<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Billions of people are living without access to safe hygienic means of personal sanitation. The sanitation gap is wide in developing countries where more people are increasingly becoming urbanised. Sanitation related diseases are some of the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among the population in developing countries especially children under age of 5 years. The responsible institutions are faced with challenge to provide suitable and affordable services to this increasing population. In Uganda, the urban poor are residing in the peri urban areas with inadequate sanitation facilities. The provision of conventional sanitation facilities are seen not be sustainable options due to contamination of both surface and underground water sources, congested housing structure and at the same time makes recycling and reuse of nutrients difficult.</p><p>This study investigated attitudes towards urine diverting toilets in one of the peri urban areas in Kampala, with the aim of finding out strategies to improve on awareness of ecological sanitation as well as popularise their use as alternative sanitation. Respondents’ views were collected through face to face interviews with 40 household respondents using a semi structured questionnaire and field observations of the household’s toilet in use as well as solid waste disposal. Four focus group discussions and 6 key informant interviews were also performed.</p><p>The respondents’ acceptance of the urine diverting toilets was relatively positive. Most of the respondents reported that the ecosan toilets are a viable option due to congested housing pattern, desire to own a toilet (for those who never had a toilet before), improved privacy, and convenience among other factors. Respondents who have no urine diverting toilets also preferred urine diverting toilets and expressed their willingness to replicate them. It was also found that residents in Kamwokya II parish prefer a double vault design to one which uses bucket. The findings also reveal that reuse of sanitized urine and faecal matter within the community is not possible since there is no space for urban agriculture. However, the respondents acknowledged a willingness to eat or buy food from a garden fertilized with sanitized urine and faecal matter. It was also found that there are no cultural and religious beliefs against reuse of sanitized urine and faecal matter. Some challenges that affected implementation of the pilot project were people’s reluctance to adopt at the beginning, delayed completion of some facilities and part time employees. Currently there is limited replication of toilets because of low cash income among the residents, delayed completion of some facilities and sceptical views by some residents.</p><p>Among the difficulties faced in use of toilet include forgetfulness by some people to spray ash after defecating, misplaced water entering the toilet vault during cleaning, children playing with the urine container etc. The provision for anal cleansing for Muslims, squat hole covers, closed urine chamber among others were suggested for system improvements. The study recommends more awareness campaigns through social marketing of toilet and reuse of nutrients, modification of design, government’s commitment and household change of behaviours are fundamental for encouraging more adoption and replication of the toilets.</p>

<p>Zambia is a highly urbanized country with 60% of its urban population residing in low cost areas also called peri-urban, slum or informal settlements. The increase in urban population attributed to rapid migration and urbanization due to political and economic changes has taken a toll on service provision as the infrastructure development and service provision has failed to meet the demand. For the 33 peri-urban areas in Lusaka, the water supply and sanitation has been poor, inadequate and unreliable with the coverage being slightly above 50% for water while 90% of the urban population does not have access to the much needed sanitation. The low coverage is a result of lack the financial capacity on the part of the service providers to extend services to un served areas.</p><p>This research focuses on the strategies to provide sustainable water and sanitation services to peri-urban areas to ensure improved accessibility through the expansion of infrastructure and attainment of full cost recovery. In this era of increasing migration to unplanned settlements where the services are inadequate, alternatives to public provision of water and sanitation services need to be put in place. One of the alternatives is the public-private partnership which encompasses the society, private and the civil society. As has been found in the study the best alternative should not only be completely bottom up but should also be more demand driven and be able to provide for greater contributions from the affected communities.</p><p>The hypothesis of the study is to ascertain if provision of water supply to the Peri-Urban Areas (PUAs) can be achieved through the partnership between the water utility and the small scale water providers. Therefore, the objectives of the research are to: evaluate and compare the current service provision to the peri-urban areas by the utility and small scale providers in terms of technical, social and institutional arrangements and determine the best way of ensuring sustained service provision to peri urban areas and show how partnership can be the best solution to improving service delivery to these areas.</p><p>Service provision in PUAs can not be achieved without the involvement of all the stakeholders especially the community who are also the users and whose major role is paying for the service to enhance sustainability. In this study the Small Scale Water Providers (SSWP) users were found to be satisfied with the service provided than the utility users who felt that more needed to be done. The two providers are found to have different strengths which when combined would enhance service provision. The collaboration between utility with its competence in water supply, technical installations, water quality testing and SSWP with theirs in community involvement, cost recovery, effective operation and maintenance and demand driven water schemes have to be merged to achieve the intended goal and it is also an indication that the two can complement each other. Utility should therefore consider opening investment accounts for all the areas so as to detach PUAs needs from the general plan and eventually budget as they would be self sustaining and enhance willingness to pay for the users. The SSWP should therefore be viewed as partners by all and licensing should be considered by the government for the benefit of the urban poor.</p>

<p>Zambia is a highly urbanized country with 60% of its urban population residing in low cost areas also called peri-urban, slum or informal settlements. The increase in urban population attributed to rapid migration and urbanization due to political and economic changes has taken a toll on service provision as the infrastructure development and service provision has failed to meet the demand. For the 33 peri-urban areas in Lusaka, the water supply and sanitation has been poor, inadequate and unreliable with the coverage being slightly above 50% for water while 90% of the urban population does not have access to the much needed sanitation. The low coverage is a result of lack the financial capacity on the part of the service providers to extend services to un served areas.</p><p>This research focuses on the strategies to provide sustainable water and sanitation services to peri-urban areas to ensure improved accessibility through the expansion of infrastructure and attainment of full cost recovery. In this era of increasing migration to unplanned settlements where the services are inadequate, alternatives to public provision of water and sanitation services need to be put in place. One of the alternatives is the public-private partnership which encompasses the society, private and the civil society. As has been found in the study the best alternative should not only be completely bottom up but should also be more demand driven and be able to provide for reater contributions from the affected communities.</p><p>The hypothesis of the study is to ascertain if provision of water supply to the Peri-Urban Areas (PUAs) can be achieved through the partnership between the water utility and the small scale water providers. Therefore, the objectives of the research are to: evaluate and compare the current service provision to the peri-urban areas by the utility and small scale providers in terms of technical, social and institutional arrangements and determine the best way of ensuring sustained service provision to peri urban areas and show how partnership can be the best solution to improving service delivery to these areas.</p><p>Service provision in PUAs can not be achieved without the involvement of all the stakeholders especially the community who are also the users and whose major role is paying for the service to enhance sustainability. In this study the Small Scale Water Providers (SSWP) users were found to be satisfied with the service provided than the utility users who felt that more needed to be done. The two providers are found to have different strengths which when combined would enhance service provision. The collaboration between utility with its competence in water supply, technical installations, water quality testing and SSWP with theirs in community involvement, cost recovery, effective operation and maintenance and demand driven water schemes have to be merged to achieve the intended goal and it is also an indication that the two can complement each other. Utility should therefore consider opening investment accounts for all the areas so as to detach PUAs needs from the general plan and eventually budget as they would be self sustaining and enhance  illingness to pay for the users. The SSWP should therefore be viewed as partners by all and licensing should be considered by the government for the benefit of the urban poor.</p>

<p>Zambia is a highly urbanized country with 60% of its urban population residing in low cost areas also called peri-urban, slum or informal settlements. The increase in urban population attributed to rapid migration and urbanization due to political and economic changes has taken a toll on service provision as the infrastructure development and service provision has failed to meet the demand. For the 33 peri-urban areas in Lusaka, the water supply and sanitation has been poor, inadequate and unreliable with the coverage being slightly above 50% for water while 90% of the urban population does not have access to the much needed sanitation. The low coverage is a result of lack the financial capacity on the part of the service providers to extend services to un served areas.</p><p>This research focuses on the strategies to provide sustainable water and sanitation services to peri-urban areas to ensure improved accessibility through the expansion of infrastructure and attainment of full cost recovery. In this era of increasing migration to unplanned settlements where the services are inadequate, alternatives to public provision of water and sanitation services need to be put in place. One of the alternatives is the public-private partnership which encompasses the society, private and the civil society. As has been found in the study the best alternative should not only be completely bottom up but should also be more demand driven and be able to provide for greater contributions from the affected communities.</p><p>The hypothesis of the study is to ascertain if provision of water supply to the Peri-Urban Areas (PUAs) can be achieved through the partnership between the water utility and the small scale water providers. Therefore, the objectives of the research are to: evaluate and compare the current service provision to the peri-urban areas by the utility and small scale providers in terms of technical, social and institutional arrangements and determine the best way of ensuring sustained service provision to peri urban areas and show how partnership can be the best solution to improving service delivery to these areas.</p><p>Service provision in PUAs can not be achieved without the involvement of all the stakeholders especially the community who are also the users and whose major role is paying for the service to enhance sustainability. In this study the Small Scale Water Providers (SSWP) users were found to be satisfied with the service provided than the utility users who felt that more needed to be done. The two providers are found to have different strengths which when combined would enhance service provision. The collaboration between utility with its competence in water supply, technical installations, water quality testing and SSWP with theirs in community involvement, cost recovery, effective operation and maintenance and demand driven water schemes have to be merged to achieve the intended goal and it is also an indication that the two can complement each other. Utility should therefore consider opening investment accounts for all the areas so as to detach PUAs needs from the general plan and eventually budget as they would be self sustaining and enhance willingness to pay for the users. The SSWP should therefore be viewed as partners by all and licensing should be considered by the government for the benefit of the urban poor.</p>

Denna uppsats ämnar belysa hur planeringen av land och stad framstår vara ett till synes stabilt system där vissa förhållanden tas för självklarheter. Vidare är syftet att undersöka hur planeringen hanterar områden som faller utanför kategorierna land och stad. Detta med bakgrund av diskussioner om att ”god” planering i samtiden förespråkar täta städer och utveckling av orter i kollektivtrafikstråk – en tanke som bygger på, och legitimeras av, en dikotomi om å ena sidan ett land och å andra sidan en stad vilka ska hållas separerade. Samtidigt erkänns det komplexa och intrikata förhållande som kategorierna har till varandra. Uppsatsen ställer sig således frågorna hur denna dikotomi om land och stad produceras i planeringen, samt hur den kommer till användning. Studien grundar sig på ett perspektiv om världens beskaffenhet så som aktör-nätverksteorin (ANT) förordar. ANT ser världen som ständiga processer och ett ständigt görande i en värld bestående av både människor och ickemänniskor, aktörer, som alla kan spela roll. Studien får låta uppvisa hur förhållandet mellan aktörer ter sig, och hur en dikotomi produceras och byggs upp. För studien har Linköping kommuns initierade arbete med en ny ytterstadsplan, ett tillägg till deras Översiktsplan för staden Linköping, varit föremål där dokument, miljöer och workshopar i det tidiga samrådsskedet observerats. Ytterstaden befinner sig på gränsen mellan Linköpings innerstad och dess landsbygd. När denna nu är föremål för ett planarbete har vedertagna sanningar om land och stad öppnats upp för diskussion. Detta kan bidra till förståelse för hur planeringen konstruerar och bygger upp kategorierna land och stad och vidare använder dessa som aktörer för att värva ytterstaden till de befintliga planeringsstrukturerna – att planera det som antingen landsbygd eller stad, inte något som faller där emellan. För att planeringen ska uppträda som ett stabilt system visar det sig att denna behöver alliera sig med ytterligare aktörer för att driva igenom sina agendor. Planeringen är inte i sig en stark kraft utan tillsammans med ytterligare aktörer, som kategorierna land och stad, gränser, tidningsartiklar och översiktsplaner skapas det vi betraktar som ett stabilt system – och vidare till vilken planeringen söker värva nya aktörer, som ytterstaden, för att passa in. Dikotomin mellan land och stad konstrueras i planeringen genom att värva vissa aktörer och etablera dessa i positioner som håller över tid och rum – i översiktsplanekartor och i dokument. På så sätt etableras nya aktörer med vilken förmågan kommer att motivera och legitimera utvecklingsområden som något som faller inom på förhand etablerade kategorier. Uppträder planeringsföremål utanför kategorierna passar planeringen in dem i de redan existerande.

Le débat actuel, portant sur la consommation des territoires qui est associée à la périurbanisation caractérisée par la maison individuelle, nous a amené à entreprendre notre travail. La volonté d’inscrire l’évolution des tissus périurbains dans une historiographie architecturale et urbaine nous a conduit à analyser ces formes périurbaines, à travers l’étude des processus et mécanismes morphogénétiques. La densité a eu mauvaise presse auprès des scientifiques et professionnels de la ville, aujourd’hui celle-ci semble être considérée comme un remède à l’étalement des territoires. Ainsi, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’instrumentalisation de la densité par les différents acteurs de la Ville, à travers les lois, les documents d’urbanisme. Nous nous sommes penchés sur l’étude de la définition de la densité, de sa place dans la théorie urbanistique et du rapport qu’elle entretient avec la morphogénèse des tissus périurbains. Ce travail aborde la transformation des tissus périurbains (dont l’analyse est peu présente dans les travaux scientifiques) au travers du prisme des espaces intermédiaires, que nous considérons comme un enjeu important dans l’évolution durable des territoires. Enfin, ce travail s’est proposé de réaliser une nouvelle lecture des espaces périurbains par les espaces intermédiaires à l’échelle de la parcelle pavillonnaire, en considérant que l’analyse des transformations, qui s’y déroulent, représente un élément marquant/discriminant pour l’élaboration des politiques urbaines. / Actually the discussion about the use of territories, which is associated with suburbanization characterized by the house led us to undertake our research. The research aims to include the development of peri-urban fabrics in architectural and urban historiography. And from that, we have analysed these suburban forms. Density has a bad press among scientists and city professionals; today it seems to be considered as a cure for the urban sprawl. Therefore, we have looked at the exploitation of the density by the different actors of the City, through legislation, planning documents. We focused on the study of the definition of density, its place in urban theory and its relation with peri –urban fabric morphogenesis. This research addresses the transformation of suburban fabric (whose analysis is not present in the scientific work) through the prism of the “in-between spaces”, which we consider an important issue in the sustainable development of territories. Finally, this work has proposed to produce a new reading of suburban areas by the “in-between spaces” in the suburban plot, whereas the analysis of the transformations that take place, are a prominent feature for urban policy.

abstract: City governments are increasingly incorporating urban and peri-urban agriculture into their policies and programs, a trend seen as advancing sustainability, development, and food security. Urban governance can provide new opportunities for farmers, but it also creates structures to control their activities, lands, and purposes. This study focused on Mexico City, which is celebrated for its agricultural traditions and policies. The study examined: 1) the functions of urban and peri-urban agriculture that the Government of Mexico City (GMC) manages and prioritizes; 2) how the GMC’s policies have framed farmers, and how that framing affects farmers’ identity and purpose; and 3) how the inclusion of agrarian activities and lands in the city’s climate-change adaptation plan has created opportunities and obstacles for farmers. Data was collected through participant observation of agricultural and conservation events, informal and semi-structured interviews with government and agrarian actors, and analysis of government documents and budgets. Analysis of policy documents revealed that the GMC manages agriculture as an instrument for achieving urban objectives largely unrelated to food: to conserve the city’s watershed and provide environmental services. Current policies negatively frame peri-urban agriculture as unproductive and a source of environmental contamination, but associate urban agriculture with positive outcomes for development and sustainability. Peri-urban farmers have resisted this framing, asserting that the GMC inadequately supports farmers’ watershed conservation efforts, and lacks understanding of and concern for farmers’ needs and interests. The city’s climate plan implicitly considers farmers to be private providers of public adaptation benefits, but the plan’s programs do not sufficiently address the socioeconomic changes responsible for agriculture’s decline, and therefore may undermine the government’s climate adaptation objectives. The findings illuminate the challenges for urban governance of agriculture. Farms do not become instruments for urban sustainability, development, and food security simply because the government creates policies for them. Urban governments will be more likely to achieve their goals for agriculture by being transparent about their objectives, honestly evaluating how well those objectives fit with farmers’ needs and interests, cultivating genuine partnerships with farmers, and appropriately compensating farmers for the public benefits they provide. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Sustainability 2017

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:33:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 4132478 bytes, checksum: 5561e4df833f1f3509ec7068c4719239 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-31 / Contemporary the process of global urbanization is notable for the intensity of its expansion, also in Brazil, where the great majority of the population lives in urban areas, with a vibrant aspect of the dynamics of this occupation the configuration of a space called peri-urban. From this overview, this paper aims to analyze the consequences of the interaction between the land market and public interventions, in the formation and orientation of the dynamics of occupation of peri-urban areas, in the west region of the city of Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais), also known as Cidade Alta (Uptown) in almost all its entirety, seeking to understand the role and influence of market land and public interventions in the process of its expansion, passing their socioeconomic characteristics, their occupation and the growth of the main neighborhoods that comprise it. For this purpose, besides the analysis based on a mixed methodology data of the market value of their land and their peculiar housing market, I sought to compare the numerical data with an analysis of features supported by observations of its main components and causes of the phenomena analyzed.The corpora related to the object of research are coming from data from the Territorial Urban Property Tax - a property tax, between the years 2000 to 2010, in each neighborhood and its subdivisions, as well as listings of the two largest newspapers in circulation of Juiz de Fora: Tribuna de Minas and Diário Regional. The result is an empirical analysis of the vectors of expansion in the region studied, addressing different forms of land use, especially for the installation of condominiums and discussion of socioeconomic and growth features, which in turn, show a highly speculative real estate in the region. It is intended to provide information to better understand this specific type of expansion, as well as the causes of the rise of areas similar to this locus, as a basis for the study of alternatives in terms of public policies in support of a concept of right to housing in their broadest sense of equity of access to public equipments and basic infrastructure in peri-urban areas. / Contemporaneamente, o processo de urbanização global destaca-se pela intensidade de sua expansão, também no Brasil, em que a grande maioria da população vive em áreas urbanas, sendo um aspecto pujante da dinâmica dessa ocupação a configuração de um espaço denominado periurbano. A partir desse panorama, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar os reflexos da interação entre o mercado de terras e as intervenções públicas, na formação e orientação da dinâmica de ocupação de áreas periurbanas, da região Oeste da cidade de Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais), também denominada como Cidade Alta , em quase toda a sua totalidade, buscando compreender a atuação e a influência do mercado de terras e das intervenções públicas no processo de sua expansão, perpassando suas características socioeconômicas, a sua ocupação e o crescimento dos principais bairros que a compõem. Para tanto, além da análise baseada em uma metodologia mista dos dados do valor venal de seus terrenos e o seu mercado imobiliário particular, buscou-se confrontar os dados numéricos com uma análise apoiada em observações de características de seus principais componentes e causas dos fenômenos analisados. Os corpora relacionados ao objeto da pesquisa são advindos de dados do Imposto Predial Territorial Urbano - IPTU, entre os anos de 2000 a 2010, em cada bairro e seus loteamentos, bem como anúncios dos dois jornais de maior circulação de Juiz de Fora: Tribuna de Minas e Diário Regional. O resultado é uma análise empírica sobre os vetores de expansão da região estudada, abordando as diferentes formas de ocupação do solo, com destaque para a instalação de condomínios e a discussão de aspectos socioeconômicos e de crescimento, que por sua vez, apontam para um mercado imobiliário altamente especulativo na região. Pretende-se fornecer subsídios para se melhor entender esse tipo específico de expansão, bem como as causas do surgimento de áreas semelhantes a esse lócus, como base de estudo para alternativas em termos de políticas públicas em prol de um conceito do direito à moradia em sua acepção mais ampla da equidade do acesso a equipamentos públicos e infraestrutura básica nos espaços periurbanos.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:49:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 12481734 bytes, checksum: 6875ec9b59b796f7215ebaf3e4c7f91a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Permaculture techniques are alternatives that have been developed in order to produce a permanent crop that restores the human being to the environment, taking into account the observation of the natural environment and experimentation, with the intent of improving the various factors that are contributing to the deterioration of life and nature. Thus, it seeks to restore the nature balance s that human actions have broken. The lack of sanitation has brought many negative consequences, both to human health and the environment, so the waste managing, whether solid or liquid, should be among all local governments priorities. Because the investment in peri-urban areas is inferior to the urban ones, actions focused on eliminating the diffused pollution sources like inappropriate domestic waste disposal and its impact are essential. Therefore, this study intended to demonstrate among local communities that cultivation and the solid and liquid wastes could be sustainably combined. Permaculture activities were carried out: in a familiar way with children from the Escola Elementar Nova Vida, in Pitimbu Municipality-PB; solid waste was reused in handmade artifact in the maroon community of Ipiranga, in the Gurugi district, Conde, PB; and deployment of ecological tanks, with banana circles, for the treatment of greywater, in Engenho Velho, and the evapotranspiration tanks (green tanks for blackwater treatment) in the Condomínio Amizade in João Pessoa, PB. Motivating the communities to develop the proposed activities was a challenge, and only a few people participated. However, after the implementation of the activities there was a general feeling of satisfaction among the participants. The goal of this project was the adoption of Environmental Social technics by specific communities that would later on work as models to be copied by other communities. We have achieved the purpose of the project as we noticed that not only the methodologies have improved the communities where they were implemented, but also that those were spread and adopted by other communities, showing the appropriation of these technologies by the people of these communities. / Técnicas permaculturais são alternativas que vêm sendo desenvolvidas, no intuito de produzir uma cultura permanente que reintegra o ser humano ao ambiente, levando em consideração a observação do meio natural e a experimentação no sentido de aprimorar os diversos fatores que estão auxiliando a degradar a vida e a natureza. Dessa forma, busca restituir o equilíbrio natural que as ações humanas têm quebrado. A falta de saneamento básico tem trazido muitas consequências negativas, tanto à saúde humana quanto ao ambiente, deste modo, gerenciar os resíduos gerados, sejam sólidos ou líquidos deveria estar entre as prioridades dos governos municipais. Como em regiões periurbanas há menos investimento nesta área que nos centros urbanos, ações que diminuam os impactos dos resíduos, no sentido de eliminar as fontes de poluição difusa, como a destinação inadequada do lixo e dos esgotos domésticos são essenciais. Assim, este trabalho visou realizar ações demonstrativas em comunidades da Paraíba, de como os resíduos sólidos, os líquidos e a plantação podem ser integrados de forma sustentável. Foram desenvolvidas atividades de Permacultura, com o plantio de hortas agroecológicas, junto aos alunos da Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental de Nova Vida, no Assentamento Nova Vida em Pitimbu; de reuso de resíduos sólidos à produção artística na comunidade quilombola de Ipiranga, no distrito de Gurugi em Conde; e a implantação de fossas ecológicas com a construção de Círculos de Bananeiras no Vale do Gramame, para o tratamento de águas cinzas, e do Tanque de Evapotranspiração no Condomínio Amizade, para o tratamento de águas negras, em João Pessoa. Deparou-se com a dificuldade de articulação comunitária nos locais e apenas poucas pessoas participaram das atividades propostas. No entanto, após as ações desenvolvidas, verificou-se a satisfação de todos os que participaram destas. Como o objetivo deste trabalho foi a implementação de algumas Tecnologias Socioambientais nas comunidades, para servir de modelo para a sua replicação por outros comunitários, pode-se dizer que para além dos resultados positivos da implantação das tecnologias por si, visto que melhorou bastante as áreas em que foram aplicadas, pela eliminação de esgotos a céu aberto, houve a disseminação das técnicas permaculturais que já foram reaplicadas em outros locais, o que demonstra a apropriação destas metodologias pelas pessoas das comunidades.

ABSTRACT Billions of people are living without access to safe hygienic means of personal sanitation. The sanitation gap is wide in developing countries where more people are increasingly becoming urbanised. Sanitation related diseases are some of the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among the population in developing countries especially children under age of 5 years. The responsible institutions are faced with challenge to provide suitable and affordable services to this increasing population. In Uganda, the urban poor are residing in the peri urban areas with inadequate sanitation facilities. The provision of conventional sanitation facilities are seen not be sustainable options due to contamination of both surface and underground water sources, congested housing structure and at the same time makes recycling and reuse of nutrients difficult. This study investigated attitudes towards urine diverting toilets in one of the peri urban areas in Kampala, with the aim of finding out strategies to improve on awareness of ecological sanitation as well as popularise their use as alternative sanitation. Respondents’ views were collected through face to face interviews with 40 household respondents using a semi structured questionnaire and field observations of the household’s toilet in use as well as solid waste disposal. Four focus group discussions and 6 key informant interviews were also performed. The respondents’ acceptance of the urine diverting toilets was relatively positive. Most of the respondents reported that the ecosan toilets are a viable option due to congested housing pattern, desire to own a toilet (for those who never had a toilet before), improved privacy, and convenience among other factors. Respondents who have no urine diverting toilets also preferred urine diverting toilets and expressed their willingness to replicate them. It was also found that residents in Kamwokya II parish prefer a double vault design to one which uses bucket. The findings also reveal that reuse of sanitized urine and faecal matter within the community is not possible since there is no space for urban agriculture. However, the respondents acknowledged a willingness to eat or buy food from a garden fertilized with sanitized urine and faecal matter. It was also found that there are no cultural and religious beliefs against reuse of sanitized urine and faecal matter. Some challenges that affected implementation of the pilot project were people’s reluctance to adopt at the beginning, delayed completion of some facilities and part time employees. Currently there is limited replication of toilets because of low cash income among the residents, delayed completion of some facilities and sceptical views by some residents. Among the difficulties faced in use of toilet include forgetfulness by some people to spray ash after defecating, misplaced water entering the toilet vault during cleaning, children playing with the urine container etc. The provision for anal cleansing for Muslims, squat hole covers, closed urine chamber among others were suggested for system improvements. The study recommends more awareness campaigns through social marketing of toilet and reuse of nutrients, modification of design, government’s commitment and household change of behaviours are fundamental for encouraging more adoption and replication of the toilets.