningar på projekten. Ett förslag på ett arbetssätt vid projektering har diskuterats i kapitlet Analys och resultat. / To attract the market it is necessary to be competitive, one of the tools is to have a high productivity in the operations. An effective way is the use of measurements. These can be financial and non-financial depending on the goals set from the management. Measurements and the results can be used for evaluations and further development which then can be useful as a basis for management's goals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the non-financial productivity measurements in the most suitable way that can be used at the projects with the possible areas of capacity utilization, quality and quantity/time unit. The following questions been treated in order to obtain material for this work: ● What is productivity? ● How is productivity measured in construction projects today? ● What measures of productivity can be suitably used in the project? The goal of this report is to: ● Find useful measurement proposals for Skanska Region Hus Stockholm Syd. This thesis in terms of method is dealt with literature studies and interviews with employees of whom positions have connections to the subject. Interest in the measurements have been discovered mainly be in the range of quality, it has been discussed about the systematic controls as a way to ensure a higher quality. In VSAA, a model for the performance of controls is presented. The writers view, based on the interviews, is that the template is not used in a systematic way. There have also been suggestions of an approach for the execution and compilation of controls. The result of the interviews shows that Skanska Region Hus Stockholm Syd do not perform any systematic measurements. Reconciliations of timetables and costing is performed instead. It is desirable to create an introduction of a process to follow in order to an easier platform for the measurements of the projects. A proposal on an approach for planning has been discussed in the analysis.

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the use of Global Positioning Satellite system (GPS) technology, consequently the usage of GPS receivers has increased. These GPS receivers can be used as a synchronization source for radio base stations by generating precise 1 pulse per second signals and providing National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) data. The prototype developed in this thesis, implements a GPS receiver emulator to emulate a GPS receiver which is to be used for radio base station synchronization. Hardware and software have been used to generate the NMEA messages and to generate a precise 1 pulse per second signal. A graphical user interface (GUI) has been created in order to allow the operators of the emulator to input various parameters to the system used to emulate a GPS receiver. Using this emulator avoids the need for expensive GPS receivers and their connection to an antenna with a good view of the GPS satellites. More importantly, this GPS receiver emulator makes it easier to set up a lab environment for testing different situations with regard to signaling with NMEA data between the emulated GPS receiver and the radio base station equipment that is under test. For example, this allows tests involving incorrect NEMA messages or non once per second pulses. / De senaste åren har det skett en significant ökning av användandet av GPS teknik; följdaktligen har användandet av GPS mottagare ökat. GPS mottagare kan användas som en synkroniseringskälla för radiobasstationer genom att generera exakt 1 puls per sekund och därmed förse NMEA datan. Prototypen som utvecklats i detta examensarbete, implementerar en GPS emulator för att erbjuda en effektiv lösning till att emulera en GPS mottagare som används för synkronisering av basstationer. Olika hårdvara och mjukvara har använts för att simulera NMEA meddelanden och för att generera en precis 1 puls per sekund signal. Ett grafiskt gränssnitt (GUI) har utvecklats för att tillåta användaren av emulatorn att mata in olika parametrar till systemet som används för att emulera GPS mottagaren. Användandet av den här emulatorn tar bort behovet av dyra GPS mottagare, och gör det enklare att sätta upp en labbmiljö för testandet av olika situationer med hänsyn till signalering mellan 1 puls per sekund och NMEA datan av den simulerade GPS mottagaren och basstationshårdvaran som testas.

Dividend policy is widely researched in financial management, but determining whether it affects the market price per share is difficult. There has been much published on the subject, which presented theories such as the Modigliani, Miller, Gordon, Lintner, Walter and Richardson propositions and the relevance and irrelevance theories. However, little research has been done on the impact of dividend policy on shareholders’ wealth while considering the short- and long-run effects. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was used to describe the short-run and long-run dynamics or the adjustment of the cointegrated variables towards their equilibrium values in South Africa. This study attempts to explain the effect of dividend policy on the market price per share. A sample of 46 companies listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE) was selected for the period 1995-2010. Three variables were used, namely the market price per share, the dividend per share and the earnings per share. The market price per share was used as a proxy in measuring shareholders’ wealth and the dividend per share was used as a proxy in measuring the dividend policy. Fixed and random effects models were applied to panel data to determine the relation between dividend policy and market price per share. The fixed effects method was used to control the stable characteristics of the companies over a fixed period. The random effects model was applied when the companies’ characteristics differed. Results for both models indicated that dividend yield is positively related to market price per share, while earnings per share do not have a significant impact on the market price per share. To test the strength of the long-run relationship, the VECM was applied. The coefficient for dividend per share in the co-integrating equation was positive, while the coefficient for earnings per share was negative. This confirms previous research findings. The results suggest that there is a long-run relationship between dividend per share and market price per share. The Granger causality test indicates there is bi-directional Granger causality between market price per share and dividend per share in South Africa. Therefore dividend policy does have a significant long-run impact on the share price and therefore provides a signal about the company’s financial success. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Financial Management / Unrestricted

No description available.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of anthropogenic aliphatic compounds, widelyknown for their environmental persistence and toxicity to living beings. While they are ubiquitous in theenvironment, interest has been focused on contaminated soil, which can act as a primary recipient andsource of groundwater contamination. Electrokinetic technology is based on the movement of ionsunder the effect of an electric field. This could be a promising remediation solution, since PFASs areusually present in their anionic form. The contaminants can then be concentrated towards the anode,thus reducing a plume’s volume and possibly extracting the substances from soil. The preliminary aimof the present study was to evaluate the potential of using electrodialysis for the remediation of PFAScontaminatedsoil for the first time. Experiments were run with natural contaminated soil samples,originating from a fire-fighting training site at Arlanda Airport, and at Kallinge, Sweden, as well as inartificially spikedsoil. Electrodes were placed in electrolyte-filled chambers and separated by the soilwith ion-exchange membranes for pH-control. In total, five experiments were conducted. Two differentsetups were tested, a typical 3-compartment EKR cell and a 2-compartment setup, to allow for pHincrease and facilitate PFAS desorption. Two different current densities were tested; 0.19 mA cm-2 and0.38 mA cm-2. After twenty-one days, soil was cut in ten parts lengthwise and triplicate samples wereanalysed for PFAS concentrations, with HPLC-MS/MS. Sixteen out of the twenty-six screened PFASswere detected above MDL in the natural soil samples. The majority of the detected PFASs showed apositive trend of electromigration towards the anode, under both current densities, with only longerchainedcompounds (c>8) being immobile. This can be attributed to the stronger sorption potential oflong-chained PFAS molecules, as has been reported in previous sorption studies. Mass balancedistribution for a high current density (0.38 mA cm-2) experiment revealed that 73.2% of Σ26PFAS wasconcentrated towards the anode, with 59% at the soil closer to the anode, 5.7% at the anion exchangemembrane and 8.5% at the anolyte. It also showed higher mobility for short-chained molecules (c≤6),as they were the only compounds to be extracted from soil and be concentrated in the anolyte. Highercurrent densities were not directly correlated with higher electromigration rates, as to the lack of massbalance data for the low current density experiments. Regardless, electrodialysis could be a viable optionfor PFAS soil remediation and further research to encourage the understanding of the migrationmechanism, as well as combination with other treatment methods is encouraged. / Per- och polyfluoralkylsubstanser (PFAS) är en grupp av antropogena alifatiska föreningar, allmäntkända för sin miljöpåverkan och toxicitet för levande varelser. Medan de är allestädes närvarande imiljön har intresset varit inriktat på förorenad mark, som kan fungera som primär mottagare och källatill grundvattenförorening. Elektrokinetisk teknik är baserad på jonernas rörelse under effekten av ettelektriskt fält. Detta kan vara en lovande lösningsmedel, eftersom PFAS är vanligtvis närvarande i sinanjoniska form. Föroreningarna kan sedan koncentreras mot anoden, vilket reducerar en plums volymoch eventuellt extraherar ämnena från jorden. Det preliminära målet med den föreliggande studien varatt utvärdera potentialen att använda elektrodialys för sanering av PFAS-förorenad jord för förstagången. Experimenten kördes med naturliga förorenade jordprover, härrörande från enbrandbekämpningsplats vid Arlanda flygplats, och i Kallinge, Sverige, samt i konstgjort spikedsol.Elektroder placerades i elektrolytfyllda kamrar och separerades av jorden med jonbytesmembran förpH-kontroll. Totalt genomfördes fem experiment. Två olika inställningar testades, en typisk 3-facksEKR-cell och en 2-facksinställning, vilket möjliggör pH-ökning och underlättar PFAS-desorption. Tvåolika strömtätheter testades; 0,19 mA cm-2 och 0,38 mA cm-2. Efter tjugo dagar skärs jorden i tio delari längdriktningen och trippelprover analyserades för PFAS-koncentrationer, med HPLC-MS / MS.Sexton av de tjugosex screenade PFAS: erna detekterades över MDL i de naturliga markproverna.Majoriteten av de upptäckta PFAS-värdena visade en positiv trend av elektromigration mot anodenunder båda strömtätheten, varvid endast längre kedjiga föreningar (c> 8) var immobila. Detta kanhänföras till den starkare sorptionspotentialen hos långkedjiga PFAS-molekyler, vilket har rapporteratsi tidigare sorptionsstudier. Massbalansfördelning för ett experiment med hög strömtäthet (0,38 mA cm-2) visade att 73,2% av Σ26PFAS koncentrerades mot anoden, med 59% vid jorden närmare anoden, 5,7%vid anjonbytarmembranet och 8,5% vid anolyten. Det visade också högre rörlighet för kortkedjigamolekyler (c≤6), eftersom de var de enda föreningarna som skulle extraheras från jord och koncentrerasi anolyten. Högre strömtätheter var inte direkt korrelerade med högre elektromigrationshastigheter,avseende bristen på massbalansdata för experimenten med låg strömtäthet. Oavsett elektrodialys kandet vara ett lönsamt alternativ för PFAS-markrening och ytterligare forskning för att uppmuntraförståelsen för migrationsmekanismen, liksom kombinationen med andra behandlingsmetoder främjas.